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2The Daily Tar Heel Thursday, November 20, 1986 peaker traces Affghaie-Soviet w&ir By CHRIS CHAPMAN Staff Writer The outside world provides Afghan freedom fighters with as great a chance to drive Soviet influence out of their country as the Soviets have to take control, an authority on Afghanistan said Wednesday. Louis Dupree, an anthropologist and a UNC visiting professor from Duke University, spoke in Hamilton Hall in a presentation sponsored by the Carolina Union Current Affairs committee. He briefly outlined Afghanistan's history from its formation as an independent monarchy in 1880 to the coup d'etat in April 1978. At that time, a left-wing group seized power. Events in Afghanistan since then, he said, can be explained by a frame work of seven R's: revolution, rhetoric, reform, repression, revolts, refugees and Russians. Western-educated leftists led the initial revolution, and the new government quickly ran into trou bles, he said. Through rhetoric, the government originally conceived as an inde pendent socialist republic tried to align itself with the Soviet Union, Dupree said. "The government made the mistake of playing Cold War politics," he said. It also tried to enact land reforms and repress Afghan intellectuals who would have willingly cooperated with a non aligned socialist government, he said. In fall 1978, these actions led to revolts by the general populace. The government misread the nature of these insurrections. "In Central Asia, revolts are often not intended to overthrow the government. Instead, they are a means to express an opinion," Dupree said. The government overreacted to the revolts, bombing and napalming villages, he said. The Afghans had a tradition of "burying the hatchet" by sending women to the top of a mountain to arrange stones to signal the end of the fighting. "In the spring of 1979, no stones were placed on the mountain," he said. A tottering government asked the Soviet Union for more advisers and better weapons. On Christmas Eve, 1979, they got a Soviet invasion that has become an almost seven-year-old war, he said. The invasion was the Soviets' first invasion of a non aligned independent country since Liberal World War II. Dupree said the Soviet strategy has not been to kill off the Afghan population. Rather, the Soviet Union has followed a plan of "migra tory genocide," he said. This refers to active warfare against the civilian population, designed to drive them out of the country. This strategy has produced 5 million refugees since 1979; 3 million have gone to Pakistan and the other 2 million to Iran, he said. Migratory genocide has reduced Afghan population by a third since the invasion, he said. Dupree emphasized the impor tance of not confusing Afghanistan with other Communist takeover attempts, such as Nicaragua and Vietnam. from page 1 As long as students get the basic skills needed to do the career they are interested in such as basic math skills or know ledge of compu ters for a business career, for exam ple they can major in almost anything, Dessen said. "They should major in what they want to major in," she said. "The key is to use your electives wisely. Don't just take slides." But one problem remains for liberal arts majors, Dessen said. Many of the people who come to campus to interview students for employment are from middle man agement positions and do not have a favorable, broad-based view of the advantages of hiring liberal art graduates. The chief executive offic ers of corporations, who often have such majors, don't usually do the hiring. "Liberal arts people have to hustle and be persuasive," she said. "You have to be on the defensive. Describe your interests and skills. Persuade them of your worth." Dessen said that since 1982, UNC has required students to take five upper-level perspectives, including both a physical and a life science and a non-Western history, in order to give them a broad-based perspective. Duke University is preparing for a major overhaul in its curriculum to accommodate this new interest in the liberal arts, said Albert Eldridge, associate dean of Trinity College. Eldridge said Duke officials voted last Thursday to raise the number of courses required to graduate from 32 over four years to 34. The curriculum will now be divided into three areas: the student's major field; general course work that will include more science and language; and an elective area. It will take until the fall of 1988 to prepare for the new curriculum, he said. Faculty advisers must be retrained, the course catalog must be rewritten and the courses relabeled. There has been little increase in the number of students choosing to enter such narrow vocational fields as pre-medicine, pre-law and pre business, Eldridge said, adding that the students who do enter those fields must take a wide variety of courses. "We do find, interestingly enough, that the number of students double majoring is increasing," he said. "A pre-med student might double major in biology and history. About 25 percent of our students are doing double majors." Liberal arts courses are helpful in developing a student's writing and analytical thinking skills, Eldridge said. Some of them, such as history and civilization courses, show students the different social and cultural perspectives brought to issues. "They don't train you for the substance of the classes," he said. "They train you in a style of thinking and research. . . . Those are things you can use throughout your life." Reagan defends Iran deal, says Shultz will retain post From Associated Press reports WASHINGTON President Reagan said Wednesday night the controversial decision to sell arms to Iran was "mine and mine alone" and said two other Amer ican hostages in Lebanon would have been freed "if there had not been so much publicity" about the shipments. At his first news conference in nearly three months, Reagan said that, despite reported opposition to the arms sale, Secretary of State George Shultz would remain in his Cabinet post. "He has made it plain he would stay as long as I want him, and I want him," the president said. -Reagan promised to provide key Congressmen with all the information about past arms shipments. But he said there may continue to be information he cannot divulge in public, and declined to answer a question about reported Israeli participa tion in the arms shipments. "I wasn't breaking any law" in News in Oriel authorizing the arms sale or ordering aides not to provide Congress with immediate information. Bomb blast injures 35 MANILA, Philippines A bomb hidden in a shopping bag exploded Wednesday in a depart ment store packed with Christ mas shoppers, injuring about 35 people. A few hours earlier a prominent friend of Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile was shot to death in an ambush. President Corazon Aquino said on television that the escal ating violence was directed at her. She vowed to retaliate once she knows "which forces are with me." Police said a homemade time bomb exploded at a ground-floor counter in the Shoemart Depart ment Store about 7:20 p.m. Horizons from page 1 Planning and Placement Services, agreed that liberal arts majors often have an edge in marketable skills. "I've noticed an increase in employers who are looking for liberal arts majors in general," she said. Lotz said that employers find liberal arts majors easy to train, with a wide variety of skills. "Liberal arts majors are eligible closed All Day Friday Open 5:00 pm Friday Nite, Nov. 21st Until 2:00 am Saturday Morning ZONKE? TEIVIi ZONE M0Dnog ifMf kifl AIIHourly cr,nrtSrtrts l (Mr v il zonkers good to ,,nT&&WAj2nrce l?U V27 h i the last drop for A AU offsaep M f grancrflna , -AO0 g'rf only nv tizmy A What a way to enjoy insomnia zonker Mania. The once-a-year mind boggling sale is here. (Regular Shopping Hours Saturday 10-6:30) The Hourly zonkers Are Part of the Fun Check out Following All-Nite Zonkers. incredible Give-a-vays Hour 1. Parker of Vienna All cotton Rugby 1 6. Group Suits to $435, including Sussex Shirts Reg. $40- $1 9.90 and Giorgio Sant' Angelo $99.90 2. AH Short Sleeve Dress Shirts 7. ebe and IN private Pull-On Slacks Reg. to $27.50-$6.90 Reg. $40- $14.90 3. Wall: Shorts to $30 8. Down Jackets by Down country zonkered to $6.90 Reg. $85- $34.90 4. Knit Shirts, short sleeves 9. Large Choice Group sport Shirts including smalls and Mediums Only to $30 $4.90 Countess Mara Reg. to $45 $10.90 5. IN private Sweat Shirts 10. Choice Group Dress Shirts Reg. $50-$19.90 To $35 $10.90 Alterations at cost. See how easy it is to be better dressed for less. I' VISA jSsi ?c Phone 968-4408 Cupboards Also in Burlington and Charlotte (Zonker only in Chapel Hill) Hourly zonkers Do Not Apply to Above 10 Super specials Hours r.lon.-Sat. 10-6:50; Sun. 1-5 ran 163 E. Franklin Downtown Chapel Hill for a variety of job positions," she said. Chuck Cheney, a senior econom icsEnglish major from Charlotte, feels that job opportunities for liberal arts majors are getting better. "Five years ago, there was a pressure to get something practical," he said. "Now it seems like the emphasis is shifting back (to liberal arts). "Also, I didn't want to restrict myself to something like a business degree. Most companies train their employees so much now." Smokeout from page 1 have special entertainment programs for the "stars" of this year's Smokeout. According to David Lehmann from the national public information office of the society, the goal of the Smokeout is to "get people to quit for one day to show them that they really can do it," in the hope that quitting for one day will encourage them to stop for good. The push toward smoking cessa tion programs began in in 1974 when Lynn R. Smith, the publisher of the Monticello (Minn.) Times, wrote an article asking his townsfolk to take the day off from smoking. He chose Jan. 7 as "D:Day" ("D" stands for "Don't smoke"). Smith's campaign was successful in the town of 1,800 people and the American Cancer Society's California Division picked up the idea in 1976. One year later it became a nationwide program. Since then, Scott said, there has been a continuous increase in Smo keout activities throughout the state during the. last 10 years. Studies indicate that if a particular day is chosen as an occasion to break a habit, there is a firmer commitment to do so, Lehmann says. He attrib utes the steady decrease in the number of both male and female smokers during the last 10 years to increased education about the health hazards of cigarettes. The American Cancer Society suggests the following tips for anyone trying to quit smoking: B Break in half, wet, or discard all cigarettes. Throw out lighters and matches, too. B Drink lots of liquids but avoid caffeine and alcohol. B Keep your hands and mind busy. B When the urge to smoke hits, take a deep breath and release it very slowly. Try to think of negative images associated with smoking. B Exercise to release tension. B Reach for gum and other oral substitutes like nuts, candy, carrot sticks and popcorn instead of cigarettes. B Try to quit with a friend so you can lend each other support. KOd3k from page 1 Massachusetts, also announced it will pull out, according to a Johan nesburg spokesman quoted by the South African Press Association. Three major South African news paper chains use Atex computer systems: the Argus Group, South African Associated Newspapers and Nasionale Pers. Neither the Kodak statement nor company spokesman Henry Kasaka in Rochester explained why the sale of Kodak products will be banned after April 30, 1 987. "We went all the way," he said. "We decided we wouldn't take any halfway measures. ... "The reason for the grace period is to allow our customers to find other supply sources. You can't just tell a hospital that it can't buy anymore X-ray film." General Motors and IBM have turned over their operations to locally owned companies to preserve markets and jobs. Coca-Cola, Sara Lee, Warner Communications and Honeywell are ending their corpo rate presence, but have said they would continue selling their products in South Africa.
Daily Tar Heel (Chapel Hill, N.C.)
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