Friday, April 2, 1965
BTB EdUoriml Page
1 Opinions o the DaiJt Tar HeeZ are expressed in its editorials. Letters and
! columns t covering a wide range of t; fetes, reflect the personal opinions o
B their authors.
00
.oking And Fiscal Health.
n A dispatch from the New York
Times indicates that Empire State resi
dents will not only be smoking less in
the near future; they'll be paying more
for it, too.
An increase of five cents a pack in
the New York state tax on cigarettes
went into effect at midnight, March 31,
boosting the cost per pack to 40 cents,
highest in the nation.
Trade associations forecast a drop of
20 to 30 per cent in New York cigarette
sales, and said that the bootlegging of
cigarettes from New Jersey and Con
necticut, where prices are some 10 cents
a pack lower, would increase corres
pondingly. The State Tax Commission disagreed,
however, saying the new levy would not
be large enough to tempt professional
smugglers. -"If they're -going to try it
at all," a spokesman commented, "they'll
try it from North Carolina, where there
aren't any state taxes on tobacco at all."
The spokesman may be .right, and we
don't doubt Hhat there are some "pro
. f essional" . smugglers . at this moment
busily engaged in concocting air-drops
on the remote reaches of Long Island.
But the real message of the New
York tax goes beyond the cloak-and-nicotine
aspects. The Tax Commission
estimates a return of $110 million a year
from the increase, and that is a sum of
a magnitude not to be taken lightly.
In 1961, Governor; Terry Sanford
went to the people of North Carolina
and told them, regretfully, that new
taxes would be required if the state was
to be able to provide the educational
facilities which its children needed and
deserved Then, demonstrating the; cour
age and for thrightness that enabled him
to spearhead one of North Carolina's
most progressive four-year periods, he
rammed through the legislature the re
instatement of a three per cent tax .on
food which had been discontinueddur
ing the high-income years, at the end of
World War II. In the process he passed
over tempting revenues on cigarettes
and soft drinks, as had every, chief
executive before him. He had reasons;
neither stood the proverbial snowball's
chance - of passage, and neither would
have provided sufficient revenue to fi
nance our educational needs.
That such taxes would have been too
small is 3 problem in mathematics; that
they could not have passed is a prob
lem in reasonable politics. North Caro
lina produces about one-half of the na
tion's supply of cigarettes. The tobacco
industry is one of the second most lucra
tive, after textiles, in the state. Add to
this the thousands of Tar Heel farmers
dependent upon tobacco as their "money
crop," and you have some logical rea
sons why. a tax on cigarettes was, to
some, "out of the question." v
Yet, some of the reasoning thrown
up against tobacco taxes borders on the
fallacious. For example, to say that
North Carolina is a major producer of
cigarettes is not to imply that its citi
zens are major consumers. The ratio of
smokers to non-smokers in the state is
smaller than in many of our neighbors,
even though all of them have tobacco
taxes. The loss in sales which would be
experienced in the state would hardly
have amounted to a drop in the bucket,
yet the revenue from a five-cent tax
would amount to more than $25 mil
lion annually. Yet the force of political
opinion continually forces our legisla
tors t,o sell out to the tobacco interests.
.',..'
The time has come for, a. re-evaluation
of North Carolina's position. With
the cigarette industry in a state of up
heaval, we need- to assess carefully its
future, especially in the light of certain
recent findings within the industry. ;
For example, the Surgeon General's
initial report calling smoking a "hazard
to health" was expected to reduce na
tional consumption drastically. It did,
but only for a few weeks; within a year
sales had soared to all-time peaks.
Further, the Federal Trade Commis
sion is now supporting the labeling of
every package of cigarettes and all to
bacco advertising with a health warning.
This, too, may cut into the cigarette
market, but Americans have an eerie
propensity to look upon warnings as
items to be disregarded.
. If such turns out to be the case, then
North Carolina will be' in the position
of abetting a destructive and hazardous
; industry whose pitfalls Americans
seemingly cannot avoid. Such an indus
try should be congratulated upon - its
hardiness, but it should not be fed by
the hand it bites.
In other words, if New Yorkers will
smoke for 40 cents a pack, and Ameri
cans everywhere will smoke despite
stern warnings to the contrary, it will
soon become patently ridiculous for
North Carolina to prostitute its political
principles. : . v- '
The state should take its cut.- -
A Sinless, Sexless Best Seller
The Raleigh Times
A recently published book is the rage
of Chapel Hill, the university town that
is prolific with authors and ideas.
However, few editions are as popular
as this one and are destined to be more,
of a "best seller" although this volume,
retailing for only 25 cents, has neither
sex nor sin as its sales motive.
Let us retract a bit. The volume does
deal somewhat in sin but the sins are
those of the University professors whose
courses are evaluated by students in
this unique volume which has been four
years in the talking stage but which has,
much to the credit of the university's
1
3
Stfn latlu (Uar w
72 Years of Editorial Freedom
Fred Seely, Hugh Stevens, co-editors; Mike
Yopp, Ernie McCrary, managing editors;
Pete Wales, associate editor; Larry Tarle
ton, sp&rts editor; Fred Thomas, night
editor; Mary Ellison Strother, wire edi
tor; John Greenbacker, Kerry Sipe, Alan
Banov, staff writers; Pete Gammons, asst.
sports editor, Perry McCarty, Pete Cross,
Bill Lee, Tom Ilaney, mparts writers; Jock
Lauterer, photographer, Chip Barnard,
cartoonist; Jack Harrington, bus. mgr.;
Betsy Gray, asst. bus. mgr.; Woody Sobel,
ad. mgr.; Jim Peddicord, asst, ad. mgr.;
Tom Clark, subscription mgr.; John Evans,
circulation mgr.; Dick Baddour, Stuart
Ficklen, Jim Potter, salesmen.
Second Class postage paid at the post office Jo
Chapel Bill, N. C Subscription rates: $.50 per
semester; $3 per year, printed by the Chapel
Cill Publishing Co.. Inc. The Associated Press
la entitled exclusively to the use for republic a
tkm of all local news printed in this newspaper
as well as all AP news cispaumes.
I
I
i
11
Oteracy Test
IsRightiTuff FfK77
"Today?"
By ART BUCHWALD
The New York Herald Tribune
Getting to vote in Bull Whip,
Ala. isn't as easy as one would
think it would be. First, you
have to sneak around a mount
ed sheriffs posse, then fight
your way through a cloud of
state police tear gas and then
you have to leap over a hun
dred cattle prods. And finally,
if you still want to vote in
Bull Whip, you have to regis
ter, and the registration office
in the courthouse is only open
from 11:55 p.m. to midnight on
every sixth Saturday of the
month. The problem is that,
although the registration office
is open , the courthouse is clos
ed, and it's kind of hard to get
i II 1 Til
into me uuuumg.
Even so, Mr. George Aber
nathy, a Negro, manages, much
to the surprise of the registrar,
to get in and asks to register to
vote.
"Fine, George, fine. Ah'd be
glad to register you as soon as
you answer a tew of these here
questions," the registrar says.
Now, first off, what is your
educational background?"
"I was a Rhodes scholar, I
received a B. A. from Colum
bia, a Masters from Harvard,
and a Ph.D; from M. I. T."
"That's just fine, George. Now
let me ask you, this. .Can you
read an' write?"
"I've written three books on
cybernetics, Christian philoso
phy, and 'advanced political the
ory."
."Ah'd appreciate it if you did
not use such big words, George.
If there's anything Ah hate its
an uppity voter."
Abernathy says, "I believe I
have a right to register." .
"Yes, you do George, but I
have to give you this here liter
acy test 'cause we cam't have
ignoramuses voting for our
great governor, George Wal
lace, if you know what Ah
mean. Now, first off, would you
please read something from this
here newspaper? .
"It's in Chinese."
That's right."
Abernathy reads three stor
ies from the Chinese paper. The
registrar is thrown but he does
not want to show it,
"All right, now will you read
the hieroglyphics off this here
Rosetta Stone?" he says.
Mr. Abernathy reads the hier
oglyphics and the registrar be
gins to get nervous. .
"George, here is the consti
tution of Finland, in Finnish.
Would you please interpret the
first 14 articles for me?"
"What has that got to do with
voting in Alabama?" "
"We got to keep, out agitators
and the like. Now,-you going to
take the test or not? ,
Mr, Abernathy interprets, the
14 articles and the registrar, be
comes truly frightened. He tel
ephones the Governor's office
and reports what is happening.
An aid comes back in a few
minutes and says, "The Gov
ernor says to give him part four
of the test." 7
- The registrar goes to his safe
and takes out a clay jar.
"George, there's only one more
thing you're obligated to do for
this here literacy test. 'Would
you be -so -kind, to read for me
any two of these Dead Sea
Scrolls?"
, ' ' ' ""WW ' .
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CAfiPUS.
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Teachers Returning
Eduicational Reform Ahead
SS354iSiiSsMii
student body and the administration, fi
nally emerged in book form.
Seventy courses get the treatment in
"Course Evaluation Booklet," which con
tains information from 3,500 question
naires returned by students who had
previously taken the courses selected by
the Academic Affairs committee for the
analysis. The information from the ques
tionnaires were written in readable form
by a group of journalism students:
. The book should be of considerable
aid to the students as they prepare to
register for next year's courses. Howev
er, some professors may end up with
small classes and others with 'standing
room only as a result of the evaluation
of the courses. '
While some professors may have im
patiently awaited the advent of the book
in order to see their name in print, it
is possible that the candid remarks in
the student appraisals may cause some
to wish the book had been banned com
pletely. On the other hand, the prof
whose course gets the compliments may
store up 'volumes for his grandchildren -and
even send some to relatives on the
west coast.
Whatever the attitude on the part of
the prof essors, the publication is a unk
que one and one which shows the Ad
ministration, in permitting the publica
tion, has considerable respect and con
fidence in Student Government which
sponsored the book. i
But best of ail, it puts a prof on bis
toes. For no doubt some of the teach
ers, after perusing the publication, may
realize that like another UNC man, they
"can't go home again" academically,
that is.
By ROGER EBERT
Collegiate Press Service
The battle-lines by which
the educational debates of the
next few years will be fought
have been established, like rul
es for a game, by the student
protest movements at Berkeley
and Yale.
Suddenly there are two camps
offering criticisms of American
higher education. Almost over
night, so it seems, the critics
of the Right have been met
with' the response of the Left.
And the battle is joined.
There has been a liberal cri
tique of - higher j education, of
course, for years. But the bat
tles fought by Robert Hutchins
in the thirties, or even by Har
old Taylor in the fifties, did
not involve the curious and
complex issues which are being
worried over today. The stud
ents who demonstrated at Ber
keley, and who have protested
the publish - or - perish men
tality at Yale, are making a
fairly sophisticated protest
which cannot be compared to
the broad ideological struggles
which followed John Dewey, his
disciples and opponents.
The first thing to understand
about Berkeley, Yale, and the
dozens, of. smaller, educational
reform movements which have
developed this school year is
Prayer Breakfast
Terribly American
More things are wrought by
prayer than this world ever
dreams of, and if any doubt it,
they should look in on a Pre
sidential Prayer Breakfast. Last
month, the awful power of pray
er summoned thousands of men
and women, the great and the
humble, through the chill dawn
to the Shoreham Hotel in Wash
ington. There, they were segre
gated by sex into adjoining pub
lic rooms and in breakfast and
fellowship.
In government no less than in
trenches, there are no atheists.
Piety is the glue of poltics,
and ho politician passes up the
opportunity to proclaim h i s
faith in a Higher Constituency.
This year's breakfast began
sharply at eight, with the U. S.
Army Chorus rendition of
"Sweet Hour of Prayer," and
the invocation by Lieutenant
General M. H. ; Silverthrone
(USMC, Ret.), another perma
nent fixture at the meetings.
Breakfast consisted of a lavish
succession of delicacies, start
ing with a half - pineapple
wrapped in blue cellophane.
The most moving. speech of
the morning was given by the
Army Chief of Staff, General
Harold K. Johnson, who told of
his personal confrontation with
God in several tight spots in
the Pacific Theater and' dur
ing the Korean War, Finally,
the President gave a sh o r t ,
curiously defensive address.
The year before, in his maiden
appearance as the President of
the Presidential Prayer Break
fast, he had stirred many ima
ginations with a suggestion that
the capital erect a ''monument
of God", alongside those to
Washington, Lincoln, Jefferson
and Robert A. Taft. Perhaps he
felt the sting of cynical jibes,
. . . - TT I
for this year Mr. jonnson
sought to disarm the critics.
For those who could devote
the rest of their morning to fel
lowship, there were seminars
for labor officials, presidents of
collages, editors and publishers,
selected student leaders from
around the country. Some of
them claimed that they had
been misled by Senator. Carl
son's letter of invitation about
the nature and sponsorship of
the breakfast. Joe Persico, stu
dent body president at San
Francisco State College, com
plained that the trip cost the
student organization $401.75 in
expenses. Persico wrote to the
President, "we were told by
Roger Staubach . . . from the
U. S. Naval Academy, 'I feel
sorry for all of you who are
not Christians because
you have no chance of
an afterlife'. General Silvertohrn
told us that 'of course, Christ
said a few oddball things, too,
like the Sermon on the
Mount'." .
It is not likely, of course, that
the students' criticism, which
have some philosophical but no
political force, will succeed m
bringing down the Presidential
Prayer Breakfast, creamed
brains and all. The "move
ment" seems to be gaining.
There are plans for starting sa
tellite breakfasts in more gov
ernment departments, despite
some hestiancy by those who
Uke their religion more subtly
stated or not at all.
"You've got to admit, atter
all " says one foerign diplomat
who had been to the breakfasts
Jot the years, "that there is
something' terribly American
about it."
that they are essentially ex
pressions of student opinion.
Sometimes with confusion, often
inarticulate, but always pain
fully sincere, these students are
addressing themselves to di
lemmas which seem to grow out
of the big modern universities.
. They are not trying to apply a
doctrine from the outside to
their situations.
In their intense concern for
the purposes of a university,
the students are reacting to the
growing pressures on their
schools from outside interests.
They see, or sense, that facul
ty members are encouraged to
place professionalism and ca-.
r e e r i s m ahead of teaching.
They are discouraged by pro
motion policies which punish
the dedicated teacher and re
ward the faculty member who
has "published" no matter
what perhaps while neglect
. iHg his students.
They are also . concerned by
the increasing number of re
search contracts by which the
federal government and private
firms "buy" research from un
iversities.. They see these con
tracts as an interference in the
scholar's freedom to choose his
own lines of investigation, and
they argue. with justice that
to fulfill the contracts faculty
men must neglect their basic
commitment to a university
community.
In an ironic sense, the stud
ents are now calling their su
periors to task. One of the most
embarrassing results of an edu
cational reform protest, to an
administrator, is the inescap
able fact that his students are
demanding that the university
place its proper work first. In
effect, the students are asking
the faculty and administrations
to do their jobs. And the uni
versities beguiled by the lures
of contracts and status from
outside the campus are
brought back to earth with a
jar.
The issue that has now been
presented is a simple one.
Should universities exist as
communities of scholars, con
cerned primarily with the qual
ity and ethic of the education
they offer? Or should they give
undergraduate education a se
cond - class status while win
ning approval in the outside
spheres of government, indus
try, and professional societies?
Most of the conservative ctiri
cism of recent years has come
from spokesmen who contend
the universities are not filling
various needs of the economic,
defense or educational establish
ments. James Conant has held
American education to task for
America's lag in the space
race; Hyman Rickover believes
the schools aren't working the
kids hard enough; William
Buckley wants the universities
to produce confident intellectual
Cold Warriors.
The alternative position
that universities should be in
dependent intellectual commun
ities concerned primarily with"
teaching and scholarship within
an atmosphere of freedom
was not clearly articulated un
til Paul Goodman published his
influential Community of Schol
ars in 1962. Now the vacumn on
the Left has been filled by an
articulate response at Berkeley,
Yale, and elsewhere. Students,
and a surprisingly large num
ber of faculty members, are
calling for a return to the tra
ditional methods and purposes
of university education.
This is a grass roots move
ment; the nature of its protest
has been indicated by the na
ture of the evils it sees in the
big modern universities. The
troops of the educational reform
movement are not inspired by
ideology, or dogma but by the
realities which present themsel
ves in the crisis of mass edu
cation. When the students of Yale and
Berkeley took their stands,
they were protesting a system
of bureaucratic priorities which
places publication above teach
ing, needs above ends, career
ism above vocation. They were
arguing that higher education
in American is on the brink of
moral bankruptcy, and that a
return to traditional education
in America is traditional edu
cational values is the indicated
solution.
The students, for once, are
arguing from the orthodos po
sition. The burden of answer
ing them lies on. the shoulders
and in the consciences of the
administrative establishment.
America's universities are be
ing called for an accounting.
Life, liberty :
Vs. G. Ogre '
The Minnesota Daily 1
(The scene opens in Predesti
nate Johnson's office. Sealed
with him is Guanover G. Ogre
Wallace from the state of a la
Banal. . The . Guanover has
brought three of his most trus
ted aides to the conference. The
Predestinate speaks;)
LBJ: "Gentlemen, bu seat
ed," (The Guanover's aides prod
uce sheets from their attache
cases and slip them over their
heads. Each sheet has KKK
(Knuckle Knave Kids AC) sten
ciled below the peak.
G.' Orge; "Mr. Predistinate.
fhey thought you said 'be
sheeted.' Since this ain't a for
mal occasion. They hope you do
n't mind plain white."
KKKers: "White! White
Just plain White!"
G. Ogre: "Us southerners feel
we're being discriminated on.
All this bad publicity is going
to hurt the cotton festival. Looky
heah at these newspaper pic
tures taken by smar alecky
Yankees. Makes people think
that all the violence goes cn
down South. 'What about these
pictures I got? Like this one of
the po-licg in New York. These
cossacks and this one heah of
the 7th Calvary killin at Little
Bighorn. And this one of the
atomic bomb at Nagasaki. Ev
ver see an atom bomb go off in
Cellma? Bet your life. And who
made that tear gas? Some
Damnyankees out of Dow Che
mical. And those cattle prods?
Got Salem Massachuttcs stam
ped right on em. Right
bovs?"
KKKers: "Right!
Just plain Right!"
LBJ: "Hold on G. Ogre, I'm
from the south too. That's why
I thought we could see eye
ball to eyeball on this. Friend
ly like. All I want is your state
ment for universal suffrage."
G. Ogre: "I'm all for it. Those
people haven't suffered enough.
By Jingo, living in a White
House has brought you around
to our way of thinking."
KKKers: "Never underesti
mate a souther, white prede
stinate!" LBJ: "Boys, I don't think you
understand. What I want you to
do is round up all the negroes
in Cellma . . ."
G. Ogre: "Don't say anoth
er thing. Great minds think
KKKers: "Alike! Alike! Ah
likes the likes of you-all!"
LBJ: "Then march them all
. down to some big open area like
the town square . . ."
KKKers: "The south will
Raze again!"
LBJ: "And then . . ."
G. Ogre: "And then?"
LBJ: "Let them register to
vote."
KKKers: "AGggghh! Betray
al!" , (Suddenly, with a flash of
thunder and a roar of light,
three masked men appear be
hind the Predestinate. The
Knuckle Knaves reel hard back
on their heels.)
LBJ: "These are my three
aides. Life, Liberty and Pursuit
of Happiness."
Life, Liberty & Pursuit: "At
General Election, progress is
our most important product."
And as the curtain rings
down we see Life, Liberty and
Pursuit throwing cold - water
You All cn the plans of the
southern segregationists. Which
proves once again that old
adage from the lips of Sir Thf
mas Bigot: 'Hate makes Wait'.)
Right!
m- a. 4 : i
ft :-. Yt ' Pi 1 i f
Podlish Off Base
On Gas Criticism
Editors, The Tar Heel:
Phillip Podlish's letter to the
Sunday DTH shows an obvious
lack of information and matur
ity. He says only Italy and Ja
pan has used "gaseous elements
in their glorious warring deeds"
since World War. I. Ever read
about what the British used on
Cyprus several years ago Mr.
Podlish?
We haven't read any letters
by Podlish condemning the use
of gas on Negroes in Alabama
so we can only assume the he
is only against using gas on the
Viet Cong and their peasant sup
porters (It's all right to use the
gas as long , as it has no in
ternational repercussions? ).
The United States permitted
use of this gas instead of bul
lets to prevent harm to peasants
being used as shields by the
VC's in U.S. - Viet Cong bat
tles. Should we use bullets in place
of an irritating gas? Such con
cern for the respiratory tracts
of people as opposed to that of
their hearts or brains is some
what perplexing. It is evident
Podlish is either unwilling or
simply incapable of distinguish
ing betwen the United States
noxious and Italy's and Japan's
lethal gases. '
Come down from your castle
in the sky Mr. Podlish. Y o u
make - believe world and your
rebellion against Secretary Mo
Namara and his "stiff - lipped,
pugnacious coterie of computer
tied deputies and his nervous
greedy flock of military hawks
is conspicuously lacking in ma
turity and insight into the ne
cessities of the real world.
We are more inclined to fce
nauseated and to vomit after
reading your "gas" than by any
used by our armed forces.
Frank Kurth
Victor E. Iiuehl
203 Ay cock
Credit Line For
Teddy O'Toole
Editors, The Tar Heel:
I would like to point out that
the name of Teddy O'Toole was
inadvertently omitted from the
Course Evaluation Booklet as
one of the people who wrote up
the final evaluations. As he w5
a dependable worker and an ex
cellent writer, I deeply regret
this omission.
Sherry Stanley
Editor of the Course
Evaluation Booklet