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I r r i i it II ii
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Vol. 81, No. 48
Chapel Hill. North Carolina, Friday. October 27. 1972
Founded February 23. 1893
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United Press International
WASHINGTON - The United States
announced Thursday that a Vietnam
settlement could be signed "within a
matter of weeks or less," ending the
longest and one of the most agonizing
wars in American history.
Dismissing Communist charges of
dangerous stalling, White House advisor
Henry A. Kissinger said Hanoi had been
asked to join in one final negotiating
session to resolve all remaining
differences in the way of an immediate
cease-fire.
The agreement already reached,
disclosed by Hanoi and confirmed by
Kissinger at a news briefing Thursday,
calls for a total U.S. troop withdrawal
and prisoner release within 60 days after
the accord is signed.
President Nixon, in his first comment
Equal to Tet offensive
eavy
United Press International
SAIGON - Despite a possibly
imminent cease-fire, fighting was reported
Thursday in all four South Vietnamese
military corps areas from Quang Tri in
the north to the Mekong Delta in the
south as Communist forces staged their
greatest number of attacks since the 1968
Tet offensive.
The attacks, measured in a 24-hour
period ending Thursday noon, came as
presidential foreign affairs advisor Henry
A. Kissinger told a news conference in
Washington an agreement to end the war
could be signed soon.
A Radio Hanoi broadcast monitored in
Saigon said a cease-fire could be signed
next Tuesday if President Nixon overrode
the objections of South Vietnamese
President Nguyen Van Thieu.
Despite the optimism, the Saigon high
command said Communist attacks
throughout South Vietnam were at their
highest pitch since January and February,
1968.
The command said 1 1 3 shelling and
ground attacks by the Communists were
reported Wednesday and early Thursday.
The previous high since 1968 was 110
attacks , on June 13, two and-a-half
months after the start of the current
eather
TODAY: Cloudy; high in the mid
60s, low in the upper 40s; probability
of precipitation 40 percent today, 70
percent tonight
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Halo
The soft gleam of sunlight can lend beauty to most anything nature produces. Even
a simple dandelion is transformed into a glowing halo of light when one looks at it
from ground level. (Staff photo by Scott Stewart)
on the proposed peace agreement with
North Vietnam, said Thursday night that
he was "confident" the war would be
settled and it would be on terms
providing "peace with honor."
Campaigning in a brief vote foray that
included a stop in Ashland, Kentucky,
Nixon told an airport crowd of about a
thousand welcomers: "I am confident
that we shall succeed in achieving our
objective which is peace with honor and
not peace with surrender in Vietnam." He
said some differences - presumably with
South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van
Thieu - remained to be settled, but he
was sure they could be worked out.
North Vietnam, in breakthrough
concessions October 8 in Paris, dropped
its demand for the overthrow of the
Thieu regime in Saigon in favor of a
three-part coalition government.
attacks reported.
offensive.
Communist ground fire shot down an
American observation helicopter six miles
northwest of Quang Ngai on the central
coast, 318 miles north of Saigon, the U.S.
command said. One American aboard the
chopper was killed and the pilot
wounded.
Around Saigon, Communist troops
temporarily took control Wednesday of
Phuoc Tho hamlet, 40 miles southeast of
the capital. However, the Communists
were forced to retreat by nightfall after
South Vietnamese soldiers killed five,
spokesmen said.
There were no official reports trom
the area 1 5 miles north of Saigon where
Support
United Press International
IOWA CITY, IOWA - Senator George
McGovern urged President Nixon
Thursday to prevent South Vietnam's
government from blocking a nine-point
peace plan worked out between the
United States and North Vietnam.
Responding quickly to the issue that
ultimately could decide his chances for
election, McGovern told University of
Iowa students at a massive outdoor rally
on the campus, "I hope peace will at long
last return" to South Vietnam.
But he added, "I hope in all my heart
President Nixon will not let General
Nguyen Van Thieu stand in the way of
the settlement of this war."
,He said Nixon should tell the South
Vietnamese President "General Thieu,
you are not going to dictate any more
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But it would leave its estimated
145,000 troops standing fast in the
South, subject to later negotiations for
their withdrawal. Hanoi is estimated to
control territory containing only about
two percent of South Vietnam's
population.
"We believe that peace is at hand,"
Kissinger said. "They (the North
Vietnamese) must know now that peace
is in reach within a matter of weeks or
less, dependent on when the meeting
takes place."
Kissinger said there were only "six or
seven very concrete issues th2t . . . can
easily be settled" at a final meeting with
the Communists, at a date and place of
their choosing, before the agreement is
signed.
Although Hanoi did not respond
immediately, U.S. officials said they
Communist forces have been
leap-frogging from hamlet to hamlet since
October 5 in an apparent effort to show
military strength in the capital area.
UPI reporter Matt Franjola said the
Communists took over yet another
hamlet, Binh Lam, 100 miles to the
southeast of Saigon on the lower coast.
Franjola said the Communists told the
villagers not to leave because a "critical
period" was approaching.
The Communists left, however, after
controlling Binh Lam for just seven and
one-half hours. They suffered 41 killed
during fighting, artillery barrages and
airstrikes. Government troops suffered six
dead and 14 wounded, Franjola said.
promised
war for us."
McGovern addressed one of the largest
crowds of his campaign in front of the
old territorial capitol on the Iowa
campus. Campus police estimated the
crowd at 15,000. Students hung from
windows surrounding the square and
perched on upper story ledges, as they
wildly cheered the Democratic
presidential nominee.
The candidate said reports from North
Vietnam, substantially confirmed in
Washington, that an agreement for an end
to the war had been negotiated "seem to
have some substance."
Earlier in Detroit, McGovern told
newsmen he had asked the White House
to fill him in on the secret negotiations.
He said in Detroit he had not had an
opportunity to study Thursday morning's
statement by presidential advisor Henry
A. Kissinger in which Kissinger said the
agreement could be signed "within a
matter of weeks or less."
He said he had asked the White House
to give Paul Warnke, one of his top
foreign policy advisors and former
assistant secretary of defense, a full
briefing on the secret peace negotiations
with North Vietnam.
McGovern said he was still "puzzled
why we had not moved a settlement years
ago." But he said, no matter what
Nixon's motives are, he would support
the settlement even if it comes on the eve
of the election.
eM
Pushes
by Penny Muse
Staff Writer
Dave Drexel is campaigning against waste but not
just environmental waste. Like most candidates, he's
against that, but he's also against human waste.
"My main issue during this campaign has been
teaching ecology not just of our resources, but
especially of our people," the 1 6th district candidate for
the State Senate said. "I'm concerned with people in our
mental and penal institutions. They are neglected and
allowed to decay."
Saying education of the masses and more state funds
are needed to remedy the situation, Drexel pointed out,
"I've seen the dark rooms in places like O'Berry where
children are confined to coffin-like cells."
State money should be used to develop community
colleges and vocational u-aining programs, he argued. "I
have a plan and encouragement from people in industry
who are willing to help."
Basically, Drexel's plan is one in which industry
would furnish heavy machinery for the prison training
program and community college professors would
expect the final negotiating session to be
held within two weeks.
In Saigon, where it was past midnight
on Friday when Kissinger spoke, his
prediction of an imminent settlement was
greeted with surprise and disbelief.
Kissinger's remark that the United States
"will not be deflected from an agreement
when its provisions are right" was taken
by one former Saigon government official
to be a veiled threat at South Vietnam
President Nguyen Van Thieu.
"The Americans are telling Thieu he
has to make peace," this official said.
In Paris, Madame Nguyen Thi Binh,
the chief Viet Cong negotiator, said Thieu
was "the real obstacle to peace" and was
in no position to resist if the United
States wants to sign a peace treaty. "It is
clear that if peace is to be achieved, the
United States must stop backing the
present war-like ruling group in Saigon
and Nguyen Van Thieu must resign," she
said.
Kissinger himself said Saigon's views
"deserve great respect," but he refused to
say under questioning whether the United
States would sign an agreement over
Thieu's refusal.
"I see no point in addressing a
hypothetical question which ... we are
confident will not arise," he said.
Kissinger briefed reporters at the
White House less than 24 hours after
North Vietnam over U.S. objections in
Paris - broadcast the complete terms of a
nine-point agreement on settling the war
and charged that the United States had
broken a promise to sign the agreement in
Paris on Tuesday, October 3 1 .
Kissinger confirmed that such an
agreement had been reached but denied
that the United States was firmly
committed to signing it next Tuesday or
that it was deliberately delaying a
settlement.
"We believe that what remains to be
decided can be settled in one more
negotiating session with the North
Vietnamese negotiators, lasting not more
than three or four days," said President
Nixon's chief foreign policy advisor and
specialemissary to the peace talks. He left
the date and place for the next meeting
up to Hanoi.
Kissinger denied suggestions the war
could have been settled much earlier. He
said the "breakthrough" came only last
October 8 in Paris, when the Communists
agreed for the first time to a military
settlement not tied directly to a political
agreement.
Another
hour of
freedom?
Eastern Daylight Sayings Time ends at
2 a.m. Sunday morning. All women
students living in residence halls who do
not have self-limiting hours are to be in
thei- .;s under lock and key at that
ti- A
Trose women students will then be
ae to watch "the authorities" turn the
clocks back one hour as Eastern Standard
Time (as opposed to Eastern Daylight)
goes into effect.
It will then be 1 a.m. again. But, wait.
Don't think you can go back outside.
Because you won't be able to. "The
authorities" won't let you. Tut. Tut.
aims tor
environment, human
instruct prisoners in night-time programs.
"I know prisoners would like it because I've
conducted a personal experiment in my home county,
Moore, with one inmate," Drexel said.
Environmental waste also bothers the Republican
candidate, who is a member of the Moore County
Environmental Protection Council. He believes the
answer to the problem is not always found on the
national or state level, but often on the local level.
"Sure, we've got to enforce the laws on the books," he
commented. "But we've also got to stop thinking big.
Some of these problems can be best handled at their
local level by local environmental commissions. This is
your chance for change; your chance to fight waste and
misuse of energy," Drexel tells his audiences.
His money for financing his projects will come from
"making more people productive. I believe more people
should pay taxes and not the same people pay more
taxes," he said.
Two sectors of the population have a right to be
dissatisfied, Drexel continued. "The young people and
the wage earners are justified in believing no one has
listened to them. They need a spokesman who isn't so
close to the forest that he can't see the trees."
Peace agreement terms
A ceasefire throughout South Vietnam to go into effect 24 hours after the
agreement is signed. The understanding in Washington was that troops of South
Vietnam, North Vietnam and the Viet Cong would stand fast in positions held at
the time.
O The United States would halt all military activities, including bombing and
mining of North Vietnam. There would be a total withdrawal of US. and allied
foiCda, including military advisors, from South Vietnam within 60 days, to be
accompanied by release of all prisoners of war.
Neither side would ship troops or military equipment into South Vietnam,
except for replacement of worn-out or damaged war supplies. U.S. officials said the
agreement would not affect U.S. air bases in neighboring Thailand, or naval forces
off the Vietnam coast
O An "administrative structure" called the National Council of National
Reconciliation and Concord made up of government and neutralist elements would
be formed to "promote the implementation" of signed agreements between the
Viet Cong and the Saigon government and to organize general elections under
international supervision.
"The United States is not committed to any political tendency or to any
personality in South Vietnam, and it does not seek to impose a pro-American
regime in Saigon." The two sides in South Vietnam will decide the question of the
estimated 145,000 North Vietnamese troops remaining in the south, free of foreign
interference, and will attempt to sign an agreement on this and other internal
matters within three months after the ceasefire.
'The reunification of Vietnam shall be carried out step by step through
peaceful means."
Formation of a four-party joint military commission, a joint military
commission of the two South Vietnamese parties, and within 30 days of signing of
an agreement an "international commission of control and supervision and an
international guarantee conference on Vietnam."
The United States, North and South Vietnam and the Viet Cong would
"undertake to refrain from using the territories of Laos and Cambodia to encroach
on the sovereignty of other countries." All foreign troops would withdraw from
Laos and Cambodia, which "shall settle their own affairs."
SCOS Bike-A-Thon
more than pedalin;
by David K linger
Staff Writer
With less than three days left before
the ECOS Bike-A-Thon, Watson Morris,
executive director of the regional
environmental organization, has outlined
some of the more important aspects the
organization is trying to emphasize in
Sunday's 22-mOe bike ride.
The race starts at 9 a.m. and continues
all day. Main check points are on
Franklin Street across from the Post
Office and the Duke Bell Tower.
The purposes of the Bike-A-Thon
include:
To publicize the environmental
advantages of bicycling as an alternative
to the automobile;
to publicize the need for more and
better facilities for safe and enjoyable
cycling;
to introdu-ce cyclists to
opportunities for recreational cycling in
the countryside surrounding Chapel Hill
and Durham, and
to raise funds for ECOS, Inc., the
North Carolina Heart Association and the
National Tuberculosis and Respiratory
Disease Association.
The Bike-A-Thon will be patterned
after many similar fund-raising events in
the pst in which entrants obtain sponsors
in advance of the ride and raise a
particular amount of money for each mile
they complete.
Morris expects the Bike-A-Thon will
attract considerable support from the
UNC and Duke student communities. He
said the event is receiving support from
members of the Chapel Hill Bike Club,
State
many of whom plan to participate in the
ride.
In discussing the advantages of bicycle
transportation, Morris, who commutes to
the ECOS office in the Student Union
every morning by bicycle, stated, "The
bicycle is practically a perfect blend of
technology and environmental
advantages." He cited recent figures that
indicate approximately 50 percent of the
land area in most major cities is devoted
in some way to the automobile - either
in the form of roads, parking lots, garages
or service stations.
According to Morris, the transportati
problem remains one of this country '?
most formidable environmental
questions. He advocates complete
restructuring of the total transportation
system.
As individual solutions that would
help to ease some of the most pressing
aspects of the transportation crisis, Morris
continued, "We're going to have to go
back to trains for transportation over 200
miles, and buses for trips around town
and up to 200 miles. F would also like to
see cycle commuting. Students are doing
this now."
Morris onngs a unique viewpoint to his
subject, for he has been a resident in
Chapel Hill either as a UNC student or as
an official with ECOS for almost a
decade.
He sold his automobile last April and
turned instead to his bicycle because, in
his words, "I realized it was theoretically
possible to get along without a car in
Chapel Hill." Morris has since calculated
that operation of his car cost him more
than $800 each year.
enalte
ecology
0 17
A lifelong Republican, Drexel said his membership in
the Republican party is the only way "to turn around
the course of events in the state and establish dialogue.
"We need a two-party system in this state," he
maintains.
There is no joint campaign effort between Drexel and
the other Republican candidate, P.H. Craig. Drexel said,
"We are both running our own campaigns."
Although he says he is merely campaigning for one of
two seats and not against the Democratic incumbent,
Bill Saunders, Drexel said, "Mr. Saunders hasn't had a
new idea in 20 years."
As for the other Democratic candidate, Orange
County lawyer A.B. Coleman, Drexel commented, "I've
seen quite a bit of Lonnie. I like him as a person and
could work with him as a legislator."
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