8The Daily Tar HeelFriday. October 1, 1982
ma war lira
90th year of editorial freedom
John D rescuer. bm
ANN PETERS, Managing Editor
KERRY DEROCHI.iirwrEftr
Rachel Perry, umumiiy Editor
ALAN CH APPLE, City Editor
JIM WRINN, State and National Editor
Linda Robertson, Spom Editor
LAURA SEIFERT, News Editor
KENhAWGlS. Associate Editor
ELAINE McCLATCHEY, Projects Editor'
SUSAN HUDSON. Features Editor
LEAH TALLEY, Arts Editor
Teresa Curry, weekend Editor
AL STEELE. Photography Editor
Back to basics
The Scholastic Aptitude Test scores rose this year after a 20-year
decline. The increase wasn't much, but it was enough to put smiles back
on educator's faces and bring sweeping promises of grandiose educa
tional futures.
The increase is a welcome change. But state educators and lawmakers
should treat it only as an impetus for increasing the emphasis on basics.
Last week the College Entrance Examination Board reported, that the
national SAT average for seniors graduating in 1982 was 426 for the ver
bal section and 467 for the math section. This is a jump of two points
and one point respectively over last year's scores. In North Carolina the
averages were 396 for verbal and 431 for math, increases of five and four
points respectively.
The decline in SAT scores began in 1964, partly because of the sharp
rise in the numbers of students taking the exam. Educators attribute this
year's increase to several factors. Students now seem more aware of what
it takes to succeed after graduation. They have discovered that it takes a
college education to achieve what a high school education once did.
Also, more attention has been placed on the quality of teaching. In 19
states, prospective teachers now must pass a minimum competency exam
before they can be certified. And this fall, a newly-revised National
Teachers Exam will be administered. The test was reviewed by the Educa
tional Testing Service because of new concern over the quality of
teachers.
Most educators, however, attribute the rising scores to what they call
the return of the three R's. Because of budget cuts, basic skills are taking
the place of expensive field trips and other trappings of the so-called
6 All ' A1t1AAtAM
lit V CUUKU1U11.
SAT scores are just one signal of quality in education. In North
Carolina, large numbers of high school students still cannot pass the
state's simplistic competency exam needed to graduate.
That's reason enough to show North Carolina educators that the state
still has a long way to go in teaching its students the basics.
Playground politics
If, as it has been said, politics makes for strange bedfellows, then that
explains why some rather diverse people have been sleeping together late
ly. In the latest release from the Cobey for Congress Committee, the
committee uses references to the Raleigh News and Observer to prove a
point about Cobey's opponent for the 4th district congressional seat, in
cumbent Ike Andrews.
The News and Observer s a staunchly Democratic paper; Cobey is a
conservative Republican. But hey, mud is mud, and it's campaign time,
so use whatever you can dig up, right? Andrews and Cobey representa
tives (Cobey's dirty work is done by GOP chairman David Flaherty and
campaign manager Tom Fetzer) sound like children in a school yard.
"You did," says Davey.
"I did not," says 'lil Ike.
"Did too," says Tommy. And on and on. . .
Take that latest press release from Cobey, which boldly proclaims that
"Congressman Andrews' honesty is now the issue in this congressional
race." Apparently, the medium of television-is all behind this.' Andrews
said that Cobey's television advertisements, which accuse Andrews of op
posing a' balanced budget, misrepresent the truth. "They're just all the
way fromv downright misrepresentations to half:truths and distortions,"
'lil Ike said.
Malarkey, said Cobey campaign manager Fetzer. "That is a very
serious charge," Tommy said. Now look kids, it's just a TV commercial,
so let's not get all worked up about noth "The Cobey campaign
doesn't intend to allow Mr. Andrews to question our integrity," Tommy
said.
Ah, integrity. So that is what it has all come down to. That's a fine
thing to talk about in an election, but first it'd be nice for both sides to
come out of their sandboxes and talk about a few real issues, of which
we've yet to hear much of anything. "
Fhe pilgrimage of Billy Graham
Evangelist 's message has changed with time
By JOHN DRESCHER
Carmichael Auditorium, Monday
night, 5,000 people. The Rev. Billy
Graham stands straight and tall behind
the podium. The voice is deep and mel
low with a certain aristocratic elegance,
like a Southern version of English royal
ty. Both hands constantly move wav
ing, stabbing, plunging, pointing. The
crowd old women from the farms,
middle-aged men in suits, students with
books listens attentively. Graham's
voice thunders to fill the far corners of
Carmichael, setting a scenario in which
he and only he and God are the
focus of all attention. "Now we must
respond to that love and repent ".
For 32 years Graham, has been a
revered man; in that time he has become
the most effective evangelist since Paul.
He has spoken in-person to more people
than any other man in the history of the
world. He surely isn't God, but just as
surely, he seems to be something a bit
higher than man. '
Carolina Inn, Wednesday morning,
three people. The Rev. Billy Graham
leans back in a chair in his hotel room,
coat off, his right leg thrown casually
over his left. Across from him sits his
public relations director, Don Bailey.
Sunlight beams in appropriately over
Graham's left shoulder from an open
window. Relaxed, he appears much
softer and vulnerable than the man who
frantically gestures and shouts on stage.
He walked for a mile this morning, his
third walk since he hurt his back a few
weeks ago, and he seems to be feeling as
healthy and vigorous as he appears. He
is anxious to begin jogging and swim
ming again.
Graham, 63, is from near Charlotte,
and once thought of attending UNC,
but instead followed his mother's wishes
and attended a Christian school in Ten
nessee. After a short fling there he at
tended Florida Bible Institute in Temple
Terrace, Fla. From there it was on to
Wheaton College, an evangelical school
in Illinois. In 1947 he became president
of small Northwestern College in Min
neapolis. "When I got there we had 700
students; when I left we had 1,200," he
said. "I told them (admissions per
sonnel) if they were warm and breathing
and had $100, take them in," he laugh
ed. "By '52, I knew I couldn't do both,
so I resigned from the college presidency
and went to this full-time, thinking I'd
be in it for two to three years never
knowing I'd be in it for a lifetime," he
said. Since then he has preached in
nearly every state and all over the
world.
From the time he graduated from col
lege in 1943, he has frequently preached
on college campuses. He said he has
seen "drastic" changes in college
students over the past 30 years. "I see a
big change in the question-and-answer
periods," Graham said. "In those days
they asked questions on science and re
ligion. Now you don't get those ques
tions. It's all purpose and meaning of
life, philosophical questions, political
questions, social questions, and about
peace. Students today are thinking
more religiously, socially and po
litically. They are far more interested
and the crowds are bigger." Graham
pointed to the Inter-Varsity Christian
Fellowship chapter at UNC, the largest
one in the country. "The interest and
enthusiam of young people is greater."
J. '
(.
The Rev. Billy Graham addresses UNC audience
... N.C. native has travelled the world
"I think Christians ought to get into
politics. Mr. Nixon is probably the best
trained man for President in American
history, and he is certainly every inch a
Christian gentleman."
Rev. Billy Graham, Indianapolis
Oct. 1959
"I don 't believe God has called me to
be a part of the Moral Majority or any
political party."
Rev. Billy Graham, Chapel Hill
Sept. 1982
Students are not the only ones who
have changed. As he has struggled with
the mix of politics and religion,
Graham's view of their relationship has
changed. Although trying to remain po
litically neutral, he has not always done
so. -
During the 1960 campaign, Graham,
a Nixon admirer, said, "This is a time
for a man of experience and world
stature, and not a novice." Starting
with Eisenhower, he has been friends
with the last seven presidents, and was
probably closest to Johnson. LBJ's
press secretary, Bill Moyers, once said:
"Westmoreland was his general, his
soldier. Fortas .was his Jew.. Thurgood
Marshall was his Negro. And Billy was
his preacher."
But Billy Graham will never again be
any president's preacher. He was stung
by Watergate and shocked and hurt
when he listened to Nixon's tapes. He
keeps his distance from politics now,
never again wanting to get involved in
specific issues and candidates. When
Graham has ventured into- politics, his
skills have evaded him. He was severely
chastised by the press this summer
when, during a trip to the Soviet Union,
he spoke of religious freedom in the
Soviet Union. At a news conference
Monday announcing a trip next month
to East Germany and Czechoslovakia,
Graham said he would avoid political
involvement at all times.
About groups like the Moral Majori
ty, he said, "They have a right to (enter
the political process), but I'm not going
to get involved . . . I don't skirt moral
issues. But I'm not going to get involved
in bringing my views to bear on specific
issues or specific politicians."
So Graham frequently dodges issues,
taking the middle ground, avoiding
stances some people want him to take.
In the 1960s, apparently not deeming
the Vietnam war a moral issue, he re
fused to take a stand. "Because I didn't
take a stand on the Vietnam War I got
hit from both sides," Graham said.
"Sometimes I got a few cat calls. But it v
was nothing like the politicians. Poor
Hubert Humphrey. He's one of the
sweetest men that ever lived. He'd go
into auditoriums and have to defend
Johnson's policy in Vietnam and get in
to all kinds of trouble."
About his middle-of-the-road stance
on the Moral Majority, he said, "There
again, I go down the middle and get
slapped from both sides." But Graham
has come to realize that is the way it
must be: he is an evangelist, not a politi
cian. He is good at one; he wisely wishes
to remain distant from the other.
"Either Communism must die or
Christianity must die because it is ac
tually a battle between Christ and the
anti-Christ. "
Rev. Billy Graham, 1954
"I also feel we ought to soften our
rhetoric. We share this globe with a lot
of countries. I don't think we're going
to be successful in making every nation
democratic." ' '' .
Rev. Billy Graham, 1982
Graham obviously has softened his
own rhetoric against communism. And
even though he is wary of entering into
political issues, he has found one move
ment he frequently praises: nuclear dis
armament. "I've been interested in dis
armament for a long time, but I didn't
start speaking about it until four or five
years ago," he said. "But the press
didn't pick up on it until it became a
popular, or unpopular, issue."
How does Graham reconcile his
desire to stay away from politics with
his preaching on living in a nuclear age?
"There are certain issues the peace
issue, the race issue, abortion - I call
moral issues," he said. "Unfortunately,
they're often interpreted as political.
I've taken my stand on all of those
issues as the Bible has shown me."
Even before he removed a rope that
separated blacks and whites at a crusade
in Chattanooga in 1951, Graham had
been a believer in civil rights. But in the
last few years, Graham increasingly has
spoken of society's other ills and short
comings. He has expanded past the
stereotypical evangelism and become
more involved with human problems
and suffering.
"Traveling throughout the world,
like I have been fortunate to do, one
sees for himself and talks to the people
that know, and you realize one billion
people are living below the starvation
level," he said. "You realize as a Chris
tian I have to do my part, however small
that is."
Graham rarely speaks specifics; he
doesn't see that as his role because it
frequently would lead him into the for
bidden land of politics. So he struggles,
knowing his limitations, where he can
' and cannot tread.
' But now, more than ever, Graham is
serving to prick the consciences of his
audience, to make them realize the pro
blems around them and that they can do
something about them. For a 63-year-old
preacher whose evangelism only a
few years ago was staid and predictable,
that is quite an achievement. It is a rare,
person who continues to grow and ex
pand, to realize his mistakes and im
prove from them, to push and prod
himself to increase his awareness and to
understand his limitations and stay
within his boundaries; in short, to con
tinually learn and learn and learn.
But then again, Billy Graham is a rare
person.
John Drescher, a senior journalism
and history major from Raleigh, is
editor of The Daily Tar Heel.
Marines return to Lebanon, find Israelis gone
By CHIP WILSON
U.S. Marines returned to Lebanon for
the third time Wednesday, and much to
everyone's surprise, the Israeli forces
finally withdrew from east and west
Beirut. Earlier this week, Israeli officials
had asserted they would remain in
Lebanon. But heavy pressure from the
Reagan administration and demonstra
tions inside Israel brought about their
withdrawal from the heavily Christian
eastern sectors of Beirut. .J '
Begin OKs massacre probe
After intense pressure from Israeli
citizens and his own cabinet, Menachem
Begin agreed Tuesday to launch a full in
quiry into the massacre of at least 340
Palestinian' refugees in Beirut.
Begin first refused to conduct an inter
nal investigation because it would look
like an admission of Israeli guilt: He
stong-armed his allies in parliament into
going along with him. But intense pres
sure from across the Israeli political spec
trum forced Begin to back down. An
estimated 350,000 people 10 percent of
THE WEEK IN REVIEW
President Reagan said at a news con
ference Tuesday that the multinational
peace-keeping mission, which includes
troops from Italy and France, would re
main in Beirut until the Lebanese govern
ment took full control and became "able
to preserve full order."
While Israeli unity has fallen apart in
the wake of last week's massacre of
Palestinian refugees, Moslems and Chris
tians have joined in support of Amin
Gemayel, their new Lebanese president.
Although he represents the Phdanst
Party, which has long been at odds with
the Palestinians, his rapport with both his
fellow Christians and the Moslems in
Lebanon may be the link needed to
establish the long-needed peace treaty. ' .
the Israeli population attended an anti
Begin rally in Tel Aviv last weekend.
Israeli Supreme Court president Yitzak
Kahan will name a three-member panel to
conduct the investigation. Kahan pro
mised to name the panel by today and in
dicated he probably would head the in
quiry. The investigstiod will center on why
Israeli soldiers allowed the Christian ter
rorists into the refugee camp. Defense
minister Ariel Sharon admitted earlier
that he made the decision to let the
militiamen into the camps to remove
Palestinian guerrillas. But he said he did
not expect the massacre. Right.
The investigation could slzo involve the
United States. Assistant . Secretary of
State Nicholas Veliotes conceded Wed
nesday that American weapons may have
been used in the massacre but that, if
so, the weapons were used without U.Sf
approval. Unfortunately, the 300 or so
Palestinians involved in the massacre are
already dead.
What Veliotes implied was that Israel
may have given American weapons to the
Christian soldiers without permission.
Reagan on the economy
To no one's surprise, President Reagan
chastised Democrats in Congress Tuesday
for trying to exploit the nation's eco
nomic problems instead of passing the
legislation he thinks will solve them. His
comments came two days before the
Commerce Department released its Index
of Leading Economic Indicators, which
reported the first downturn in the eco
nomy in four months.
Reagan said the Democrats don't share
his commitment to economic progress,
contending they, are emphasizing the
negative side of the nation's economic
situation for political gain. That's
politics, Ronnie.
There certainly wasn't "any good news
in the Commerce Department's report. It
said initial unemployment compensation
claims soared to a record level in mid
September. At the same time, factory
orders for consumer goods and in build
ing permits for new construction de
clined. Most economic analysts said the new
r
GOUXMHKDIb SHOOT HIM,
4
results were not surprising, but conceded
they were discouraging because the in
dicators usually are an accurate baro
meter of future economic conditions.
Wallace again?
After conveniently forgetting his past
segregationist views, George Wallace
moved closer Tuesday toward reclaiming
the Alabama governorship. He defeated
Lt. Gov. George McMillan for the Dem
ocratic gubernatorial nomination.
McMillan, a moderate who had the en
dorsement of such black leaders as Coret
ta Scott King and the Rev. Jesse Jackson,
had predicted he would upset Wallace.
He campaigned by pointing out Wallace
characterized "the politics of the past"
and said the former governor gave
Alabama a negative image.
Wallace faces a stiff challenge from
Republican candidate Emory Folmar, the
mayor of Montgomery, who has a well
financed campaign and a broad base of
support. i
Congressman arrested in Afton
The controversy over the dumping of
toxic PCBs in Warren County received
further national exposure with the arrest
of Congressional Delegate Walter Faun
troy, D-District of Columbia. He joined
more than 100 other protestors who were
arrested Monday for attempting to block
dump trucks from entering and leaving
the lauUi'ul Mic ucu rvnon.
Fauntroy, a non-voting - member of
Congress, has vowed to launch a full
congressional inquiry into why the state
chose to locate the 25-acre site in Warren
County, which has a high black popula
tion and the state's lowest per-capita in
come level.
, The state's cleanup of the PCB-tainted
soil from 210 miles of North Carolina
roadsides is running slightly ahead of
schedule. Officials say the dump is more
than half-full and that the cleanup should
be complete within three weeks.
Evangelist in Chapel Hill
The Rev. Billy Graham came to Chapel
Hill this week to proclaim his message of
Christian salvation. But in his opening
, lecture Monday, he laced his words with a
stern warning about the potential of a
nuclear holocaust.
"We are on the verge of a nuclear Ar
mageddon," Graham told a Carmichael
Auditorium audience estimated at 5,000.
"Are we capable of making a moral
about-face in time to save ourselves?"
Graham also confirmed that he would
visit Eastern Europe later this month on a
mission he described as religiousrather
than political.
Graham ends his five-night lecture
series tonight; his topic "Reason to
Live," is the theme of the entire
crusade.
Chip Wilson, a senior journalism and
political science major from Castonia, is
editorial assistant for The Daily Tar Heel.