v m a m m w TV T m tf mTmr H,C-S
The world the slaves made.
mmlb for
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N
by Larry Shore ' .
DTH Critic
Rofr Eugww Gcnortw. Parvttwon few. ,
Iditor's note: Roll, Jordan, -Roll was
nominated jor the 1975 National Book
Award in History. Yesterday it was
announced in New York that The Ordeal of
Thomas Hutchinson, a biographical study'
by Harvard projessor Bernard Bailyn, had'
won the award.
Historians usually find what they want to
find. Historical scholarship concerning
slavery in the Old South is a perfect example
o( this rule. U. B. Phillips, a racist, depicted
slavery as a benevolent, unprofitable
institution maintained for the benefit of the
slaves. Kenneth Stampp's neoabolitionist
tendencies pervade his work and bind him to
' Genovese9 s achievement lies not so much
in examining new sources, but in looking at
old sources from a new perspective that
of the slaves'.
the development of a distinctive Afro
American culture during and after the slave
regime. Stanley Elkins, (in Slavery), was
strongly influenced by the concentration
camps of Hitlerite Germany, and determined
that the North American slave institution
iniantilized its victims, creating the Sambo
figure.
In 1974 two important new studies of
slavery were published, Fogel & Engelman's
Time oj the Cross and Eugene Genovese's
Roil, Jordan. Roll. Both books promote the
ideology of black self-assertion, but Time on
ihe Cross is a deeply flawed work, while
Genovese's product despite significant flaws;
is a masterpiece of historical scholarship.
Fogel and Engerman are climetricians; they
use sophisticated mathematical models and
computer techniques to "prove that slaves
internalized the Protestant workethic and'
that the spirit of capitalism prevaded the
slave institution. The eminent C. Vann
Woodward was dazzled by the nifty
coefficients; however, recent reviewers such
as Herbert Gutman and David Brion Davis
have exposed Time on the Cross for the
pretentious failure that it is.
No kids, please
The Carolina Choir and Women's Glee
Club will present "Testament of Freedom, a
program anticipating the bicentennial
Icelebration, today at 8 p.m. in Hill Hall
auditorium. AdmissfohTs Tree. " " ' ;
Because the program will be recorded for.a
commemorative album, Dr. Lara G.
Hoggard, director of the Carolina Choir, has
requested that parents leave young children
at home. Past concerts have had to compete
with infants crying, children in the aisles and
children locking themselves out of the
auditorium, Hoggard told the DTH
Monday.
"Because the concert will be commercially
recorded, small children will not be
admitted, Hoggard said.
M M
Hoogsnssis
Th Vermont Institute an
nounces NOOGENESIS July
6 August 29 at Kingsland Bay on
Lake Champlain. An experience in
bio-feedback, psychic healing,
bio-energetics, aura-balancing,
gestalt, t'ai chi, Jungian & Neo
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ter integration of the mind-body-spirit
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Up to 12 credits available. Write or
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r' Box 2287
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In contrast, Genovese presents a
perceptive analysis of the quality of life of
slaves and masters, wjiich largely defies
measurement. Utilizing diaries, plantation
records, WPA interviews of former slaves,
economic data and an incredible number of
primary and secondary sources, Genovese
convincingly destroys innumerable myths
and-stereotypes. Sambo, in particular, is
crushed and replaced by a strong, self-'
assertive slave male, who is' supported by
strong slave women, and utilizes "weapons
of cultural defense" in order to maintain his
humanity under a regime that severely
minimized the possibilities of "frontal
assault. And, Genovese asserts the primacy
ot religion as a weapon of defense: The
slaves religion developed into the organizing
center of their resistance within
accomodation; it reflected the hegemony of
the master class but also set firm limits to
that hegemony.
Genovese's achievement lies not so much
in examining new sources, but in looking at
old sources from a new perspective that of
the slaves. This perspective enables
Genovese to depict the slave community in
all of its complexities. The central thesis of
Roll. Jordan. Roll is that paternalism, the
mode of social relations on which the slave
institution was based, "implicitly recognized
the slaves' humanity" through its "insistance
upon mutual obligations." Genovese
contends that the slaves accomodation to
paternalism did not constitute an acceptance
of slavery: "By developing a sense of moral
worth and by asserting rights, the slaves
transformed their acquiescence in
paternalism into a rejection of slavery itself,
although their masters, assumed
acquiescence in the one to demonstrate
acquiescence in the other." Thus, the slave
holder's regime was sustained "despite the
deep antagonisms it engendered."
Genovese's interpretation of the slave
institution depends greatly upon his
discussion of slave religion. Genovese argues
that the development of a distinctive "black"
Christianity ("a religion within a religion") in
the slave community was an essential
element in the development of a
"protonational identification" among blacks
("a nation within a nation"). Genovese
argues that because of the nature of their
x resistance to' slavery, Afro-Americans are
not merely another "ethnic component in a
variegated American nationality," but that
they contribute to and absorb American
national culture while remaining "apart
LATE COURSE CHANGES
for the
Curriculum in Peace,
War & Defense:
History 77 now offered as
History 76:
"Revolutionary and Civil Wars."
Fall term, 12:00 MWF
History 77:
"World War I and World War II"
Spring term.
History 90-4:
"Japan and the Coming of the
Great Pacific War, 1920-45."
Fall term, 2:00 T.
Further information, Hamilton
401 or 933-3093.
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from it on some important levels." This
argument is weakened because Genovese
fails to discuss black culture after
emancipation.
Roll. Jordan. Roll, is by no means (and
Genovese admits as much) the definitive
work on slavery. The book does not contain
a narrative line, and Genovese's focus is on
the 1830-1860 period; as a result, the reader
has no sense of the evolution of a system. All
too often Genovese generalizes about "most
slaves," and the diversity of the institution is
thereby blurred. His statements concerning
the distinctiveness of "black relition" are
questioned by scholars such as David
Donald and Grady McWhiney.
Furthermore, in pushing the ideology of
black self-assertion Genovese approaches
inverse racism. McWhiney is correct when
he asserts that the book "is overburdened
with unsupported hypotheses and
pretentious philosophizing" (e.g. Genovese's
statements concerning the white South as a
"guilt culture" and the black South as a
"shame culture").
Despite these significant flaws, Roll.
Jordan. Roll is an important contribution to
slave historiography and should be read.
Genovese treats slaves as human beings
instead of capitalist robots. His work,
especially on religion, deserves careful
scrutiny by both scholars and laymen. And,
if Genovese's rhetoric occasionally catapults
him into untenable positions, the essential
contribution of his scholarship the
illumination of the double-edged sword of
paternalism should not be overlooked.
Nutrition course available
A course in human nutrition, which focuses on the functions and sources of man's
food, is available for undergraduate non-science majors interested in basic
nutrition, according to Dr. J.J.B. Anderson of the School of Public Health.
The appearance of a petition during the Survival Symposium asking for a course
in human nutrition brought the need for an announcement of the course to Dr.
Anderson.
In addition to Nutrition 50 Introduction to Human Nutrition), Nutrition 100
Food and Man) and Nutrition 140 Reading in Nutrition) are available.
Permission of the instructor is required for the courses. .
m
51
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Cm. On m Utmr '
Hong
gliding
at
Jockeys
Ridge
-v ,. . . -
Photo by Mark Armstrong
Hang gliders defy supersonic age
by Liz Skillew
Staff Writer
Wings slap the air and suddenly the hot
sand is no longer beneath your feet. You're
up and free to soar with the seagulls. Most
gulls, however, won't keep company with an
18-foot glider.
In these supersonic days, some men and
women still seek to grow wings and sail
smoothly through the air. Mark Armstrong,
a senior Geology major, is one of them.
"When 1 was a kid," he said, "1 always
(6XHJ Bsraags
in life.
Bottling Co.
wanted to fly like a bird. Hang gliding is the
closest thing to it."
In January, Armstrong, after one lesson,
went up for the first time. It wasn't too long
until he had his own glider. Then friend and
Iraternity brother Tom Cox got interested.
"I've been up 40 times," Cox said. "It's
great." Cox, a sophomore, now has his own
glider, and on nice weekends the two of them
take off for the nearest head wind.
Hang gliding isn't a difficult sport, but it
does require a general knowledge of wind
directions and speeds, as well as proper body
positions during flight. Takeoff speed, for
instance, is 20 mph, which is usually
achieved by running down a hill or sand
dune. Flight time is limited and the average
gliding speed is only 25 mph, but flyers can
soar as high as they wish.
The record time at Jockey's Ridge is 13
minutes and 20 seconds. "The longest I've
ever been up is about one minute,"
Armstrong said.
"That doesn't sound like a very longtime,"
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Cox explained, "but when you're up there, it
sure doesn't seem short."
Gliding requires little equipment just a
helmet, harness and kite. The price of a
Rogallo-design glider, however, demands
dedication. "They run about five to seven
hundred dollars," Armstrong said. "The best
thing is to get a used one." Mark's kite was
the first one to fly off Grandfather
Mountain.
Which brings to mind the question of
salety. How dangerous is hang gliding?
"It's relatively safe," Armstrong
explained, "if you think about safety -make
sure your equipment is sound and in good
repair."
"And if you remember not to get
overconfident," Cox added.
"The idea," Mark continued, "is not to get
any higher than you care to fall."
Nevertheless, there are times when gliding
gets sticky. Power lines, ski lifts and high
clills have killed many. FAA regulation of
the sport is being considered.
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