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4The Daily Tar Heel Monday, February 9, 1987
A look at
By DEBBIE RZASA
Staff Writer
The average person Moafs"
when in a crowd. At least that's
what a recent UNC study shows.
"Social loafing is the tendency
of the private individual to exert
less effort into a task when
working with a group than when
working alone," said Bibb
Latane, professor of psychology
and director of UNC's Institute
for Research in Social Science.
He's one of two UNC professors
who compiled the study.
Latane's interest in "social
loafing" sprung from research he
conducted in the late 1960s. "1
became interested in the theory
that people in crowds are less
likely to intervene in an accident
than people who are alone," he
said.
During the spring of 1984,
Latane combined research with
Charles J. Hardy, an assistant
professor of physical education at
UNC, who "shared a similar
interest in social loafing," Latane
said.
At first. Hardy and Latane
conducted experiments where
they paid students to clap and
shout alone or in pairs. The
students wore blindfolds and
earphones so scientists could tell
them whether or not they were
alone without them knowing for
sure. Electronic equipment
recorded the results.
They discovered that partici
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loafers
pants clapped louder if they
thought they were alone. aIt was
no surprise to us, because we had
done similar versions of this study
a number of times before with the
same result," the two men wrote
in an article in the current issue
of "Social Science."
Latane said men have a much
higher vocal capacity than
women but results show that men
may be more inhibited in a crowd.
Women made 95 percent as much
noise in pairs as when they
thought they were alone while
men made 89 percent as much.
Hardy and Latane wondered if
the same results would apply if
the participants were engaged in
an activity they enjoyed. Thus,
Latane said, "Hardy developed an
idea to experiment with cheer
leaders," and summer checrlead
ing camps at UNC provided the
perfect opportunity.
This experiment yielded the
same result as the previous ones.
Individual cheerleaders made
only 92 percent as much noise in
the group, the scientists wrote.
Latane and Hardy concluded that
social loafing exists even when
people engage in an enjoyable
task.
"Social loafing is a universal
tendency," Latane said, "but there
are ways of overcoming it."
Studies like these are important
to help reduce inefficiency in the
workplace, the scientists wrote in
their article.
.Zip.
43
Gfomp foMiMedl for Hack
By PHYLLIS A. FAIR
Stan Writer ,
Support groups help unify people,
regardless of their race, gender,
sexual preference or religious beliefs,
to foster a feeling of belonging. Black
Women United, a UNC group
formed this year, will respond to the
needs of black women, said Cassan
dra Butts, chairwoman of the group.
"It was an idea of Dean (Donella)
Croslan," Butts said. "It was her idea
to bring black women together on
campus, undergrads, graduate stu
dents, professors, administrators,
staff, . . . and have them work
together on different projects, and
to become a more unified group on
campus."
The organization is not working
only for black women, but for all
students on campus, she said.
"In the future we hope we can
J-School raising funnels for professorship
By KIMSERLY ED ENS
Staff Writer
The UNC School of Journalism
has begun fund-raising for a
$333,000 endowed professorship in
the name of former professor Walter
Spearman, according to Dean
Forum
never even vote," Brady said. "We
need to get those people involved."
Hill said Sitton had more interest
Tuesday polls
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become a springboard for black
women when they first get on
campus," Butts said.
The group consists of a general
body and a steering committee. The
committee is, made up of eight
people, including a chairperson, a
secretary treasurer and six others.
The members of the steering
committee make up other sub
committees like the black history
month, mother daughter weekend
and publicity committees, she said.
Each person on the steering
committee is a chairperson of a sub
committee. Butts said that BWU wants to get
black wo'men involved in organiza
tions everywhere on campus.
"We want them to see that there
is a group specifically for them that
works for them," she said. "We also
Richard R. Cole.
Spearman officially retired in
1978, having taught more than 5,000
UNC students. "Walter was one of
the truly great teachers at UNC
CH," Cole said. "He taught here 45
years and won every teahing excel-
v from page 1
in continuing Hassel's policies, and
she showed more initiative about
financial aid and minority issues.
"Student government shouldn't be
turned around 180 degrees this year,"
he said. "The administration could
just wait us out and nothing would
get done."
Bailey's platform is too conserva
tive, and it neglects financial aid and
the apartheid issue, Hill said. "He
thinks just lobbying is enough, but
we need someone who will really go
after it."
Hill said he had not discussed
being appointed to an executive
position with either candidate at the
time he endorsed Sitton. He would
be involved in the financial aid issue
this year, probably through the
newly formed group Students for
Educational Access, he said.
Assistant University Editor Jo
Fleischer contributed to this storv.
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hope that in the future we have
members of our group in organiza
tions all over campus to let the group
know what's going on On campus.
We want to network."
Membership is open to all people.
"We welcome all members," Butts
said. "I would love to see men come
to the meetings."
Butts said it disappoints her to see
that the minority groups don't have
more of a voice on campus. "This
campus needs diversity and I think
BWU can give this campus
diversity."
One reason Croslan had the idea
of forming BWU was because she
felt that the sororities segregated
black women on the campus.
"Through BWU we want to get
non-sorority black women an oppor
tunity to become involved on cam
pus ," Butts said.
lence award the University offers. He
is revered as few educators in the
United States are. If anyone deserves
a professorship in his honor, it's
Walter."
The professorship would be only
the second offered exclusively by the
School, Cole said. "Another
endowed professorship is something
we need," he said.
Cole said the $333,000 figure was
chosen to make the professorship
special. "It takes at least $250,000
to endow a professorship and we
H
elms requests funds
to ease campaign debts
By MICHAEL A. KOLB
Staff Writer
The Congressional Club, Senator
Jesse Helms political organization,
has been soliciting funds through a
letter sent nationwide claiming, "the
club has fallen on financial hard
times," according to the club's
director.
The letter, dated Dec. 31, 1986,
was signed by Helms.
The Club owed almost $350,000
to various creditors as of November
24, Congressional Club Director
Carter Wrenn said. The club had
about $5,000 and was owed $80,000
from the sale of services and office
furniture, he said.
Wrehn said he knew about the
Helms letter.
- asked: him to do it; It's abso-Jutelctu-ate,'
Wrenn said,
f The Congressional Club has not
had to lay off any workers of its own,
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BWU gives a chance for sorority
women to become acquainted with
non-sorority women. "One of the
goals of BWU is to keep black
women on the campus," she said.
Other goals of the group are to
promote achievement and help fulfill
the future aspirations of black
women, to assist in recruitment
efforts and support the retention of
black women at UNC and to ack
owledge and preserve the historical
contributions of black women, Butts
said.
People interested in joining the
organization should contact Butts at
the student government office or see
Dean Croslan at the College of Arts
and Sciences.
There is a $3 membership fee
which pays for various events
throughout the year, she said.
wanted it not to be a minimum,' he
said. "We wanted it to be better than
that."
Spearman has undergone chemo
therapy and radiation treatments
since early December when he was
diagnosed as having cancer. Fund
raising began in January, Cole said,
and various activities are being
planned.
Spearman is the author of two
books, four plays, a film script, and
a television show. He is also a
member of the North Carolina
Journalism Hall of Fame.
Wrenn said. Jefferson Marketing,
which does advertising for the club,
did lay off some of its employees,
Wrenn said.
In the letter Helms said the club
needed the money to pay some of
the expenses of the campaigns of
former Sen. Jeremiah Denton, R
Ala., and Sen. Steven Symms, R
Idaho. Denton was defeated while
Symms was re-elected.
Tom Lowery, Symm's press secre
tary, said he was not familiar with
any direct help from the club.
The help consisted of teams of
field men sent to help in "get out
the vote campaigns," Wrenn said.
Wrenn said the Club hopes to raise
$5 million in 1987. During the race
for U.S. Senate between Helms and
'former N.C. Gov. Jim Hunt In 1984,
V the Club's budget was $2.5 million,
"Wrenn said.
February 14
7
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