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CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY, MARCH10965
Volume 72 Number 109
THE MARCHERS: Before
The Journey Excitement
SELMA, Ala. Students and
. clergymen dominated the crowd
gathered in front of Brown
Chapel A.M.E. Church here
Tuesday morning.
A stocky Negro youth led
singing and chanting on the
steps of the twin-spire church.
Inside another Negro youth in
a green and white award sweat
er performed the same duty.
It was easy to spot white cler
ical collars in the crowd.
In a playground area behind
the church, several hundred
teenage Negroes formed into a
circle around a basketball court
They sang. And they were loud
The crowd gathered about
9:30 a.m. to fill out marching
forms which were required o
all participants. The smal
chapel of Brown Church soon
overflowed and the excess was
turned to First Baptist Church
a block away.
- After completing the form
about 1,000 Negroes milled in
and around the church and
blocked passage of the street.
After a few songs and speech
es by leaders of the movement,
the crowd became electric with
enthusiasm sparked from one to
the other.
One student, a Southern
' Christian Leadership Confer
ence member, came from Colo
rado State College. "This is the
deepest south I, have ever
come," he said. SCLC refused
to let him march in the front
ranks Sunday. No whites led
the march Sunday. But, he said,
"I hope they let me up there
today."
Most of the students were
from Alabama, but bright
sweatshirts heralded the pres
ence of at least one pair from
the west coast one from
UCLA, one from Stanford.
. Fisk College in Nashville,
Tenn.. is home for a full car
load that came down early Tues
day morning.
Students from Alabama A &
M estimated three - fourths of
Sunday's marchers were stu
dents.
The crowd outside the old
brown brick church reserved the
morning's biggest cheer for a
$201,000 Budget
Proposed By SG
A budget of approximately $201,
000 has been appropriated from
student funds for the 1965 Student
Government budget, according to
SG Budget committee chairman
George Ingram.
Nearly one third of the money
... . A 1
appropriated will go -into me yv
Graham Memorial,
and approximately $30,000 has
been alloted lor tne operating w
pense of tne urn.
The completed budget will be
introduced to Student Legislature
for approval.
'SC - G Students .Protest . Ban Law
I
By HUGH STEVENS
DTH Co-Editor
A group of students at the
University's Greensboro cam
pus planned to stage an organ
ized public protest of the Speak
er Ban law last night by march
ing a mile to hear an address
by a Polish diplomat banned
from the campus.
The speaker was Ryszard
Krystosik, second secretary of
the Polish Embassy in Wash
ington, whose appearance was
sponsored by the "Great Deci
chartered bus of clergymen who
had gathered after flights from
the north at the airport in
Montgomery about 40 miles
from here.
"Basically the gospel calls for
us to identify with each other
as human beings. This is the
k
Aching Feet And
Worn-Out Socks
SELMA. Ala The r.athnKn
priest reclined in an easy chair
ana waved one toot m the air,
showing off his soft, rippled-soled,
ft - i ii
anKie-iengin Doots.
A protestant minister shook his
head and lamented his choice of
shoes leather-soled oxfords.
Footwear was an important con-
verstation topic Tuesday morning
as prespective marchers tried to
relax and talk before the 9:30
a.m. rally at Brown Chapel A.M.E
Church.
But a long-haired Washington
youth who identified himself as
a conscientious objector topped all
the tales.
He lifted his feet and displayed
a large hole in the sole of each
shoe. "Wore them out at the last
picket," he said.
Fall's Orientation
Program Outlined
By KERRY SIPE
DTH Staff Writer
"Our aim is a decentralized
orientation program that will
let students find closer contact
with the faculty and other stu
dents." Orientation committee chair
man Bob Wilson said Monday
that this is the purpose of the
revised orientation program
now planned for the fall of 1965
when over 2,000 new students
will enter the university.
Interviews for committee po
sitions will be conducted in
Roland Parker 2 today through
Friday. About 20 people will
be needed to put the completely
reorganized program into effect.
"There has been a lot of crit
icism of orientation," Wilson
said. "Kathy Caubel, who is in
charge of coed orientation, and
I have studied the suggestions
of the National Student Associ
ation congress and have person
ally examined the programs now
being used at other schools."
The revised program is based
on the new residence college
system. There will be one coun
cilor for about every 20 students
who will live 24 hours a day
with his group during the form
ative first week at UNC.
Unlike the present system,
many co-educational mass meet
ings will be held where men
and women will gather together
in Carmichael Hall to hear dis
sions" community lecture ser
ies. The "waik" by several dozen
students was set for 7 p.m. last
night.
A statement issued yesterday
by Pam Pfaff, one of the or
ganizers of the "walk," indicat
ed that "Great Decisions"
speakers had been invited to
visit University classes in the
past, but Krystosik had been
barred by the Speaker Ban.
"Our primary interest is in
the lecture itself," Miss Pfaff
continued, "therefore we have
direct way to humanize society,"
said Nashville Methodist minis
ter William Corzine, who was
one of the first oil' of the bus
"After a while you have to
stand up and be counted. For
me that time has come." The
time had come for Father Zaiv
er Carroll of Mount Mercy Col
lege in Pittsburgh.
He said he intended to march
So did his traveling companion,
Father Chris Kennedy, also of
Pittsburgh.
Many of the" clergymen car
ried bedrolls for the march.
All during the morning law
enforcement officers maintained
a constant watch around the
church. State troopers rode by
on motorcycles while Selma po
licemen patrolled in cars.
Sheriff James Clark's posse
men also patrolled. One car
load included a man with two
Confederate flags decaled on a
white construction helmet. A
carbine was visible in the back
seat. '
And the air buzzed with ex
citement. "I sure hope nobody
gets hurt," a' large Negro wom
an repeated again and again.
And one priest whispered to
a colleague: "If one of us gets
arrested, - this s is what .we'll ,
do . . ." Mike Yopp
cussion of the aspects of Caro
lina life.
Student government will be
emphasized in one meeting with
a mock honor council trial and
mock student legislature meet
ing designed to familiarize the
student with campus govern
mental processes.
"One of the things that the
orientation program has lack
ed," said Wilson, "is some sort
of follow-up campaign to con
tinue to aid new students after
orientation is over and the
counselors have gone."
Wilson said that residence
hall advisors will be trained to
work with the councilors and to
continue to answer questions
throughout the academic year.
Each orientation group will
have faculty members who will
talk to them at nightly meet
ings to answer questions about
class procedures and expecta
tions. "This will allow the student
to realize that faculty members
can be human," said Wilson,"
and it will help students to de
fine the real reasons they de
cided to come to college.
"Right now," he said, "we
need an interested, committee
who have some ideas on how
orientation can effect a greater
number of people and do it
more effciently than in the
past."
labeled our action, "protest by
presence."
Miss Pfaff, a senior from
Greensboro, and Caroline Ul
rey, a senior from Hickory,
were the primary organizers of
the event, which also had the
backing of the UNC-G Student
Government.
Both emphasized that no
"demonstration" was planned,
and called for a "unified and
orderly" march. About 75 to
100 students were expected to
participate.
Student leaders indicated they
Selma, Alabama
A DTH Exclusive
EDITORS' NOTE: With racial tensions mounting inf
Selma Ala., DTH managing editor Mike Yopp flew to
the scene Monday afternoon. He will return to ChanpK'
Hill late this evening Yopp's coverage of the last two.
day s events, inciuaing an
James Farmer, appear here.
THE LEADER: Farmer
Looks To The Day Ahead
(ED. NOTE This is an ex
clusive interview with James
. Farmer at the home at which
he was visiting: in Selma.")
SELMA, Ala. James Farmer
was tired at 7:30 a.m. Tuesday
and spoke with a low hoarse
voice.
"Coming down with a fresh
cold," he said.
The National director of
CORE was seated in a straight
backed chair awaiting breakfast
in the home of Amelia Boyden,
Alabama Southern Christian
Leadership Conference secre
tary. He spoke nervously.
"The Negroes here are much
more united than those in Chap
el Hill were during last year's
demonstrations," he said, con
trasting the two situations.
Selma Negroes are more or
ganized "because, for one thing,
the oppression is greater, and
there is greater solidarity among
people who are oppressed."
The civil rights leader said
he could not accuse Chapel Hill
police of the "extra police bru
tality the movement has found
in Selma."
He turned from brutality to
the kitchen, saw breakfast was
not .ready and turned back.
Farmer said he knew of no
"trouble spots" in North Caro
lina. He said Floyd McKissick
of Durham had told him of the
recent protest rally on the UNC
campus, but he had heard no
details. , ,
"A great deal has been done
in places of public accommoda
tion in North Carolina" he said.
However, he added, hot as' much
has been done in getting more
jobs for Negroes.
He cleared some cold from
his throat.
"Gov." Wallace is running true
to style. The action (on Sun
day) was motivated by the ra
cism which has characterized
him.
"I doubt that I've seen worse
police brutality. They charged
with forces and billyclubs and
pursued and beat them (the
marchers) all the way back to
the church."
Just then someone arrived
with a morning newspaper from
Birmingham. Farmer scanned
the headlines about Selma and
flipped to the editorial page.
He chuckled as he read the
lead editorial condemning Sel
ma marchers. Mike Yopp
Mavericks , PSCC
To Sponsor Rally
In DurJiam Sunday
Maverick House and the Pied
mont Sports Car Club announc
ed yesterday that they will
jointly sponsor a Gymkahna
sports car rally March 14 at
the Wellons Village Shopping
Center in Durham.
Entrants will race along a
one-half mile course on the
shopping center parking lot.
Registration will begin at 10
a.m., practice at 12:15, and the
timed runs at 1:30.
Entrants fee will be $2 for
PSCC members and $3 for non
members. In preparation for the 'week
end's events, there will be a
rally clinic at Maverick House
on Thursday at 8 p.m. All in
terested competers and obser
vers are invited.
The Mavericks are sponsoring
another 100-mile rally, ending
in a picnic Saturday afternoon,
to kick off the weekend of driv-
ing.
had informed University and
city officials, including Greens
boro city manager George Aull,
of their plans.
City officials apparently did
not issue a parade permit, since
an actual "parade" was not
planned, but Aull did consult
with representatives of the
UNC-G student body. Police
portection was to be provided
by the city.
As of late yesterday after
noon, city officials had no word
on whether more than 75 girls
would be allowed to participate,
l
1
P
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exclusive inxermexo ioith
o -r - .;.----.-.----.-...---.,
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MIKE YOPP
A junior from St. Petersburg,
Fla., Mike Yopp has served as
Managing Editor of the Daily Tar
Heel this year. He is a - journal
ism major, entering UNC last
fall after spending two years at
St. Petersburg Junior College.
Marines Join
Viet Rangers
For 1st Time
DA "NANG; "Viet - Nam- WV-A
group of TJ. S. marines slung
rifles tonight and joined a Viet
namese ranger unit on patrol
west of this strategic air base
to guard against Viet Cong in
filtration. The first scouting mission by
the newly landed leathernecks
was launched from Hill 327, a
dominating feature three miles
from the .base, which was taken
over today by Company I of the
3rd Marine Battalion.
The Rangers, veterans of such
night work, led the way.
A primary aim is to keep the
Red guerrillas out of mortar
range of the base, where two
battalions of marines are rein
forcing defenses of the runways
and squadrons of U. S. jet
planes, hawk anti-aircraft mis
siles and Vietnamese skyraiders.
Still fresh in mind at this
base, only 80 miles from the
17th parallel frontier, are mor
tar attacks that took advantage
of security failure at Bien Hoa
and Pleiku.
Brig. Gen. Frederick Karch,
the new marine commander,
and Gen. William C. Westmore
land, commander of U. S. Forces
in Viet Nam, conferred about a
half hour.
Karch told a news conference
later "the defense of the base
right now, as far as we are con
cerned, is local." But he im
plied the perimeter will be ex
tended well into inland areas
which are now virtually control
led by the Viet Cong at night
if not in the daylight.
Candidates Speak
Candidates for the big four
offices and editor of the DTH
will speak tonight at 9 in Ay
cock Hall, at 10 in Manly Hall
and at 11 in Alderman Hall.
Tomorrow they will appear
at .10 p.m. in Grimes Hall and
11 p.m. in Whitehead Hall.
but student leaders said they
were going to attempt to stick
to that number.
"It will be orderly," promis
ed Student Body President Pam
Dixon, "and we've decided to
keep it down to 75."
The Carolinian, UNC-G stu
dent paper, backed the action
in an editorial this week, say
ing the opportunity would "en
able us to join our fellow stu
dents at Chapel Hill and Ra
leigh in active, vigorous rather
than "apathetic participation in
an important issue."
T
-1 u s -
f '- . '
By MIKE YOPP
DTH Managing Editor
SELMA, Ala. There was no violence here yesterday.
Dr. Martin Luther King led about 700 marchers across the
Edmund Tettus Bridge toward Montgomery about 2:30 p.m. in
defiance of an order from Federal Judge Frank Johnson. After
a tense, but peaceful confrontation with state troopers, King
ordered the marchers back to Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church,
the start of the march.
King said en route back to the church that a pilgrimage was
still planned to Montgomery in an effort to protest denial of
voting rights to Alabama Negroes. But he would not say when.
A hearing on Johnson's order will be held Thursday, but King
declined comment on whether he would hold the march until
then. A quarter-mile-Ions line of marchers walked from Brcwn
Chapel Church through part of the downtown section and were
confronted on thke Selma side of the bridge by a U.S. Marshal,
who read Johnson's order and demanded that the protesters
disperse.
King refused and the march continued over the bridge.
Stepping to the tune of "We Shall Overcome," the group
crossed the bridge and entered a gauntlet of state troopers who
lined both sides of the highway.
They marched about 300 yards and met a roadblock put up
by about 100 troopers. They again were ordered not to proceed.
A patrol captain ordered the troopers forming the roadblock
to get out of the highway.
King led the 700 Negroes and whites in a ten-minute prayer
service which included prayers by civil rights leaders, and pro
testants, Catholic and Jewish clergymen.
King told the marchers to return and led them in a walk back
across the bridge to the church.
Later King said that he was promised the group could hold
the prayer service if he would not march on the roadblock.
The scene was in sharp contrast to the confrontation between
marchers and troopers near the same spot Sunday. At that time
troopers used nightsticks and tear gas to disperse the crowd.
Scores of Negroes were injured.
Rev. A. D. Williams King, vice-president of the Alabama
SCLC, said yesterday's incident "pointed up a question of rac
ism because of the large number of whites involved." Otherwise,
he said, the troopers would have attacked.
A. D. King marched in the front rank along with James
Orange, an SCLC field worker, and two other Negroes. On the
way to the bridge, Orange, dressed in blue over-alls to repre
sent the poor Negro from the South, said, "It feels good. We're
more determined than ever."
Leading the marchers as they returned across the bridge was
Mrs. Charles Tobey, wife of the New Hampshire senator. Fol
lowing her was Mrs. Paul Douglas, wife of the Connecticut sen
ator. They came to Selma Tuesday along with hundreds of clergy
men from throughout the country. Joining them in the march
was a host of Alabama Negroes and whites and numerous col
lege students.
Cheers went up from the long line of marchers when state
troopers were ordered out of the road. Most of them knelt and
joined hands during the prayers.
Townspeople jeered at the marchers as they went through
part of the downtown area.
"Come on, come on, you poor white trash," was a frequent
jibe.
Walking in front of the group for several blocks was a sheriff's
deputy with a Conferedate flag painted on both sides of his white
helmet. '
All troopers arid the posse men
Clark carried long night sticks.
.around their waist in low-slung holsters. There were no report
ed incidents of violence. '
The Brown Chapel Church was jammed most of the day.
Numerous civil rights leaders including James Foreman, the
Rev. Carl Abernathy, and Rev. C. T. Divian spoke to the crowd.
Ministers from various denominations addressed the group and
pledged their support to the non-violent activities of the Negro
movement.
King arrived at the church about 1:45 p.m. He was met with
a standing ovation from the 900 people that packed the tiny
Chapel.
"I cannot stand in the midst of all these glaring evils and not
take a stand against it," he said.
"I have no alternative but to lead the march from this spot
in an attempt to convey our grievances to the seat of govern
ment in Montgomery.
"I've made my choice this afternoon. I've got to march."
The crowd leaped to its feet in cheers. This was the final
word. The march was on.
The crowd had been told all afternoon that King was in con
ference deciding whether to defy the court order and continue
the plans for the march. Speakers indicated that the march
would be held on schedule and King confirmed it.
"I had rather die on the highways of Alabama than make a
butchery of my conscience," King boomed.
Throughout the morning and afternoon, civil rights leaders
urged the crowd to restrain from violence. "Hunt a garbage
can if you got a switchblade. If you got a knife, throw it in a
garbage can," a Negro preacher warned.
Speakers complained that the federal government did not send
troops to provide safety for them. "They send them to Viet Nam
but they don't send them here."
"
-
' 1 w " V t X f
t tz.. .1".
THESE INTELLECTUAL AMATEURS will be here March 17
when "Beyond the Fringe" comes to Memorial Hall at 8 p.m.
Tickets go on sale today at 1 p.m. at the GM Information Desk.
of Dallas County Sheriff James
Most had revolvers strapped
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Dr. Martin Luther Kin?
BULLETIN
Three young white men were
beaten last night as they came
out of a restaurant in Selma.
Critically injured was James
Reed of Boston. He was trans
ferred to the University of Ala
bama Hospital, Birmingham.
Less seriously injured were
Charles Olden of San Francisco
and Oloff Miller of Boston. All
had skull injuries.
No arrests had been made
late last night. Witnesses said
the men were assaulted by a
group of white men.
Johnson Hits
Selma Police
For Brutality
WASHINGTON l?uPresident
Johnson, in a statement deplor
ing what he called the brutality
against Alabama Negroes, said
Tuesday the government will
continue to try to "relieve ten
sions and make it possible for
every citizen to vote."
"The best legal talent in the
federal government is engaged
in preparing legislation which
will secure that right for every
American," he said. "I expect
to complete work on my rec
ommendations by this weekend
and shall dispatch a special
message to congress as soon
as the drafting of the legisla
tion is finished."
'Meanwhile Johnson:
1. Directed the Justice De
partment to join in federal
court action to resolve the le
gal issues involved in "the right
of Alabama citizens to walk
from Selma to Montgomery"
and
2. Asked all those in leader
ship positions to "approach this
tense situation with calmness,
reasonableness and respect for
law and order." , .
Johnson issued Tiis statement
after conferring with Demo
cratic congressional leaders.
The leaders had little to say
after the White House meeting.
House Speaker John W. Mc
Cormack, D-Mass., started to
tell reporters that "every effort
is being made to . . ." but he
did not finish.
He simply added:
"There is a profound appre
ciation of the acuteness of the
situation."
Senate Democratic Leader
Mike Mansfield of Montana had
only this to say:
"The President is in touch
with Mr. (Atty. Gen. Nicholas)
Katzenbach and others and is
following developments on an
hour-by-hour basis."
Katzenbach, who noted Mon
day that the federal government
has "a limited authority and a
limited capacity to act" in th
situation, again found himself
the object of sit-in demonstra
tors demanding federal inter
vention. A group of demonstrators who
were forcibly removed from the
Corridor outside Katzenbach's
Justice Department office Mon
day night returned Tuesday
They handed out a statement
morning to resume their vigil,
on the letterhead of the student
ion-violent coordinating com
mittee saying, "We are here to
renew our demand that federal
marshals be sent to Alabama
immediately."
Tuesday's sit-in was a quiet
one. As Frank Smith, a spokes
man, explained, "We did all
that singing and clapping Mon
day because it was after hours
fcnd the offices had closed. We're
not going to make any noise
Tuesday; we're not here to dis
rupt operations or block door
ways. But we're going to stay
here until we get federal pro
tection." Deadline Set
On NSA Trip
April 1 is the deadline for ap
plications for the USNSA Student
Leader Delegation this summer to
Japan, Korea and Hong Kong
from June 7 until July 10.
Six delegates and six alternate
will be selected on the basis cf
knowledge in the area and ability
to communicate and relate.
The delegation wil meet with
Asian students and exchange
ideas and views about questions
of mutual concern.
Further information may be
obtained from NSA coordinator
Neal Jackson in student govern
ment offices of Graham MemoriaL