2The Daily Tar HeelMonday, September 18, 1989
; World amid Nation
Military 'foanredl fromii
From Associated Press reports
WASHINGTON The idea of
deploying America's military forces
on the nation's streets to battle the
scourge of drugs may be fodder for
headlines and congressional demands,
but Pentagon officials point out there
are strict legal limitations on such a
thing.
"It just makes hair stand on end
here," said one senior Pentagon offi
cial. "Our primary mission is to prepare
for any possible military threat not
to be a national police force ... There's
been a lot of very loose talk about
expanding our role."
To counter assumptions that U.S.
troops could be used to patrol the streets
and nab drug dealers, Pentagon offi
cials point to a little-known law that
prevents active duty troops from acting
as law enforcement officers within the
nation's borders.
It is known as the Posse Comitatus
Act and was passed by Congress in
. 1 878 as a post-Civil War reaction to the
use of federal troops in enforcing the
Reconstruction Acts.
Because it deals with the enforce
UcSo faces influx
From Associated Press reports
WASHINGTON Now that the
doors of the Soviet Union have opened
after 20 years of American knocking,
the United States is faced with the di
lemma of handling an unprecedented
surge of Soviet emigres.
Critics charge the administration's
response, as presented this week on
Capitol Hill after seven months of de
liberations, is inadequate, unimagina
tive and risks missing a historic oppor
tunity. ' Some say the U.S. government could
learn a thing or two from Soviet Presi
dent Mikhail Gorbachev's open door
policy.
The administration argues it is doing
its best in the face of shrinking budgets
and the problem of dealing with 14
million refugees worldwide, many of
iCSiioa reprints article seeking expulsion of foreign
From Associated Press reports
;; BELTING China stepped up its
campaign against the Western press
$unday, reprinting a 65 -year-old com
mentary calling for the expulsion of all
foreign reporters.
v; Also Sunday, Premier Li Peng told a
Japanese delegation that the govern
ment would not soon lift martial law in
C-TOPS criticism spurs University investigations
Hix and the other 10 commissioners
were told about the unpaid work when
they were interviewed and hired in
December, he said, but he argued that
the unsalaried work was one factor
contributing to an overall decline in
applications for the position of orienta
tion commissioner.
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ment of domestic law, the law does not
affect U.S. forces overseas.
David Super, a Defense Department
spokesman, said that while it may be
enticing to think of the nation's mili
tary might as a machine to be turned
against drug kingpins, the ramifica
tions have to be taken into account.
"It's really a rather profound idea
when you think about it," he said.
"Posse Comitatus is a reflection on our
free society.
"There are a lot of countries where
the military is used to police the streets,
but they aren't much fun to live in."
According to a common legal defi
nition, the term "posse comitatus"
means the power of the county and
refers to the authority of the sheriff to
call the male population above the age
of 15 to his aid in capturing escaped
felons and keeping the peace.
In effect, the law is interpreted to
mean that military forces the Army,
Air Force, Navy and Marines and their
respective reserves may be used in a
support role for the battle against drugs,
such as aiding in surveillance or inter
diction efforts.
whom would like to move to the United
States.
Of the 125,000 refugee slots allo
cated for fiscal 1990 which starts
Oct. 1 50,000 will be reserved for
Soviet applicants, most of whom are
Jewish.
The administration predicts as many
as 150,000 Soviet Jews will apply for
refugee status in fiscal 1990. Jewish
groups say as many as 500,000 Jews
may seek to come here in the coming
years if the doors remain open, espe
cially in light of rising anti-Semitism in
the Soviet Union.
An internal State Department report
used by Immigration and Naturaliza
tion officers in Moscow concluded that
glasnost, with its liberalized rights to
free speech and press, has spawned
discrimination against Jews through
Beijing because citizens seized many
weapons from the army during the June
crackdown on pro-democracy protest
ers. The official Beijing Daily reprinted
on its front page a 1924 essay by Li
Dazhao, co-founder of the Chinese
Communist Party, saying China was
the victim of "journalistic invasion."
Hix said he told Wiggins, "If you
don't do something next year, you're
going to have problems."
Student government's investigation
into possible problems with C-TOPS
was spurred by both the complaints of
orientation commissioners and those
of freshmen who approached Davis in
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But they are prevented from adopt
ing the role of law enforcement offi
cials, tasks assigned to the local police
or other officials, such as from the Drug
Enforcement Agency.
For example, the military may pro
vide boats to help interdict drug traf
fickers, or radar surveillance to spot a
drug-transporting plane, but it is up to
civilian law enforcement officials to
seize evidence, make arrests and testify
in court.
The law does not affect a state's
National Guard when units are under
the control of its governor, but the laws
in each state vary, said Robert Dunlap,
a spokesman for the National Guard
Bureau.
The National Guard Bureau is the
Defense Department agency that serves
as a coordinating body for the Guard
forces in the various states.
It is National Guard Bureau policy
that its members "not be tasked" with
enforcing civil law, officials point out.
"It's important, because we just don't
have the training we're not trained to
do police work," Dunlap said.
Dunlap said Guard units have been
off Soviet
out the Soviet Union.
Religious groups and many on Capi
tol Hill also argue that Gorbachev's
reforms and his political future are by
no means assured success, and their
failure could strand thousands of perse
cuted people wishing to leave.
"Soviet history has painfully dem
onstrated that lulls in government re
pression are usually followed by harsh
oppression," said a letter to Congress
from World Relief, which represents
Evangelical Christians.
The Evangelicals constitute a small
percentage of those seeking to come
here.
Members of Congress say if tight
budgets are the problem keeping more
Soviets from coming to the United
States, "creative financing" should be
considered.
The article applauded the expulsion
of a British reporter who erroneously
reported the death of Sun Yat-sen, the
man regarded as the father of modern
China. Sun died in 1925.
But Li Dazhao said expelling one
reporter was not enough. "The Chinese
.government ... should expel all foreign
reporters, who spread rumors, make
the Pit during orientation.
"While I was there in the Pit, several
freshmen came up to me," Davis said.
"I asked if they were having a good
time. They said, 'No.' They said, 'If I.
had come to orientation before I came
to Carolina, I never would have come
here. "
Davis said several students were
unhappy because they had come to
orientation to take a math placement
exam that was never given.
Hunter said that at the first C-TOPS
on June 2, the graduate student hired to
coordinate administration of the test
had been ill the week before and had
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involved in helping local officials sup
port drug interdiction efforts since 1 977,
and since 1 983 they have been involved
on the federal jevel.
In fact, the role of the Guard has been
expanded in 21 states to allow them to
aid customs officials in cargo inspec
tions for illicit drugs, Super said.
"Guardsmen are happy to be in
volved. ... Guardsmen are all volun
teers and part of the community they
serve. But our proper role is in support
of civilian law enforcement officials,"
Dunlap said.
Congress has been pressing the
Pentagon to become more active on the
home front in the war against drugs,
despite concerns among the military
brass about draining resources from
their traditional defense mission.
Defense Secretary Dick Cheney is
slated to outline an expanded military
role this week. The secretary's plan is
not expected to call for an enforcement
role for the military, but rather empha
size increased interdiction and radar
surveillance methods, among other
things.
emigres
Sen. Howard Metzenbaum, D-Ohio,
suggested the government help addi
tional refugees by lending them money
for their relocation, which would be
paid back once they are settled.
"When the faucets start opening ...
the United States finds itself totally
incapable of dealing with the very pol
icy it is demanding," said Rep. How
ard Berman, D-Calif.
The administration agreed. 'The
United States is to some degree a victim
of its own success," said Deputy Sec
retary of State Lawrence Eagleburger.
But he argued that although the
demand for liberalized Soviet emigra
tion was a cornerstone of U.S. policy
for nearly 20 years, "never was it said
that the U.S. has an obligation to take
them all in."
trouble and insult China."
The article was accompanied by
another commentary saying the article
shows that foreign journalists have been
spreading rumors in China for decades.
"The 'press freedoms' of imperialist
countries haven't progressed at all," it
said.
It said Li Dazhao's writings were
not examined his package of materials.
The student had assumed he had every
thing needed to administer the test, but
discovered upon arrival that he didn't
have enough answer sheets.
Hunter said that most students came
to C-TOPS just to take placement tests
and that many who arrived that day
were from out of state. "I'm sure that
any student (who couldn't take the test)
that Gene ran into that day may have
been upset."
Wiggins said: "I'm sorry that Gene
only ran into those students in terms of
evaluating the effectiveness of the C
TOPS program. You would expect with
Hurricane hits Caribbean;
3,000 reported homeless
From Associated Press reports
SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico Hur
ricane Hugo lashed the resort islands
of the northeastern Caribbean with
140 mph winds Sunday, tearing off
roofs, knocking out communications
and reportedly leaving 3,000 people
homeless.
The region's most powerful storm
in a decade then swept toward the
U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico.
Both governments mobilized the
National Guard, and residents rushed
for last-minute supplies and taped
and boarded windows.
At 3 p.m. EDT, Hugo's center was
located near latitude 17 north and
longitude 63.6 west, about 185 miles
east-southeast of San Juan, said the
National Weather Service in Miami.
The storm caused widespread
damage early Sunday as it passed
near the island of Guadeloupe, where
80 people were reported injured.
Damage also was reported on the
islands of Martinique, Antigua and
Dominica.
The storm was moving at 12 mph
and was expected to hit the Virgin
Islands on Sunday night and Puerto
Rico on Monday morning, the Na
tional Weather Service said.
American Airlines suspended all
flights to Puerto Rico from the United
States from 5:30 p.m. EDT Sunday
until 6 p.m. Monday.
Parachutist dies
MELBOURNE, Australia An
experienced sky diver plunged to his
death Sunday after his parachute
failed to open, police said.
Andrew Scouller, 27, jumped from
a twin-engine airplane at Pakenham
outside Melbourne, a police spokes
man said.
His parachute did not open until
moments before he hit the ground.
Scouller, a veteran of more than 100
jumps, was one of 10 sky divers to
jump from the aircraft. The nine
others landed safely.
reprinted to show that the "rumor
mongering" of Voice of America, the
American government-funded radio
station, was not "an accidental mis
take." Voice of America, regarded by its
large Chinese audience as one of the
few independent sources of informa
over 3,000 freshmen, you will find a
few who would find it didn't meet their
needs. But most find it excellent."
Evaluation forms filled out by fresh
men and their parents at the end of each
of the nine C-TOPS sessions in June
and July gave the program "very high
marks" last year, she said.
Hunter said this year's evaluations,
which her office is now collating, are
also overwhelmingly positive.
"Most of them say the program met
their needs, and they were looking for
ward to coming back in the fall."
Ruffin Hall, director of academic
affairs for the executive branch of stu
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News in Brief
Feud may get memorial
MATEWAN, W. Va. The Hat
fields and McCoys don't fight any
more and many of them would just as
soon forget their ancestors' feud. But
some in the community are trying to
find a way to commemorate the
bloodshed.
"There are a lot of grandsons of
Devil Anse (Hatfield) and his broth
ers around here," said Paul McAllis
ter, director of the new Matewan
Development Center. "Most of them
are in their 60s, and they're a little bit
bitter about the reputations they had
to grow up with and live with."
The Matewan Development Cen
ter, located in the only three-story
building in the town of 800, features
a photo display on the massacre and
other incidents in the town's history.
It draws a few people a week.
McAllister is hoping the National
Park Service will help turn Matewan ;
into a tourist attraction. He envisions
a museum within 10 years.
It's been 100 years this month
since a jury sentenced eight Hatfield
clan members to life in prison and
ordered a ninth hanged for the slay
ing of five McCoys, ending the blood
shed in which 10 to 20 people died.
But most participants died of old
age. The Hatfields' patriarch, Wil
liam Anderson "Devil Anse" Hat
field, found religion and gained
community respect before he died in
1921 at the age of 83. His grave at
Sarah Ann in Logan County is marked
by a towering Italian marble sculp
ture of him.
The leader of the McCoys, Ran
dolph "Old Ran'I" McCoy, embit
tered by the deaths of five of his 16
children, moved to town in Pikeville,
Ky., dying in 1910 at age 85. i
Buried with them are the real rea- i
sons behind the feud in the heart of
Appalachia.
journa
tion available, has been repeatedly at;
tacked by the government for its report
ing on the democracy movement.
China ordered seven reporters, in
eluding two from VOA, to leave during
the crisis in June which led to troops
firing on demonstrators, killing hun
dreds and perhaps thousands.
from page 1
dent government, said he had just started
his investigation into C-TOPS. He plans
to talk to both this summer's orienta
tion commissioners and those of past
summers, as well as Hunter, he said.- '
Some of his suggestions to improve
C-TOPS may include athree-hour credit
course for commissioners during the
spring semester and higher salaries.
"But for now, that's a little ways
down the road," Hall said. "At this
point, this is just an individual check by
me into the problem. I'm simply an
outside, unbiased observer trying to
help."
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