Calif ano launches campaign
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Thursday. January 12, 1978 The Daily Tar Heel 3
From United Press International
WASHINGTON - Department of
Health, Education and Welfare Secretary
Joseph Califano Wednesday launched a
federal crusade to make America kick the
smoking habit through public education and
possible nicotine taxes.
"People who smoke are committing slow
motion suicide" said Califano, a reformed
three-pack-a-day smoker.
Citing a dramatic increase in smoking
among youngsters despite the widely
advertised health hazards, he pledged to
raise the alarm on radio and television, in the
schoolrooms, in Congress and wherever the
influence of HEW can reach.
None of his proposals, however,
challenged the federal program of tobacco
price supports, and an Agriculture
Department spokesperson indicated that
that politically sensitive area is out of
bounds.
Park agrees to testify
SEOUL, South Korea Millionaire rice
dealer Tongsun Park, saying he promised his
worried mother to do his "level best" to
cooperate with U.S. prosecutors,. 'agreed
Wednesday to be questioned about the
Capitol Hill scandal.
But the agreement bars the prosecutors
from questioning Park about his alleged
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news briefs
Sinai still in dispute
CAIRO, Egypt Israel Wednesday
insisted on keeping Jewish settlements in
Sinai and proposed open borders with Egypt
as part of a peace pact between two nations
"weary of war. . . who have been living side
by side for 4,000 years."
Egypt demanded toial evacuation of
Sinai, including abandoning settlements.
Gen. Mohammed Gamassy of Egypt and
Israeli Defense Minister Ezer Weizman were
addressing the opening 90-minute session of
a 16-manjoint military committee which met
to discuss the military aspects of Egyptian
Israeli peace.
Cosmonauts link up
MOSCOW The Soyuz 27 cosmonauts
linked up with the Salyut 6 space station
Wednesday, joining two other cosmonauts
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Joseph Califano
already there for an historic rendezvous in
space.
Western observers said they believed the
double-docking was the start of a Soviet
effort to keep an orbiting space station
continuously manned for periods of up to
one year.
The Soviet news agency Tass
announced that Soyuz 27 cosmonauts Lt.
Col. Vladimir Janibekov and Oleg Makarov
successfully completed history's first double
docking with an orbiting space station at
9:06 a.m. est.
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TV and
By ELIZABETH MESS1CK
Staff Writer
If a child sees a woman performing a
traditionally male task, he may think that the
woman is no longer able to do what he
considers "women's work."
A child finds a practical joke on television
funnier if it backfires than if it is carried
through as planned.
A child judges a character as being better if
the outcome of a situation was good rather
than bad, regardless of what the character's
intentions may have been.
These are among the findings of a study
recently completed by the department of
psychology for ABC-TV. The study was
planned and organized by Vaida Thompson,
associate professor of psychology. It was
headed by Thompson and Andrea Sedlak,
an assistant psychology professor.
"We were studying effects of television on
children," Sedlak said. "The point was that
there is too much emphasis on violence. We
won't understand the effect of violence on
children until we understand what children
understand on television."
Four studies were done within the last year
to determine how children understand what
they see on television. The experimenters
made videotape sequences to be used in three
of the experiments. The fourth experiment
used a Batman episode filmed in the '60s.
In the first experiment, children were
shown four similar sequences. In two of the
sequences, one actress pretended to be
helpful although she actually had malicious
intentions. In the other two. the actress tried
to be helpful. Twice the outcome
accidentally turned out to be opposite of
what the actress had planned.
The children evaluated the actress as being
better if she actually had helped make the
situation turn out well, regardless of whether
she had planned to help.
Another experiment showed an actor
setting up a practical joke. In all three
sequences, the actor placed a bucket of water
above the door.
"If the actor intends a practical joke and
the joke succeeded or misfired, it w as not as
funny as when it boomeranged. It was funny
when the joke turned out as planned, funnier
when it happened to the wrong person and
funniest when it backfired," Sedlak said.
The experiment that studied children's
interpretation of situations in which actors
played traditional or untraditional sex roles
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Group studies effects
has the most findings, Sedlak said. One
experimenter. Charles Teddlie, is writing his
dissertation on an extension of that
experiment, she said.
Children were shown films in which male
and female actors performed traditionally
male tasks or traditionally female tasks. II a
child saw a consistent situation one in
which the actor performed a task traditional
to his sex he believed that the actor could
do other things traditionally stereotyped as
tasks for that sex.
sequence. The purpose of this study was to
determine whether children could connect
what they saw before and after the
interruption. The sequences were broken by
an advertisement, a stand-by sign or
irrelevant film.
"It's not clear why we have the results we
have," Sedlak said. "The younger girls make
a belter connection in understanding if the
sequence is interrupted by an advertisement
or stand-by sign.
"We suspect they can't stop paying
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But if the actor was in an inconsistent
situation "something interesting happened,"
Sedlak said. "Instead of viewing the actor as
more well-rounded, they viewed him as
fitting into the other slot. Children did not
see the actors as exceptions to the stereotype
but as fitting into other stereotypes."
The study which resulted in the least
conclusions involved three interrupted and
one uninterrupted 25-minutc Batman
attention and can't put together what they
sec when the sequence is uninterrupted," she
said. " The results are intriguing because the
reason for them isn't clear."
The first report from the experiment was
written in August, but the psychologist who
conducted the experiments still are
analyzing the data. All results are subject to
change after future research and analysis.
Former N. Y. congresswoman
Abzug tospeak at AWS festival
Former congresswoman Bella S.
Abzug will come to UNC Jan. 27 as
keynote speaker for the Women's
Festival sponsored by the Association
for Women Students.
Abzug, whose large floppy hats
became a familiar sight in the halls of the
Capitol after her election as a U.S.
representative from New York in 1970,
recently served as chairperson of the
International Women's Year
Convention in Houston.
She is a recently defeated candidate
for the mayoralty of New York City and
now is seeking the congressional scat
vacated by recently elected Mayor
Edward Koch.
"Since we began planning the festival,
we've wanted Bella to be the keynote
speaker," said J. Sharpc, chairperson of
the festival committee.
Convincing Abzug to leave New York
City for two days in the midst of
campaigning for the February election
wasn't easy, however. Sharpe and AWS
Chairperson Betty Aushcrman said.
"We're happy that she finally
confirmed," Aushcrman said.
"We feel that if anyone knows where
the women's movement is going, Bella
does because of her involvement with
the convention," Aushcrman said. "We
feel she's had a chance to think about
where the movement's headed,
that's the theme of our festival."
and
The festival is scheduled for Jan. 22
through 29. Events include a pro-ERA
rally, a photography exhibit, dance and
poetry performances, films, panel
discussions, speeches and a mini
marathon. Speakers include jazz pianist and
composer Mary Lou Williams; the Rev.
Ellen Barrett, an Episcopal priest, and
author Joanne Mauldin, who is trying
to get the International Olympic
Committee to allow women to compete
in their own Olympic marathon.
Alderman wants S. Bell to pay
Continued from page 1.
Mike Carson, Chapel Hill district manager for
Southern Bell, said that his company "cannot,
however, in good conscience or under utility
regulation in this state, make voluntary payment
for taxes for which it has no legal obligation."
pting contends, though, that it is not unlawful
to make such a payment.
"It would be considered an act of good
corporation citizenship," F ptmg said.
f pting also said that Southern Bell receives city
services such as fire and police protection even
though it has not payed the taxes for these service.,
because of the tax loophole.
l pling admitted, however, that the matter is
still under investigation, and many questions still
need to be answered before he will petition the
utilities commission.
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