1
Magazine review
The fall issue of the Carolina
Quarterly is reviewed by Jere
Link on page 5.
Serving the students and the University community since 1 893
Volume 63, Issue No. 4 lf
Thursday, September 28, 1978, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Please call us: 933-0245
Ale.
71
inieiiiisinni
Getting cloudy )
It wiil be partly cloudy and
mild today with the high in
the mid 70s and the low in the
lower 50s. Chance of rain is
20 percent through tonight.
Limt ?jil rr!
University research establishes link bSp, heredity, drinking problems
C-.-... . I: fcz t " . - . - :.-
By VIKKI BROUGHTON
Staff Writer
If one of your parents is an alcoholic, you have a good
chance of being an alcoholic yourself, according to the
director of the Center for Alcohol Studies at UNC.
"We have evidence that alcoholism runs in families and
that it is a genetically distributed pattern." says Dr. John A.
Ewing, a professor in the Department of Psychiatry. "There
are characteristics that predispose some people to be
alcoholics.
"Eleven out of 12 people who drink have no trouble with
alcohol. One out of 12 is an alcoholic," says Ewing, co-editor
of a recently published book, Drinking: Alcohol in
American Society, Issues and Current Research.
Ewing and several associates at the center have been doing
studies for the past five years concerning! the relationship
between an enzyme in the blood, dopamine peta-hyaroxyiase
(DBH), and drinking behavior. S f.: I
"Levels of DBH are hereditary and we have seen a
correlation between the effects of alcohol and the leverof
DBH," says Ewing, who recently gave a speech M Warsaw
Poland, about alcohol and 'drug dependence, v" -f :n
Some of the studies, in which a majority of the subjects
were UNC students, have shown that people with a high
DBH level experience euphbria front drinking. They enjoy
drinking and drink more hevjly. But Ewing says there are no
safe drugs humans can tak; to reduce their DBH levels! V
People with low levelsi pf DBH aend to experience
dysphoria as well as nausea, dizziness and headaches. They
also feel drunk more quickly and tend to. drink less.-
In one of the studies at the center, a group of students was
yitedJto astientific cocktail party" and allowed to drink
. uuiFssufcwu or me enure evening. When the researchers
-:Jooked-at the group in terms of DBH levels, they found
i .-Students above the mean level had drunk twice as much as
those below the mean. , .5 ."1 '.
fT2f l wouidrft say our DBHstudies are.conclusive. It's just
ffn on&Jiny piece of the jigtTaV purzletf isfairly conclusive,
-i however, that there is sbme. genetic factor in "alcoholism,"
, Ewlrtgiays.:;.. h I VvJ- ; '
1 .'Zi Researched in Dejnmerk also -Have, dorp: studies relating'
alcoholism with heijedltify actorsarid Wve found that
; adopted children born to alcoholic" par,pts showed a
' significantly greater prob.it Ility of having risking problems
and alcoholism, eve though the io!o :.il parents did not
. raise the children,,' w
"Of coursersome abstainers of alcohol have alcoholic
parents," Ewing says. "Seeing how alcohol affected their
parents was enough to keep them from drinking.
The research on hereditary or constitutional factors is only
part of the study of alcoholism. Other research concerns
sociocultural and psychological factors which can either
cause a person to drink excessively or reduce his or her
drinking. :
Sociocultural factors are important to the study of
j- alcoholism in terms of social class and peer influence.
In one of EwingY studies with male undergraduates at
. UNC. he found the heaviest drinking occurred among those
students belonging to an upper social class. He said this
correlation also indicates an economic factor in alcoholism
, because those students from an upper social class had more
money to spend and they spent it on alcohol.
1 See ALCOHOLISM on page 3
f3
Student-loan defaults
By MARK MURRELL
StafT Writer
Federal and state education agencies have begun a
nationwide crackdown on college students who have
defaulted on federally insured post-secondary
educational loans, officials said Wednesday.
"What this amounts to is a redoubling of effort "said
Maurice Tansey of the U.S. Department of Health,
Education and Welfare claims and collections division
in Washington.
HEW officials have added more than 100 collection
agents to Tansey's staff to aid in the nationwide search
for defaulters, he said.
"We are also checking the federal payroll to see if any
of these students are now working for the federal
government," said Leo Paszkiewicz, assistant director of
quality assurance in the U.S. Bureau of Financial
Assistance.
He said defaulters are being billed regularly under a
more systematic collection procedure. Management
techniques are being improved to help track students
who have defaulted on the loans.
The bureau is encouraging state agencies to reduce
default rates on state loans by increasing the number of
federally reinsured programs made available to state
agencies, Paszkiewicz said. ,
Government records indicate almost 440,000
defaulted student loan accounts remain outstanding,
Paszkiewicz said. The average amount of each account is
$1 1,036, he said.
North Carolina's annual default rate is 3.2 percent,
compared to a national rate of 13 percent, said Stan
Broadway, executive director of the N.C. Educational
Assistance Authority. He said an average of 12 of every
13 students in North Carolina repay their loans.
Broadway said the national statistics may be skewed
slightly by regions having unusually high default rates.
such as Washington, where one out ol three loans
accounts end in default.
College Foundation Inc.. the primary lender for
North Carolina students, is actively pursuing students
who have defaulted on loans. Broadway said.
Foundation officials meet annually with all borrowers to
make sure the obligations toward payment of the loans
are known. . "
According to Broadway's figures. $53 million has
been made available for student loans in North Carolina
and $2.9 million in loans were defaulted! But $2.5
million in the defaulted accounts has been recovered, he
said. .
"It's a bad choice." said Broad way ol some students
decisions to default on a loan. "Not only does the student
endanger, his credit rating, but he also endangers the
opportunities of succeeding students to get a loan."
A
UNC water sewage rates mdysincriease-
By CAROL CARNEVALE
Staff Writer
UNC may pay nearly $200,000 more
per year for water and sewer if the Orange
Water and Sewer Authority adopts
proposed rate changes.
OWASA will hold a public hearing at
7:30 p.m. today at the Carrboro Town
Hall to discuss the changes proposed by
consultants Camp Dresser & McKee Inc.
of Boston, Mass.
The nine-member OWASA board of
directors will make the final decision on
rates sometime after the hearing, Robert
Epting, OWASA board member, said.
The University can call in consultants
to review the rates, but cannot refuse to
pay them, Epting said. The -board
member said he expectes the proposed
rates to be approved with few changes.
Almost one-fourth of the University's
total water and sewer bill is attibutable to
dorms, Alan Ward, UNC assistant
director for business affairs, said. Last
year, about $7.50 from residence hall rent
per semester went toward water and
sewer, Ward estimated.
Charles C. Antle Jr., assistant to the
vice cKetCrrsaid fie'doei' not ihink" a
water and sewer rate hike would increase
dorm rent.
Apartment dwellers who receive
OWASA service may pay rent increases.
Louis R. Bobbitt, general manager of.
R.A. Properties, said the rate increase
could affect tenants without leases. R.A.
An analysis
Properties owns Kingswood, Royal
Park, Yum Yum and Booker Creek
apartments, all of Which are supplied by
OWASA.
OWASA has about 9,000 accounts in
Orange County, including more than300
UNC accounts. The University consumes
almost one-third of OWASA's total
water distribution, OWASA Executive
Director Everett Billingsley said.
UNC will have to ask the North
Carolina General Assembly for
additional mpney,tp pay bills if OWASA
adopts the rate changes. Jerry Fisher.
PEF helps students get
experience, : summer jobs
By KATHY MORRILL
Staff Writer
i
Do you have a hard time finding
internships or summer jobs?
Did you know you could design you
own? , .
"Any person can create his own
internship to fit his needs and goals, and
we can help him either design it of find
one already available," said Ruth
Bernstein, chief administrator of the Pre
career Experience Program.
The purpose of PEP, a program of the
University Counseling Center, is to help
students get direct, first-hand exposure to
their chosen fields through internships,
volunteer experiences and summer jobs.
Some of PEP's services include weekly
orientation meetings throughout the fall
semester, information on internships and
summer jobs, across the United States,
and on-campus interviews for short-term
work.
"So many students don't realize our
service is here," said Penny Rue,
counselor for career development and
Experiential learning. "PEP , is so
valuable. Internships are a good way to
pull your education together and give it
meaning."
The - PEP service is open to all
undergraduate and graduate students at
UNC.
"Any student, in any field and at any
level in college can find an internship,"
Bernstein said.
Students interested in the PEP
program should come to an orientation
meeting, the counselors said. At the
meeting, they will learn about the benefits
and possibilities of the program and will
be given an Outline explaining how to
apply for an internship.
Students also will be put on the mailing
list to receive the PEP newsletter, which
comes out about twice a month. It lists
recent internships and job openings,
programs on job-seeking, resume
writing, career ideas and information on
upcoming on-campus interviews with
prospective employers. , ''
Orientation meetings usually are held
twice a week throughout the fall semester.
Schedules for the meetings are available
at the reception desk at the UCC office in
Nash Hall and are listed every week in the
Daily Tar Heel Campus Calendar.
"Students shouldn't wait until the
spring to investigate PEP's services,"
Bernstein said, "because most of the
application deadlines for summer jobs
and internships fall between January and
March." . .
Through internships, PEP offers the
following benefits to students:
Clarification of career goals and
interests!
Opportunity to work with
professionals and gain confidence in a job
setting.
Chance to use classroom knowledge
to develop creative approaches to real life
situations.
Chance to gain experience that will
help a student to get a job later.
Instruction on how to write resumes
and prepare for interviews.
Clarification and discovery of work
values. ,
Opportunity to find out if the student
has chosen the right field.
Chance to earn money or academic
credit through the University.
Opportunity for a student to increase
his chances of being permanently hired by
"the organization in which he is interested.
See CAREER on page 4
UNO' director of reports and cost
analysis, said : he does not foresee
needed, because water and sewer are high
priority items. 1
The present rate, structure for both
University and non-University water
accounts is a declining block rate which
starts at $1.20 per 1,000 gallons for the
first 50,000 gallons, up to 35 cents per
1,000 gallons over 500,000 gallons.
UNC accounts and non-University
accounts now pay different sewer rates.
UNC pays $3.45 for the first 3,000 gallons
and then 63 cents for all additional
gallons. Other sewer customes pay $1.15.
per 1,000 gallons, with a $3.45 minimum
monthly charge.
, OWASA adopted the current rates
when it bought out University service in
February 1977.
The water rates proposed by Camp
Dresser & McKee are monthly water
service charges and a commodity charge
of 79 cents per 1 ,000 gallons of water with
a surcharge of another 54 cents per 1 ,000
gallons during the months of Julv
through October when consuption is
i ncreased. Xy.-'i-. v -. ., ' " v -' ' ' '
The seasonal "surcharge, if adopted,
will take effect in fiscal year 1980. Most
other rates and charges, if adopted, will
take effect Dec. I. 1978.-
The proposed water service charge for
the average home is $3.33 per month.
The University would pay about
$30,000 annually in water-service
charges, based on the most recent
OWASA data.
' The sewer rates proposed by Camp
Dresser & McKee consist of a monthly
service charge of $ 1 .88 and a commodity
charge of. 79 cents per 1,000 gallons for
University accounts and $1.13 for non-
University accounts.
UNC sewer rates are lower because
OWASA did not assume any debts from
the University system as it did from
Chapel Hill and Carrboro when it took
over the systems in February 1977.
.'-'
See OWASA on page 3
J
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4
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:SS;---X:::.
4
How sweet it is
DTH Allen JemlQan
A good wy to take an afterschool break Is to sit out in the cool
weather Chapel Hill has been getting recently. Here, Brooke
Johnson relaxes with a lollipop in McCorkle Place.
i
jags' - ? yisfsxet? .
Women athletes gaining ' prestige
mmmmmm
Cathy Shoemaker
By RICK SCOPPt , ; .
SUIT W rilrr
The stereotype ol the woman athlete, which persisted into the
1960s, held that she was built like a man and was somewhat less
feminine that her non-athletic counterpart. .. -
Many people still believed, until recent l . -sports was a man's
territory, and men were not shy about expressing their
displeasure about the women's encroachment into athletics.
"A lot of men hated the changes at first." said Laurie Potter, a
UNC senior s immer. "By moving over and. pract icing with t hem
they felt they were beingcheated. Some resented the attention wc
were getting and felt it was due to them. But most ol that is gone
now.": - -" - : - . - - - ' -' : , "
Last in a thri'e-arr series
Slow ly, the problems dissipated and with time a truer view ol
the woman athlete emerged. A new breed of women is entering
athletics, a group, which as a wnole. is more talented ana more
serious about sports. In the past there had been the outstanding
individual who worked long and hard, but never had there been
so many with so much talent. '
There are many reasons for the emergence of more and better
women athletes. Title IX gave more women a chance to
participate and reach their full potential. More women began
taking part in sports, making the competition stiller, and the
coaches, especially at the high school level, were improving.
Consequently, the high schools were turning out better and
better athletes to the colleges.
But there are other, less tangible reasons. 1
; We receive more recognition now." said Cathy Shoemaker, a
senior basketball player. "It's prestigious to be a woman athlete
now.". ' ' ,:. - ' - . - - " - " . .
"It's the thing to do." said Frances Hogan. women's athletic
director. - , , ' .'' -. . . '
In the last lew years women's athletics have become "the thing"
to do," but it has not come w ithout dedication and hard work.
"Things Jiave changed." Shoemaker added. "I can remember
when I was a freshman most of the girls on the teani wouldn't
pick a basketball up all summer. Now the caliber of player is so
great you have to practice during the summer.
"Title IX has done great things for women," Shoemaker said.
"But if men had a choice. I dare say some men would rather go
back to the way before. But then there are.some who are more
liberal." ' . - ' .
At least 'Mars hall hud a team to compete on. When Karen
Stevenson came to U NC there was no women's track team for the
star high school quarter-miler and Morehead scholar.
"When I was a freshman a lot of women wanted a team,'
Stevenson recalled, "but we didn't get one until my sophomore
. year. . ' . . -' ' - - -
"1 tend to think the team was a direct result of Title IX. Maybe
a team would have evolved, but not as quickly. Title IX brought
the problem to the forefront and pushed them to make effective
changes. It gave the issue a sense of immediacy."
. . See WOMEN on page 7
Crippling raa strike forces mom-stop talks
WASHINGTON (AP) The Carter
administration vowed on Wednesday to
step in and "start the trains running
again" by noon today as a clerks' union
expanded its crippling two-day rail strike
to virtually all of the nation's major
railroads. .
Labor Secretary Ray Marshall ordered
officials, from the striking Brotherhood of
Railway and Airline' Clerks , and the
Norfolk & Western Railway to begin a
non-stop, 24-hour, bargaining session
with the help of a federal mediator at the
Labor Department. r -
Marshall said the union and N & W
would negotiate around the clock in an
effort to reach a settlement of their
contract dispute. Failing agreement, he
said, "we'll take action at noon today to
, start the trains running again."
The parties began meeting at noon.
Less than three hours later, the union
leadership ordered pickets thrown up
around 73 rail carriers which represent
every major U.S. rail line except the
Conrail freight system and a few smaller
bankrupt carriers.
Industry and union officials estimated
that Tuesday's initial picketing against 43
major lines affected two-thirds of the
U.S. rail system and idled an estimated
330,000 of the half-million railroad
employees..
"If they're going after 73 lines, you can
call it a national strike," said one industry
official, who asked not to be named.
"Conrail could operate, but who could
they move freight to?"
The industry official called it a "bad
faith" move by the union. The union said
intensification of the strike was to protest
financial and other support the other
railroads have given N & W under a
mutual aid pact during the 80 days N &
W, a major coal hauler, has been struck
by the union.
The expanded strike left thousands of
commuters stranded, and brought
millions of tons of freight shipments
including half of all rail shipments' of
food to a halt. After the first day of the
shutdown, the two biggest U.S. auto
makers, General Motors Corp. and Ford
Motor Co., announced layoffs due to
parts shortages.
There were some signs Wednesday that
the strike was abating. At least six
railroads hit by picketing Tuesday said
the pickets had been removed.
Union officials, however, gave no
indication they would call for an end to
all the picketing despite temporary court
injunctions issued by federal judges in
more than 10 cities.
- Sea RAIL on page 2