2The Daily Tar HeelThursday, October 19, 1989
-World and Nation. J
Leader of EasIL Germany
From Associated Press reports
BERLIN Hard-line East German
leader Erich Honecker, who oversaw
the building of the Berlin Wall, stepped
down Wednesday and was replaced by
a younger Communist Party loyalist
amid growing unrest and calls for
democratic reform.
Two other ruling Politburo members
also lost their jobs in a shake-up during
a meeting of the Communist Party
Central Committee, but changes from
Honecker's course were unlikely.
Communist Party leaders have made
it clear they will resist pro-democracy
movements like those under way in
Warsaw Pact allies Poland and Hun
gary, which on Wednesday approved
constitutional amendments creating a
democratic political system.
Tens of thousands of East Germans
have fled the country in recent months,
turning their backs on the rigid authori
tarian system, and thousands of citi
zens have staged massive demonstra
Former ANC prisoners recall experiences
From Associated Press reports
SOWETO, South Africa Walter
Sisulu was mocked by guards, strip
searched and forced to break rocks in a
quarry during 26, years in prison, but
news of the struggle against apartheid
kept him from despair.
"I never had the feeling I was at the
lowest," the 77-year-old African Na
tional Congress (ANC) leader said
Wednesday. "There were moments I
felt very much in high spirits ... every
time there was a movement, a strike"
on the outside.
Sisulu and two ANC colleagues,
Elias Motsoaledi and Ahmed Kathrada,
recalled prison life during an interview
at a Soweto church with American
journalists.
They and senior ANC leader Nelson
Mandela were convicted of planning
anti-government sabotage and sen
tenced to life terms in 1964. Mandela
remains in prison, but Sisulu, Motsoa
ledi, Kathrada and two others sentenced
Hungary ends one-party communist rule,
From Associated Press reports
BUDAPEST, Hungary In the
glare of television lights, Parliament
changed the country's communist name
and created a democratic system
Wednesday by adopting key constitu
tional amendments.
Amendments formally ending one
party domination in Hungary, regulat
ing free elections by next summer and
creating the office of state president
won overwhelming approval at the
nationally televised session of Parlia
ment. The country was renamed the Re
public of Hungary. Like other Soviet
bloc nations, it had been known as a
Space shuttle completes successful
From Associated Press reports
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. Space
shuttle Atlantis finally lifted off
Wednesday on its controversial mis
sion to send the nuclear-powered Gali
leo probe to Jupiter for the closest look
yet at the colossus of the solar system.
"You looked marvelous going up,"
Mission Control told commander Don
Williams as the winged spacecraft
reached orbit after two launch post
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University Square
143 W. Franklin St.
Downtown Chapel Hill
tions in recent weeks.
Honecker's replacement, 52-year-old
Egon Krenz, has a reputation as a
hard-liner opposed to the growing pro
democracy movement. The state-run
news agency ADN said Krenz would
take over as Communist Party chief,
head of state and head of the military,
replacing his mentor in all three roles.
The 77-year-old Honecker, who was
reported ill following a gall bladder
operation in August, said he was re
signing for health reasons.
"My health no longer allows me to
bring the energy to bear that the fate of
our party and people requires today and
in the future," he said in a statement
carried by ADN.
Krenz, the youngest member of the
Politburo, is known as a tough backer
of the country's orthodox communist
structure. He had been in charge of
internal security issues and government
run youth organizations while being
groomed as Honecker's successor.
with them were among eight long-term
political prisoners freed uncondition
ally Sunday.
The ANC is the biggest group fight
ing white domination in South Africa.
After their convictions, the ANC
leaders were sent to a maximum-security
prison on Robben Island, off Cape
Town.
"At the early stages, they (guards)
went out of their way, as they openly
stated to us, to crush us, to break our
morale," said Kathrada, 60. "They tried
to instill into our minds that we would
be forgotten factors in a few years'
time."
He recalled a jailer with a swastika
tattoo who said, "I've come to fight a
war."
"We started off chopping stones,
breaking big stones into small stones
and small stones into smaller stones,"
Kathrada said. "In 1965, we started
working at a lime quarry, with picks
and shovels."
"people's republic" since 1949.
But the chamber stalled on one key
move toward democracy, postponing a
decision on opposition calls for a refer
endum on when to elect the head of
state. Government leaders want the
election next month, but opposition
leaders say it's too soon.
Nonetheless, speaker of Parliament
Matyas Szueros, who takes over as
acting president until a new head of
state is elected, proclaimed Wednes
day a historic day for Hungary.
"A parliamentary democracy and a
legal state is being built in Hungary on
the ruins of a dictatorship of sorts,"
Szueros reportedly told the Yugoslav
ponements.
"I feel a lot better," said Williams.
The Galileo's troubles including
money problems over the years and
recent protests over its nuclear power
supply were left behind, and the
probe was ready to begin its six-year,
2.4 billion-mile roundabout journey to
Jupiter.
The astronauts were to release the
probe from Atlantis' cargo bay later in
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"I told the Central Committee that I
realize this is a difficult task that I have
taken over," Krenz told East German
television after his appointment. "In
th is very compl icated time there is much
work before us."
During a recent visit to China, Krenz
led an East German delegation that
expressed support for the way Chinese
leaders handled pro-democracy pro
tests in June. The protests were crushed
when Chinese soldiers moved in with
tanks and guns, and hundreds of people
were killed.
However, Communist Party sources
have said it was Krenz's decision to ask
East German police to stop attacking
pro-democracy demonstrators earlier
this month in East Berlin and Dresden.
The demonstrations were the largest
in the nation's 40-year history.
In West Germany, the mass-circulation
newspaper B ild reported that Krenz
was considering loosening travel re
strictions for East Germans.
That continued for 10 years.
He and other prisoners of Indian
descent, and those of mixed race, ini
tially were treated better than black
prisoners, Kathrada said. Sisulu and
other blacks were forced to wear short
pants even in winter, were not provided
with socks and were not given bread, he
told reporters.
Sisulu said: "We used to come back
from work on very cold days no hot
water. We stripped naked outside, then
passed through a cold shower of sea
water."
At one stage, Sisulu was deprived of
solid food for three days and Mandela
for six because prison authorities de
cided they had not worked hard enough.
In May 1971, pro-independence
guerrillas from Namibia were trans
ferred to Robben Island and clashed
with guards, Kathrada said.
"We embarked on a hunger strike
and they decided to punish us further.
They came one night, many of them
news agency Tanjug.
The voting came on the heels of
another landmark decision the dis
solution of the Communist Party and its
replacement by the Hungarian Social
ist Party, which vows commitment to a
democratic system while continuing
for the moment to dominate national
politics.
Parliament also began discussion of
a law that will regulate the operation
and finances of political parties in the
first multi-party elections since 1947.
Among the 94 modifications were
amendments eliminating all references
to the leading role of the dissolved
Communist Party.
the day. The shuttle circled Earth at an
altitude of 184 miles.
Although concern over the Galileo's
49.4-pound plutonium power supply
was argued in court, it drew no protest
ers to the Kennedy Space Center on
launch day. Environmentalists had
argued that a Challenger-like accident
could scatter deadly plutonium-238
over Florida.
Nothing like that happened Wednes
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The difficulty of getting permission
to travel outside the country has been
one of the main complaints among citi
zens. East German television said Soviet
President Mikhail Gorbachev, who has
sponsored many of the reforms sweep
ing Eastern Europe, congratulated
Krenz on his appointment.
President Bush held out the prospect
of improved relations with East Ger
many but suggested it was "way too
early " to say whether the changes could
pave the way.
The two other Politburo members
who lost their jobs figure heavily in
recent internal criticism.
Joachim Herrmann, 60, ran the
country's news media as a vehicle for
pro-government propaganda and for
barbed attacks on the "imperialist"
West. In recent days, the news media
have been printing more criticism in an
attempt at openness.
very drunk, and they stripped us all
naked. We faced the wall. This was a
simple question of wanting to humili
ate and punish us."
An older prisoner, Govan Mbeki,
almost suffered a heart attack, Kathrada
said, but the hunger strike continued.
"We were meeting the oppressor at
close hand. It helped to keep us united.
What kept our morale up was our con
fidence in our beliefs ... confidence that
we are going to triumph sooner or later.
Of that we had no doubt at any stage."
Pressure by prisoners eventually
ended the discrimination between ra
cial groups and won other concessions,
including permission to study and
engage in sports, Kathrada said. They
were allowed newspapers in 1980 and
radio and television in 1986.
He expressed gratitude to the Inter
national Red Cross and to Helen
Suzman, a retired opposition member
of Parliament, for campaigning on
behalf of the prisoners.
"Political parties may be freely es
tablished and may freely function," the
amendment declared.
An entirely new constitution is to be
drawn up and adopted by the new Par
liament after the national elections, but
Justice Minister Kalman Kulcsar has
said the amendments were necessary to
make next year's elections legal.
The new post of president of the
republic replaces the 21 -man collec
tive presidency that had broad powers,
including acting for Parliament when it
was not sitting, as well as overruling
parliamentary decisions.
Once the amendments take effect
this month, the presidential council will
launch after protests against probe
day, and even the weather cooperated.
Clouds and rain threatened to halt the
launch until the last minutes of the
countdown, but the clouds suddenly
dissipated and the shuttle darted into a
bright blue sky, trailing a 700-foot
geyser of fire.
The 132-ton Atlantis has a crew of
five for the mission that ends Monday
with a landing at Edwards Air Force
Base in California at 2:38 p.m. EDT.
For the
In the caption accompanying
Wednesday's article, "Mould delivers
solid solo show," the band pictured was
incorrectly identified. The band was
54.40.
Also, in Wednesday's article, "Ani
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EPA warns homeowners
agains radon gas dangers
From Associated Press reports
WASHINGTON Tests in eight
states by the Environmental Protec
tion Agency (EPA) show surpris
ingly widespread concentrations of
cancerous radon gas, including al
most three of every four homes tested
in Iowa, the agency said Wednesday.
The latest results prompted EPA
Adminstrator William Reilly to re
peat his agency's call for every
homeowner to test for radon.
Radon is a colorless, odorless and
radioactive gas produced by the decay
of uranium in all soil and rocks.
Seeping from the ground and con
centrating in houses, radon has been
blamed for up to 20,000 of the nation's
more than 130,000 annual lung can
cer deaths.
"Radon is one of the most serious
environmental health problems to
day. It is the second leading cause of
lung cancer (after smoking) in this
country," Reilly said at a news con
ference. He said radon tests have been
conducted in 37,000 homes in 25
states during the past two years and
about one-fourth showed unhealthy
radon.
Hit me with your best shot
HOUSTON No one can agree
on whose idea it was, but a defense
attorney has agreed to let the plain
tiffs in a lawsuit give him a beating
rather than ask his client to pay a
$50,000 settlement.
"I would love to hit him," said
Anna Manz of Cincinnati, whose
daughter sued over her husband's
death in a construction accident.
Lawyer Tom Alexander, who
represents Derr Construction Co. of
Euless, Texas, agreed to allow Mrs.
Manz, her daughter, Machelle Parks
and their attorneys take their best
shots at him.
"The cl ients are very pleased," said
Alexander. "He likes to have a law
yer, so to speak, who will go to the
mat for him."
adopts amendments
be dissolved and Szueros will assume
its powers until a president is elected.
The new president will be the commander-in-chief
of the armed forces,
will be authorized to call national and
regional elections and may initiate a
referendum.
The president may also dissolve
Parliament if it fails to approve a new
government or votes for no-confidence
in the government four times in one
year.
The new president may be stripped
of his office if he knowingly violates
the constitution or other laws and may
not be a leader of any political party.
Before the key votes, Premier Miklos
The $ 1 .5 billion mission already was
seven years behind schedule when
Atlantis was grounded by rain at the
last minute Tuesday and by a faulty
engine computer last week.
"It feels great," said NASA chief
scientist Lennard Fisk after lift-off. "It's
been a long time."
Williams' crew consists of pilot Mike
McCulley and mission specialists Ellen
Baker, Franklin Chang-Diaz and Shan-
Record
mal rights pamphlet targets UNC lab
reform," a quote by Andrew Peterson
saying "No worthwhile research is
coming out of it," was meant to refer to
a specific experiment, not to animal
research as a whole. The Daily Tar
Heel regrets the errors.
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News in Brief J
Derr Construction was one of
several defendants in a wrongful death
case brought by Mrs. Parks on behalf
of her husband, Billy Parks, 29;; a
foreman who was killed in a January
1987 construction fall in Houston". ;
t i
Mixed reviews on study !
WINSTON-SALEM Too few
septic tank sites across North Caro
lina were sampled recently to con
elude there is a widespread threat to
groundwater, state officials say, but
environmentalists argue the results
are shocking. ' '
The N.C. Groundwater Section, in
a 34-page analysis of samples taken
from five regions, concludes: "There
is no question that trace organic
compounds are present in the grouridr
water beneath most of the sites. In
some cases ... these compounds repr
resent a significant health threat.".. I
In one of the first surveys that the
state has made of some of the 1 ,473
large septic-tank systems in usei
groundwater contamination turned up
at all five sites tested: two elementary
schools, a car wash, a funeral home
and a furniture plant. : !
The sites are in Iredell, Chatham
Wayne, Henderson and Onslow
counties.
"It's a little bit dangerous to try to
draw conclusions," Perry Nelson, the
chief of the section, told the Winston
Salem Journal on Tuesday. "We're
really just scratching the surface, and
we need to go back and look at it
further." :
But Chip Hughes, a researcher for
the Clean Water Fund of North Caxo'r
lina Inc., said that the results are
shocking. '.
"We just thought we had a limited
problem, but when you look at this
study it shows that the problem is
more widespread and potentially
troublesome than we had believed."
Nemeth called an emergency Cabinet
meeting to discuss an opposition peti
tion to postpone the election to the new
state presidency, tentatively scheduled
for Nov.26, until after next year's par
liamentary elections. ;
Some opposition parties assert they
have no time or resources to organize
against Socialist Party candidate Imre
Pozsgay. Banking on an overall oppo
sition majority after next year's elec
tions, they want the president to be
appointed by the new Parliament. ;
Deputies backed Nemeth when he
suggested to Parliament that commit
tees should sort out the petition prob
lem later. ; !
non Lucid. ;
The lift-off was the start of a voyage
that will take the probe on a lodping
path past Venus in February, back to
within 620 miles of Earth in December
1990 and past Earth again at a 200-mile
altitude two years later. The craff will
arrive at Jupiter in December 1995 for
a two-year orbit.
As part of the mission, a robot will
separate from the Galileo spacecraft
and plunge through Jupiter's gaseous 1
atmosphere. "'
Scientists hope to gain insight into
the birth of the solar system by studying
Jupiter, which holds original material
from that event 14 billion years ago.
The planet's radius is 1 1 times that of
Earth and its mass 318 times greater.
The mission originally was to have
started in 1982, but money ran but.
Then the Challenger explosion in Janu
ary 1986 delayed all shuttle flights for
three years and prompted a change in
the rocket to propel Galileo.
The mission originally was budg
eted at $425 million. It will climb to
$1 .9 billion by the time Galileo finishes
a 10-orbit trip around Jupiter in 1997.
The sweeps past Earth and Verjus
will take advantage of the planets'
gravity to accelerate the spacecraft ;to
the proper speed, to reach its distant
target. Small on-board motors will firie-
tune the flight path.
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