i . x . r
( H If
Iflfl
Weather
Mostly sunny today and
tomorrow. Highs around 60.
Low tonight in the upper
30s.
Lifting restrictions
The Orange Water and Sewer
Authority has called for an
end to mandatory water con
servation measures. See
story, p. 3.
Serving the students and the University community since 1893
Copyright 1983 The Daily Tar Heel. AO rights reserved.
Volume 91, Issue 79
Wednesday, October 26, 1983
Chapel Hill, North Carolina .
NewsSportsArts 962-0245
BusinessAdvertising 962-1163
mm
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Marines, Army paratroo
pers:
invade Grenada
The Associated Press
BRIDGETOWN, Barbados Nearly 2,000 U.S.
Marines and Army paratroopers invaded Marxist
ruled Grenada in an airborne strike Tuesday,
clashing with Grenadian troops and armed Cuban
workers.
The U.S. forces, ordered to protect some 1,000
Americans on the tiny eastern Caribbean island and
"restore democracy," were followed by 300
troopers from six Caribbean nations.
President Reagan called the operation, which
began before dawn, "completely successful."
He said 1,900 Marines and Army Ranger para
troopers seized the two main airports on the moun
tainous, 21-mile-long island that has a population of
110,000.
At least two U.S. soldiers were killed and 20
wounded in the initial fighting, according to ad
ministration and congressional sources in Wash
ington. They also reported three members of
Grenada's 1,200-man armed forces were killed, and
30 Soviet advisers and about 600 Cubans were cap
tured. Jamaica was one of the six island nations con
tributing troops to the invasion force. Prime
Minister Edward Seaga told the Jamaican Parlia
ment he had received a report at noon saying 12
Cubans had been killed and 22 captured. He also
said three civilians were killed.
Cuba's official news agency, Prensa Latina,
issued a report in Havana indicating the resistance
was crumbling.
In a later report, Prensa Latina said U.S.
paratroopers had captured some Cuban defenders
at the airport but others were being led by Cuban
army Col. Pedro Tortolo Comas.
Medical students who make up the majority of
the Americans on Grenada were reported un
harmed, although pinned down by the fighting.
U,S. helicopter gunships circled the American
operated St. George's Medical College, drawing fire
from Grenadian snipers, Mark Barettella of
Ridgefield, N.J., reported by ham radio.
"Every time a gunship goes over, there's fire all
around us," he said in a broadcast monitored by
The Associated Press.
Barettella, a student at the medical college, said
witnesses tolft him they saw three U.S. helicopters
shot down by small-arms fire.
The medical school, with its offices in Bay Shore,
N.Y., has two campuses, located on opposite sides
of the Point Salines airport, called Grand Anse and
True Blue. Grenada's only operating commercial
airport is Pearls Airport located on the eastern side
of the island and 10 miles from the capital of St.
George's.
In his account to other ham radio operators,
Barettella said, "We have a load of incoming
wounded U.S. troops at True Blue. The other six
(wounded) Americans were med-evac'd. The mor
tar has stopped at the present. Nothing (no mortar
rounds or shellfire) has gotten into the True Blue
campus. Trying to keep the morale up and the panic
down." He said later the six Americans evacuated
by medical helicopters were Marines.
Barettella said 1 students at the two campuses
were safe as were some 205 students who lived off
campus and had been contacted. He said nothing
had been heard from 120 other students living in or
around St. George's.
The invasion, coming just two days after a deadly
bomb attack on Marines in Lebanon, stirred new
unease about U.S. military operations among some
in Washington, particularly Democratic congress
men. Secretary of State George P. Shultz told a mid
afternoon news conference in Washington the deci
sion1 to invade Grenada was taken because of the
"atmosphere of violent uncertainty" and the fear
that Americans on the island might be "hurt or
taken hostage."
He said the U.S. forces "will leave promptly; we
have no intention of staying there," but gave no
timetable. .
The other Caribbean countries contributing
troops to the invasion force were Barbados,
Dominica, St. Vincent, Antigua and St. Lucia.
In Castries, St. Lucia, the Organization of East
Caribbean States OECS issued a statement
saying it had sought the "pre-emptive defensive
strike" against Grenada. It said the six-member
OECS asked the "friendly" governments of the
United States, Jamaica and Barbados to assist
them.
The OECS members and Barbados, which gained
its independence from Britain in 1974, are English
speaking countries. Two of the smallest OECS
countries, Montserrat and St. Kitts-Nevis, did not
send troops.
The Soviet Union demanded that U.S. forces
withdraw immediately from Grenada. The British'
government expressed reservations about the attack.
And medical school officials and another American
ham operator on the island insisted U.S. citizens
had been in no danger from Grenada's new
authorities.
See GRENADA on page 3
Green testifies
he never said
he'd take bribe
By FRANK PROCTOR
Staff Writer
RALEIGH Lt. Gov. Jimmy Green,
as his defense attorneys opened their case
Tuesday, testified that he never consented
to accept a bribe.
Green, on trial in Wake County
Superior Court, is charged with receiving
a $2,000 bribe, twice consenting to receive
a bribe of $10,000 a month and con
senting to receive a $2,000 bribe.
Green's attorneys, Howard Twiggs and
Wade Smith, had asked Judge James M.
Long to dismiss all four charges. Long
denied the dismissals Tuesday morning
before testimony began. On Monday,
prosecutors had dismissed one count of
Green consenting to receive a bribe.
Green spent most of the day Tuesday
on the stand, recalling events that took
place early in 1982 when FBI undercover
agents first met Green. The trial stems
from charges that Green considered tak
ing bribes to help the agents set up a
liquor-by-the-drink establishment in the
town of Bolton.
Green said he met with FBI undercover
agent Robert Drdak four times and had
four telephone conversations with him.
He continued to meet with Drdak, who
was posing as Tom "Doc" Ryan, to try
to learn the agent's true identity. Green
testified he was suspicious of Drdak
"from the moment he walked in the
door."
Drdak first told Green that he repre
sented a group of. businessmen who
wanted to invest $500,000 in the Bolton
establishment.
Green denied saying that receiving
$10,000 a month "would be nice" in ex
change for helping Drdak set up such an
establishment in Bolton. In earlier testi
mony, Drdak said he had given Green a
note with the words "$10,000 a month"
written on it.
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Lt. Gov. Jimmy Green testifies in court Tuesday. Green said he was suspicious of the $10,000-a-month offer
and cooperated only to learn the origin of the bribe.
Green said, however, that the note was
illegible and that he later disposed of it
without mentioning it to anyone. He also
said he was in no position to help anyone
get a license to sell liquor.
"It sure did sound far-out to me (to
establish a $500,000 bar in Bolton),"
Green said. Bolton is a town of about 500
people in Columbus County.
Green admitted discussing campaign
contributions with Drdak but added that
his entire purpose in meeting with him
was to "smoke him (Drdak) out."
"Everything that I did in conversing
with that man from Feb. 15 to April 29
was trying to find out who he was,"
Green testified. , -
Drdak had sent Green a campaign con
tribution of $2,000 in April 1982. Green
said he examined the check, decided it
was from Drdak and then told an ad
ministrative assistant to not let anyone
deposit it.
Green said he returned the check to
Drdak at their next meeting on April 29.
"I told him that I appreciated it, but I
just couldn't use it," Green said. Drdak
was reluctant to leave, and after this date,
he never saw Drdak again until the begin
ning of the trial, Green said.
Special prosecutor James Blackburn
tried to show that even after Green had
been offered money, he did not report
Drdak to any law enforcement officials.
Green, however, said, "At no time ..,
do I recall anything said about bribing
me." He also said he did not recall saying
many of the things he was alleged to have
said in transcripts.
The prosecution also questioned Green
about a phone conversation on March 24,
when Green gave Drdak the Post Office
box number for campaign contributions.
Three character witnesses also testified
in Green's behalf former U.S. Senator
Robert Morgan, N.C. Crime Control and
Public Safety Secretary Heman R. Clark
and District Attorney Edward Grannis
Jr. of Fayetteville.
Today Green's attorneys are expected
to show videotaped conversations be
tween Green and Drdak.
27th today
Friday has anniversary
By DICK ANDERSON
Staff Writer
William C. Friday is a busy man so
busy he forgot his own anniversary.
"I wasn't really conscious of the fact
until you called," Friday said in an inter
view Tuesday morning. Today marks the
27th anniversary of Friday's appointment
to the presidency of the Consolidated
University of North Carolina.
"It's a staggering thought," Friday said
of this milestone in his career. "No two
years have been alike."
Oct. 26, 1956, "was a happy day for
Mrs. Friday and me," Friday said. That
was the day the University Board of
Trustees chose Friday to succeed Frank
Porter Graham, who had been president
for 18 years.
"I debated it, because I felt inadequate
to the job," Friday said. But he accepted,
and soon he learned the ropes of the
presidency.
"Any man in this position quickly
learns drat it takes cooperation of all the
chancellors of this institution" to run the
University, he said.
One of the greatest changes Friday has
seen during his tenure is the rise of special
interest groups, he said. "Being involved
in University administration is becoming
increasingly difficult, unlike 27 years ago.
So many new and different agencies and
interests clamor for attention, time and
energy," he said.
Of his accomplishments in office, Fri
day said he is proudest that "in all the
growth the University has experienced, it is
still a free college, not hobbled by
unreasonable restrictions on academic
freedom. People can speak their minds.
"Lots of other things have happened
light, bricks, and mortar but to main
tain a spiritual quality of life that people
experience here" is more important than
material concerns, Friday said. "You hear
that people who graduate from this
University are different, and indeed they
are." Strong school ties translate into
strong loyalties in later years, he said.
"That has been its (the University's)
towering strength."
More than two years after the settlement
with the now-defunct Department of
Health, Education and Welfare over in
tegration problems in the University
system, Friday said that "promises and
commitments in that consent decree have
been met" to the satisfaction of all in
volved. "We're working very hard to live up to
everything we promised," including
developing degree programs, equalizing
salary schedules and achieving heightened
levels of integration, Friday said.
"An enormous effort" is being made in
the latter, Friday said. In the traditionally
black schools 10 to 15 percent of the
students are white, while there are current
ly 1,500 minority students here on campus,
he said.
The most pressing issue facing the
University today is a familiar one, Friday
said. "Getting a fair and reasonable salary
schedule for our faculty is our No. 1
priority and will remain so until achieved.
We should make some real progress
toward that in the spring," he said.
"Persons should not be penalized for
becoming teachers, scientists or scholars,"
See FRIDAY on page 4
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Judge dismisses charge
in shooting death case
By TRACY ADAMS
Staff Writer
A charge of voluntary manslaughter
against William S. Newman, 71, UNC
professor emeritus of music, was dismiss
ed during a probable cause hearing Tues
day in Chapel Hill District Court.
Judge Donald Paschal allowed a mo
tion for dismissal filed by Newman's at
torney, Steven Bernholz.
The defense did not present any
evidence during the hearing, but made the
motion following the hour-long presenta
tion of state's evidence by District At
torney Wade Barber.
Newman had been charged in the Oct.
12 shooting death of his son, Craig W.
Newman, 31, a 1978 UNC graduate, who
lived in an apartment behind his parents'
house at 808 Old Mill Road. The shooting
occurred about 6 p.m. at the Newman
residence and Craig Newman died at
11:30 p.m. at N.C. Memorial Hospital.
"Craig Newman had been shot twice, "
once in the right arm and once above the
left ear, which was the cause of death,
Barber said.
Three , members of the Chapel Hill
Police Department-Officer James Lilly,
Lt. Arthur Summer and Lt. Robert
Brooks testified Tuesday for the state.
Lilly, the first officer on the scene, said
that upon entering the house, he ques
tioned William Newman about the
weapon used. Lilly said the weapon was
found in the top drawer of a chest in a
bedroom. Lilly said the .32 caliber
revolver had been fired twice and still had
three bullets in it.
Yet the bulk of the state's evidence
rested on a statement by William
Newman that traced the events leading to
the Oct. 12 shooting. According to the
statement given to Brooks of the CHPD,
Craig Newman had entered the screen
porch and had begun beating on the kit
chen door. In the statement read by
Brooks, Newman said he went to. the
door and asked Craig what the problem
was and Craig said that he wanted
money. Newman said he did not unders
tand that because he had given his son the
money he wanted the day before.
According to the statement, Craig
Newman "...broke the kitchen door win
dow, reached around and opened the
.door and started in at us in a blind
rage..."
In the statement, Newman said he did
not know if he fired the gun to scare his
son or hit him. Newman said he saw him
grab his shoulder and then seconds later,
after stepping on the landing, he fired
again, when he was unable to tell if his
son was moving back toward the screen
of the porch or toward him and his wife.
Newman also told Brooks that he had
never shot a gun except during boot train
ing in World War II but had bought the
gun after his home had been broken into
in 1947. -
In making the motion for dismissal of
the charge, Bernholz said there was
"nothing in the evidence to " suggest
unlawfulness, which is the requirement
under the law and is reasonable under the
circumstances and that he had no
choice."
Judge Paschal, in explaining his deci
sion, said it was clear that William
Newman was in fear of his life; he had no
knowledge of firearms and he was not
even sure if he had tried to hit his son.
Paschal said that the state did not have
evidence of unlawful firing of the gun
and that it had to depend on Newman's
statement for its case.
After the hearing, District Attorney.
Barber said the fact that led his office to
bring charges against Newman was that
he had stepped out of the door onto the
landing before firing the second shot.
Barber said that the time lapse between
the shooting and the filing of charges was
used to review the statements, examine
photos and obtain the medical examiner's
report.
See HEARING on page 4
EPA chief asks whether
mankind will survive freely
Photo by Will OwensUNC News Bureau
William Ruckelshaus, EPA director, spoke in Memorial Hall Tuesday. He
said Americans set standards of perfection for the environment.
By CHRISTINE MANUEL
State and National Editor
The American public's demand for
a clean environment must be "har
monized" within a free society, En
vironmental Protection Agency Ad
ministrator William Ruckelshaus told
a crowd of about 700 in Memorial
Tuesday morning.
" 'Will man survive?' is not the
question," said Ruckelshaus. "The
essential question is 'Will mankind
survive freely?'."
The American public sets stan
dards of perfection for its environ
ment, Ruckelshaus said.
"If we measure progress against an
unattainable goal of perfection, we
do not realize progress," he said.
"This causes us to lose hope."
But Ruckelshaus said the United
States has made "amazing" progress
in cleaning up the environment.
"From that we should have hope,"
he added.
, Ruckelshaus, who was the EPA's
first director when it was formed in
1970, said a risk-free society was im
possible. Society must then define ac
ceptable risks, which the United
States has not done well in the past,
he said.
Ruckelshaus, whose speech was
titled "Living With Risk in a Free
Society," said policymakers should
consider both scientific and political
implications. But the two should be
kept separate and balanced, he said.
No other free developed nation
seeks to involve the public as intensely
as the United States does.
Ruckelshaus said. Great Britain,
France and West Germany do not in
volve their public and do not have
turnover in their environmental
bureaucratic hierarchy.
"I'm living proof not only that
there is turnover but also that you can
turn back over."
Ruckelshaus said Americans tend
to overreact to health problems in the
environmerit. "Wcspend a little more
money than we need to," he said. But
the U.S. government spends too
much on other departments also, he
added.
The United States has created com
petitive problems in industry by set
ting strict environmental standards,
Ruckelshaus said. As a result, society
must cope with industrial costs and
the public's wishes within freedom.
But Ruckelshaus said he agreed
with the public's belief that the nation
can have a strong economic recovery
and a healthy environment.
One weakness in the management
of health standards is the lack of
coordination between federal agen
cies such as the Food and Drug Ad
ministration, the Consumer Product
Safety Commission, the Occupa
tional Safety and Health Administra
tion and the EPA, he said.
Ruckelshaus said he intended to com
bine the efforts of the agencies to bet
ter investigate the effects of toxins
and other hazards.
Ruckelshaus also said there was a
need for change in laws the EPA en
forces. See SPEECH on page 4