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71 Years of Editorial Freedom GARY BLANCH ARD, DAVID ETHRIDGE Co-Editors Tuesday, May 7, 1963 Vol. LXX, No. 153 The DTFI offices are tm tlie second floor' of Graham Memorial. Telephone num ber: Editorial, sports, news 942-3112. Easiness 942. 2138. Address: Box 1080, Chapel Hill, N. C. Fire At Will "Parting Shots," the program of 'last words' by six graduating sen iors scheduled for 8 o'clock tonight in Memorial Hall, promises to be one of the most novel and stimulat ing events of the year. These seniors have been asked to share their final critical thoughts about the University with the en tire student community, and be fore we lapse into traditional year end sentiment, such objective re marks will be welcome indeed. What we hear tonight from six of our fellow students will be mo tivated by their deep love and con cern for the University. However critical some of it may sound, it will be heartfelt and meaningful. It should be listened to and pon dered with care. The Carolina Forum (which has been responsible for a considerable amount of excitement this year) and the Senior Class are sponsor ing tonight's affair, and we hope that such 'last lectures' become an annual affair. Although no one has been able to get any information about the contents of the speeches, we have every reason to expect these part ing shots to be noisy indeed. The students involved have raised their voices before during their careers here, and they will leave, we are sure, in a burst of glory. Tool Or Juggernaut? A small and what might be call ed a rebel band of serious-minded educators recently threw a grenade at basic American military policy, but the noise of their explosive package seemed to attract no more attention than the backfire of a delivery truck on Pennsylvania Avenue. The .situation has the makings of a cruel joke. The New Frontier is supercharged with intellectuals whose lines of communication are supposed to hum and throb with unorthodox ideas but so far, it ap pears, the would-be innovators have been unable to tune in on the Ken nedy Administration wave length even to get their unusual propos als seriously discussed. This is not to say that the edu cators, headed by Seymour Mel man, professor of industrial and management engineering at Co lumbia University, have discovered a foolproof recipe to end the cold War, or guarantee the avoidance of a hot one. Their attack on the military budget, contained in a study entitled "A Strategy for American Security," is loaded with. unanswered questions. But the situation, in which their study got virtually no initial at tention in the press or reaction from any branch of government, despite the fact that copies of it were delivered to every member of Congress, to key offices in the executive branch, to every state governor arid to the Washington press corps via an open briefing on Monday, this state of affairs raises the disturbing possibility that the government and the country may be incapable of examining U. S. strategy with detachment. (The DTH carried the story this past Saturday, based on a Charlotte Ob server dispatch.) Is the momentum of our policy in proliferation of nuclear weap ons so powerful that we can't pause to see where we are going? Has the overwhelming bigness of our defense machine set us in motion on a course which we did not in tend? Can we, expert and layman alike, see only what our previously formed conceptions allow us to see? If any answer here is yes then our military policy has become a juggernaut which we do not con trol and we must exert every ef fort to get back in command of it. If the concepts of the Melman group do no more than force us to face these questions honestly, their work will have been of great value ... The group does not propose dis armament. But it argues that there is a new instrument of power in the world which we are not us ing industrial productivity. And one main reason we are not using it is that we are stifling it with over production in defense. The old concept that any addi tion to offensive capability in creases military power or the de terrence of nuclear attack, is, these men insist, obsolete strategy. Why? Because of a new military condi tion which the Pentagon calls "ov erkill." They estimate that the U. S. now has about 3400 strategic weapons vehicles bombers, mis siles, Polaris submarines , cap able of delivering nuclear war heads with explosive power equiv alent to 22 billion tons of TNT approximately seven tons for eve ry man, woman and child on the face of the earth. . - The Melman group calculates that "for the 140 major cities of the Soviet Union, the U. S. over kill capacity is 78 times, even al lowing for a 50 percent attrition of carriers." Yet the size of our stock pile and the number of our deliv ery vehicles continue to increase. Where is the limit? To the argument that we need more defensive systems to protect enough people to insure "an on going society," 1 in case of attack, Melman replies that the Soviets possess overkill too and "if some one can destroy you 100 times ov er and you knock out 99 percent of his capacity he can still kill you" with - that remaining one percent of overkill. ' ; ' 1 The study advocates what it calls a maintenance'- of - present-forces budget of $34 billion or a cut of nearly $23 billion from the $56.7 billion the administration asked for military spending 'in fiscal 1964. The big cuts would be in military procurement research and develop ment." These experts do not believe that this "freeze" in our nuclear arsenal would encourage the So viets to aggressive adventures but would instead influence them to take similar action so powerful are the needs and demands of their domestic economy. The study blames our "overkill" military" strategy almost exclusive ly for the questionable state of our own domestic economy, for the steady drain on the dollar (in ov erseas military commitments) de spite a favorable balance of trade, for our faltering technological growth. Indeed a New York Times Washington dispatch only today re ported a dwindling of industrial re search because great government . demand has robbed civilian indus try of scientists and techniians. ' Obviously the Melman report does not begin to supply all the answers but it has posed great questions which the country should not let the government ignore. Edward P. Morgan, ABC News Another Qf Academic Freedom By DOUGLAS EISELE "Academic freedom" is a nebu lous doctrine. But if it means the unbridled philosophy that college professors can at all times promote what they believe, without repris als, then it is wrong. Such a statement will bring forth condemnation' from the liberals, who from their ivory towers often fail to face the facts of life. They live in theory, or morals applying the most perfect rules to a most imperfect world. The two must clash. And so they do in so-called acad emic freedom. ; The goal of any state is self perpetuation the furtherance of its national integrity and of its way of life. Wars have been fought throughout history to defend it; diplomats struggle daily to assure it. Whether the state sought to be perpetuated is good or bad in the eyes of the rest of mankind is un important. What does matter here is that an Ivory soap percentage in a given society believes strongly in its current social and political life. It believes it so fervently that thousands of men have died fight ing for it. Its faith is so strong in the system that the society's wealth has been committed around the world. There is justification, then, that this same society should fight to protect its system at home. In Communist states, this pro tection is assured by the complete control of the system social, po litical, economic, educational by the state. There is no questioning its effect. The result has been not only to foster the Communist doc trine at home but to peddle it abroad wherever a disciple could be found. The lesson in the Communist case is not that its philosophy is good. It lies in the fact that strong con trol is ' effective in perpetuating the ' state. And it follows that if strong control produces results in a highly regimented society, then some control would workf to per petuate the philosophy , of a freer society. - The question, and a seri ous one, is where to draw the line. In our society, the control should be extended over public employees in those affairs ' which could be used by them to the detriment of the state. This includes control over the academician- in some areas of political expression. It does not mean he is refused the privilege to expound the merits of a Communist economy, to condemn the CIA for its role in international politics, to curse the' -House' 'Com mittee on Un-Americarf 'Activities. It does mean that he should con form to the broader concept f of Democratic philosophy sd'longf as he is on the public payroll. :i " The justification for this convic tion lies in the right of a society to determine its own course 'in political philosophy. It lies in a society's right to perpetuate itself; That same society should be able at will to cast from its employment those who disagree with the' course selected. " ' r ,'. This kind of feeling will bring from the liberals Cries ' that What is proposed would make this 'a Communist state, not protect it from one. To the extent that some expression would be controlled, their cries would have merit: But to equate such control with Communist regimentation 4s 'in valid. Rather, the control would work to perpetuate the society' such that it could not slip silently and without notice Into -the -Communist norm. It would, therefore serve the best interests of the state! It is feared that complete academic-freedom in-the-handsof-a few would be a dangerous tool by which control could be gained over the many. This is a more ghastly possibility than that some liberal thought would be offended by effec tive restraints. The result would be a relaxation into which the hew thought - the currently unaccepN able political thought-woS? Then there would not-only bTre straints upon a small corner of academic freedom, but consols upon every area of human conduct! The state should possess the priv- 3SSto P6-itself. ItPalso sarlrr5-8 40018 ne-b- if the tools appropriately for the task at hand, the cries should promote its interest. mSr?hi free People will make the right decisions-even ' if ttey lag behind what otters cZ ad deliberate speed. "Bah! YouVe Not Trying To Make It Grow'5 A . v. . . . : - Radical Right Obscuring Real Danger Of Our Times By HERBERT P. HALBERG The Collegian Colorado State University " America's Radical Right is per forming a grave disservice to the American people." The emphasis of the" Radical Right' propaganda on .. hatej destruction, suspicion, and distrust serves to ' obscure the real . threat of our times. Hiding behind their . slogan "better " dead than red," the (Radical Right ig nores completely the very real problem of, the international arms race. . . . : Led by - businessmen, funda mentalist clergymen, retired mili tary officers, 1 and professional pa triots, the Radical Right is amply financed; Professor Alan F. West i ic of.. Columbia University says, f'A cautious estimate would show that the American business com munity contributed $10 million, to the Radical Right last year." Fi nancing on . a scale such as that makekithe'!RadiCal:Right, no mat ter how irrational they may sound, i ""formidable ! influence.' 'The his tory'bf Hitler' and .the' "big lie" is too "Very" recent to completely' dis miss -the '"line". - of the Radical Right -a$ ' ; faritings . of ' ''deranged personalities: " v ' : 1 r ' ..' . J,? - ' Mr. iW. P. Strube, : director of radio and television ;f or the' 'Chris tiari-'Antrommunist Crusade, is duite candid niri' stating that the iRadical v Right need 4 not be' eri-' vnbered iby'Tatfoniality.'i'Hesays;' "Ybu0 donT have ' to" be objective about'- narcotics morals, or com mtfnism' ? Mr;" Strut is 'correct in 1 !an "unethical sensel-Communism and socialism have' unsavory con iKftations' for' many ! Americans.' OSiefaFfegi slation 4 is 'equated with socialism1 fcy ' spokesmen 'of Am erica's Right in effort to' discredit the -legislation. ; Political 'figures are J accused' of being communists" or e"sbftUi"bn communism r'f6r ths purpose of smearing them. The (Radical Right spokesmen exploit the American's inate hostility to left-wing ideas to the fullest ex tent. Fred Schwarz, an Australian medical doctor ; turned evangelist; heads the Christian Anti-Communist Crusade schools. Accord ing to Fred J. Cook's article in the (NATION, "These'1 scuools' become exercises in revivalist ernotioft r2-' ther than exercises in " logic. Schwarz leaves in his wake the atmosphere of the vigilante' and the fanatic." With" utter ' disregard for logic. Rear Admiral Chester Ward,'USN Ret, thundered from Schwarz's pulpit, "We are at all tunes.-ready for war to keep the peace."! ".." - '; ; Without exception the message of the- Radical (Right is a consistent exhortation : to hate communism. 'As far as the Rightists are con cerned, ;: communism represents the anti-Christ.- Even now,- they contend, we ' are engaged in a Holy War Tvith" Hussia. The fore going observation is illustrated by Schwarz's tirade, "Christians to arms! .The enemy is at the gate ... let us smite the communist foe . . . coexistence is impossible ... we must hurl this thing back into the pit from whence it came." From the west coast Henry W. MacFarland, Jr., echoes precisely the same irrational message of hate. He says, "If our republic is to survive . . . the forces of Hell let loose upon the world in Oc tober, (1917, must be " destroyed." There can be no doubt about the views of the Radical Right. For them war with TRussia is the only solution to world problems. Any effort by national leaders : to seek peaceful solutions to problems is decried by the Rightists as tanta mount to surrender to Russia. ' Commenting on the Disarma ment Agency (Bill, Dan Smoot says, "Our danger lies in the fact that the Kennedy Administration is moving . . behind-a veil of deceit and propaganda about world peace toward the American Armed forc es and American Sovereignty to a Communist-controlled United Na tions." ":" : ' " In the same vein Smoot refers to the Council on Foreign relations. (He says, "They (the Council on (Foreign Relations) want the-Constitution abolished so that 'the (Presidency, which is in their control,- can move quickly to socialize the economy of America and then surrender her sovereignty to ' a (One-World Socialist-System.". Historical facts are blithely dis regarded 'by speakers 'of' the far Right.'1 Robert ' Welchr founder of the JOHN ' BIRCH SOCIETY con tends,' "In 1940, the most import ant thing - in the World ' to Stalin was to get the United States into the " war.- For" several - years his agents had been scheming and ly ing" -"and5 i conniving to bring on world War H." There is not a word about the machinations of Adolph Hitler, only 1 the inference that our ' national leaders ' were inept, duped and outwitted by a crafty Josef Stalin. Our leaders are guileless while the Communist leaders are cunning is a theme that courses through the fabric of the propaganda . from the Right like a red thread. - ... ...-.. - ' Joe Crail's FREE ENTERPRISE EUREAU circulated the follow ing alleged statement by Nikita Khrushchev,1 "We" cannot expect Americans to jump from capital ism -to' communism; but' we can assist their elected leaders in giv ing Americans small -doses of so cialism, until they suddenly 'wake up to find they have communism." Senator Lee Metcalf, doubting the antfwntiitv of the' statement, em ployed every knowledgeable gov ernment agency to trace the quo tation, to no avail. The Senator concluded that the statement was spurious. ' '. ' . Instead of a. rational considera tion of the r consequences of war, the Rightist buries" himself be neath the slogan etter dead than red." The slogan may have a heroic- ring but it conveys' no infor mation. Thus, buried beneath a slogan the Rightist completely ig nores the arms race. Fanning the flames of hate, dis crediting national leaders, and pro moting suspicion and distrust of international institutions can serve only one purpose and that is to intensify world tensions. America's Radical Right is not only per forming a disservice to the Am erican people but to the entire world. !. Erich Fromm in his book MAY MAN PREVAIL? adequately points out the effect produced by the Rightist's propaganda. He says, "Many still continue to be lieve that communism is the epit ome of evil; and that we the free world . . . are the personification of all that is good. The result is a narcissistic and unrealistic pic ture of the West as the fighter for good, for freedom, and for humanity,- and communism as the enemy of all that is human and de cent ... If projection is mixed with paranoid thinking, as is the case in the 'cold war', we have indeed, a dangerously explosive psychological mixture, which pre vents sane and anticipatory think ing."; It cannot be denied that the propaganda of the Right leads to stereotyped thinking which must ultimately result in war. The inventory of destructive weapons extant in the world to day -'is staggering. What would happen should these weapons be used almost defies comprehension. iNOrman Cousins paints a grue some picture in his book IN PLACE OF FOLLY. He points out, in the event Russia launched a nuclear attack on the United States, military experts estimate that 95 of the population would be doomed. The estimate of cas ualties for Russia is less since their population density is less than that of the United States. The real threat that confronts the world is the continuing arms race. Jerome Wiesner's prefatory remarks in the special arms con trol edition of DAEDALUS em phasizes the danger of the arms race. He says, "The concensus among the contributors to thi3 special edition of DAEDALUS is that civilization is faced with an unprecedented crisis. If the arms race is allowed to continue, our country- will have less security with each passing year. Both the Soviet Union and the United States have enough nuclear explosives to kill each other several times over. As a result, there is an ever in creasing likelihood of a war so disatrous that civilization.if not man himself will be eradicated." The slogan "better dead than red" is an eloquent" testimonial to the intellectual paucity of the Radi cal Right. "Thinking, testing, and trying in effort to solve problems is the path followed by temporiz ing men. The path is difficult to travel. Like a wilderness there are no guide posts. Yet, if man kind is to solve his problems ra ttier than eliminate them along with himself, that is the path he must travel. Broke Or Rich, You Can Get To Europe Easily By PETE RANGE "Fan!" swore Bjoern, my cabin mate, in a typical sailor's jrreeti:.;: to the morning. We staggered out onto the pitch ing deck crossed to midships, an i ducked through two hatches int., the crew mess. There sleepy it:t men were drinking hot coffee fn hi the heavy, old mugs and smoki:.;.: hand-rolled cigarettes. At seven, Bos'n stuck his hea l in and said, "Ok Klocken syv; vi skal arbeider!" and we all tum bled out into the grey morning to jbegin work. Paint decks, splice cm bles, wash booms, scrape paint, make fast the cargo, and fifty oth er things kept us busy for eight hours. At eight we stopped half-an-hour for breakfast. And at twelve there was an hour for lunch. We ate fast and then napped or played cards before pulling on our caps and boots again and attacking the salt anil sea which slowly rusts away every ship in the water. Then thirty min utes for coffee at three. At five our work-day ended. So it was for thirteen days be tween Genoa and New York when I came home this January, work ing as a non-paying, non-paid deck boy on a Norwegian freighter. So it was, too, last September, when I spent ten days deckboying on a 1 Norwegian tanker bound from Egypt to Kuwait, only then we worked almost naked in the one hundred degree heat. Work-a-way travel is supposed to have gone out. And it almost has. But any ambitious, determined fellow ready to live the seaman s life a while can probably work his way to Europe if he wants to bad ly enough. There are two tricks: Go only to .ships from Scandanavian countries; and go straight to the captain, not to the agent or anyone else. Tell the captain you are a student with insufficient funds for passenger travel and would like to work on his ship. 1 Probably only a few students will voyage to Europe this way this summer. For girls work-a way is more or les.s impossible. And if you can offord it, passen ger travel is more comfortable anyway. Passenger fare to Europe is available on .freighters, . where a maximum of twelve passengers live in first-class accommodations,' d've with the captain, and enjoy the' more intimate if somewhat quiet er .society of a small company dar ing their crossing to Europe. Fares average about $150 one-way. The disadvantage is that freight ers travel slower and are not bound to their schedules. My first ship (a coal freighter upon which I v.as a passenger) left Norfolk five (lay behind schedule and took thirteen days reaching port in North Ger many. For the fun-seeking Daytor.a type, twenty-four-hour-a-day social life, student ships are best. Usual ly an entire ship or, say the u h U tourist class of a ship will be re served for students at reduce; rates (about $185-220 one-way). To get there quick, avoiding seasickness and social life as well, one flies jet. In about eight hour you whiz from New York to Lon don, or it takes sixteen if y- ' travel Icelandic Airlines, by way of Reykjavik. J Reduced student rates start at about $320 round-trip. See Graham Memorial to take advantage of thi possibility. The flight to Lor. i n normally costs about $270 one-way. For student ships, information i available from the Council on Stu dent Travel, 179 Boardway, Xt York 7, or see Mr. Shotts at the YMCA. For freighter travel you nv.y contact any one of hundreds c: freight shipping agents for in stance: A. F. Klaveness, 17 Bat tery Place, New York 4. For work-a-way, g-o either New York or Norfolk and look for Scan dinavian ships headed for Europe and don't get discouraged! i
Daily Tar Heel (Chapel Hill, N.C.)
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May 7, 1963, edition 1
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