4The Daily Tar HeelFriday, April 12, 1991
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Troops attack refugees
in protected zone
NICOSIA, Cyprus A Kurdish
rebel spokesman saidThursday that Iraqi
forces launched a major offensive
against rebel forces inside an area of
northern Iraq being protected by U.S.
forces.
; "Iraqi troops, supported by artillery,
tanks and helicopter gunships, attacked
our guerrilla positions north of
Salahuddin," said Hoshyar Zebari,
spokesman for the Kurdistan Demo
cratic Party.
Zebari, in a statement issued in
London, specifically noted the Iraqi
attack came north of the 36th parallel,
within the area the United States defined
as a protective zone for fleeing Kurds.
Iraqi forces also were using helicopter
gunships against rebel forces near
Zakho, not far from the Turkish border
and also within the U.S.-protected zone.
More than 2 million Kurds have fled
their homes in northern Iraq while a
smaller flight is under way in southern
Iraq by Shiite Moslems.
Stung by criticism that the United
States encouraged the revolts, but then
did not support them, U.S. officials
warned on Wednesday that American
forces would destroy any Iraqi aircraft
used against the fleeing Kurds in
northern Iraq.
Saudis announce end of
PLO financial support
DAMASCUS, Syria Saudi Arabia
informed the United States today that it
was cutting off financial support to the
Palestine Liberation Organization, a
senior U.S. official said.
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WORLD BRIEFS
Financial support from Saudi Arabia,
Kuwait and other oil-rich Arab coun
tries have helped make it possible for
Yasser Arafat's PLO to carry out its
guerrilla raids against Israel.
But the Saudis were disappointed
when the PLO backed Iraq in the Per
sian Gulf War.
Whatever the Saudis' motivation, a
suspension of financial support to the
PLO couid build confidence in Israel
that Arab attitudes are changing.
At the same time, the Saudis are
providing assistance to Palestinians who
live under Israeli rule on the West Bank
and in Gaza, the official said.
In that sense, the official said, the
Saudis are fulfilling a role of promoting
the Palestinians and their demands.
Hungarian ambassador
ordered to vacate post
BUDAPEST, Hungary Hungary's
ambassador to the United States, caught
up in a growing controversy over
Budapest's foreign policy, said Thurs
day he has been ordered to leave his
post within 48 hours.
Peter Zwack, a 57-year-old emigre
and wealthy businessman with no pre
vious diplomatic experience, renounced
his U.S. citizenship to enter politics in
his native Hungary last year.
Zwack's abrupt dismissal followed
his recall from Washington and his sug
gestion Monday that his boss, Foreign
Minister Geza Jeszenszky, resign.
The affair has stirred a flurry of criti
cism from opposition politicians and
the media about how Hungary's center
right government conducts foreign
policy.
The Associated Press
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Permaeent cease-fire
By Doug Hatch
Staff Writer
Thursday marked the official begin
ning of a permanent cease-fire in the
Persian Gulf, ending weeks of negotia
tions spelling out the specific terms of
the post-war agreement between Iraq
and the coalition forces.
Although Iraq agreed Saturday to the
terms mandated in United Nations
Resolution 678, the cease-fire did not
officially go into effect until Thursday
at 10 a.m.
The resolution, which Iraq considers
further confirmation of a "conspiracy"
against them, coincides with the almost
complete devastation of the country.
Since the war, Iraqis have suffered
under near-Stone Age living conditions
coupled with hunger, disease, civil un
rest and other hardships.
Iraq will be allowed to resume ex
porting and importing essential civilian
goods, such as food and medical sup
plies, which were placed under em
bargo by the Security Council soon
after their Aug. 2 invasion of Kuwait.
Under the conditions of the resolu
tion, Iraq must finish destroying all re
maining installations where biological,
chemical and nuclear weapons are
produced within their borders.
ane!it say pn
Jennifer Brett
Staff Writer
The American public can learn many
lessons from the Persian Gulf War,
panelists said at a discussion held at the
United Church of Christ Wednesday
night.
The gulf crisis created a rift between
the religious and political sectors of
America, said the Rev. Bob Seymour, a
member of the North Carolina Council
of Churches.
"There was a time when churches
rallied around the flag right along with
everyone else," Seymour said. "I'm
grateful that day is over. These days I
think we're living with a sort of Vietnam
paranoia."
Religious organizations throughout
the nation as well as the world united in
opposition to the war prior to the Jan. 1 5
deadline, Seymour said.
"The Anglican Church of Britain is
unique in that it did not actively oppose
the war at an International Council of
Churches symposium in Canada just
before the war broke out," he said. "All
other churches did. We believe this was
a war that should not have been fought,
and the criticism from churches every
where against the American
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Iraq also must agree to pay war repa
rations to Kuwait in excess of $8 bil
lion. After U.N. inspectors confirm Iraq's
dismantling of its weapons of mass
destruction, Iraqi assets frozen in foreign
countries will be released and Iraq will
be able to resume the exportation of oil.
The U.N. is now formulating plans
by which a certain amount of the profits
from Iraqi oil exports may be set aside
for paying reparations to Kuwait.
Whether Iraq will be allowed to im
port other non-military items freely in
the near future is part of an agenda set
forth by Resolution 687, adopted last
week by the U.N. Security Council.
In addition, the cease-fire terms
mandate that Iraq renounce its support
of international terrorism, recognize its
pre-invasion border with Kuwait, and
allow a force of U.N. security observers
to remain for an unspecified amount of
time in the border zones now occupied
by coalition forces.
Iraq's Foreign Minister Ahmed
Hussein accepted the resolution in a
letter to the U.N. secretary-general.
Ahmed Hussein called the resolution's
terms "unfair and vindictive," main
taining that coalition forces already had
destroyed any non-conventional weap
ons facilities Iraq may once have had.
government's decision to fight is tre
mendous." Negotiation and diplomacy could
have prevented war, Seymour said.
"War should, in all cases, be the
absolute last result," he said. "(America)
should have shown more patience and
should have been willing to engage in
serious diplomacy. Mr. Bush refused to
negotiate, however, preferring to issue
ultimatums."
Americans are celebrating the victory
over Iraq when they should be mourn
ing the deaths of the thousands of Iraqis
who died at the hands of American
troops, Seymour said.
"One of the evils of patriotism is that
it makes war seem ethical, even righ
teous," he said. "The slaughter of
thousands of people is not a cause to
celebrate. We need to embrace a spirit
of confession and repentance, not eu
phoria." Patrick O'Neill, a sports writer for
the Chapel Hill Newspaper and a
member of the pacifist group CARTTAS,
drew parallels between the gulf war and
sports events.
'This war was a game to many
people," O'Neill said. "We were con
sumed with who was winning and how
many jets each side was losing, not the
decorated
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He pointed out that Iraq was a signa
tory nation of both the 1925 Geneva
Protocol banning the use of poison gas
weapons as well as the 1968 nuclear
non-proliferation treaty.
The foreign minister also complained
that other countries in the region were
not necessarily bound to the applicable
terms of the resolution, citing that Iraq's
enemy Israel has nuclear weapons.
He claimed that the true "motive"
behind the resolution was that Iraq had
tried to change the situation the British
imposed on them many years ago when
it drew up borders for the Middle East,
"which made Israel the dominant ag
gressive power in the region."
Whether Iraq will comply with the
terms remains to be seen.
Most experts agree Iraq's ability to
meet the terms is not in question, al
though Iraq may claim otherwise and
attempt to find loopholes. The country
should have sufficient revenue from oil
production to cover reparations.
"(Paying the reparations) would set
them back to a pre-industrial state, but
they're already there now," said Herbert
Bodman, UNC professor of history.
Bodman said he compared the reso
lution in a recent lecture to the Treaty of
Versailles, which forced the defeated
Germans to pay enormous reparations
lould learn from war
horrible immorality of the war."
Government propaganda and media
sensationalism created overwhelming
patriotism and support for the war, he
said.
"George Bush sold us on the war by
assuring us America would win,"
O'Neill said. "Then the military brain
washed thousands of young men into
doing the dirty work for war profiteers.
These kids were forced to slay people
they didn't know purely for the good of
the economy. That's just wrong."
The United States has been over
whelmed by the influences of evil,
O'Neill said.
"The White House, the Pentagon and
the military are all controlled by evil
men," he said. "Evil is the product of the
devil, and the manifestation of evil in
this country is evident."
The President's post-war popularity
promises aperilous future, O'Neill said.
"The new world order will bring more
violence and more death," he said. "God
is not on the side of warmongers. As
Jesus said, 'Blessed are the peacemak
ers.' While the American public was
reveling in the so-called victory against
Saddam Hussein, Jesus was weeping."
. .The gulf crisis had no new lessons to
teach, but served as a reminder of
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at the end of World War I. Germany-,
then was faced with hyperinflation,,
which caused the complete devastation
of the country and set the stage for
Hitler's rise to power.
"Iraqis are certainly going to resent
(the resolution) for a long time to come,"
he said.
Yet the resolution is seen by some in
the U.S. Congress as possibly beneficial
to the Middle East.
"We hope that we can reach some
political stability in the region," said
Rachel Perry, press secretary for Rep.
David Price, D-N.C.
Many see the resolution as a tool for
causing the overthrow of Saddam
Hussein because it is almost certain to
inflict more hardships on the Iraqi -people.
Yet ousting the dictator may be
harder to achieve now than experts
originally had thought because of the
strong support Saddam has among his
religious brethren the Sunni Muslims
who hold powerful positions in the
government and army.
The minority Sunnis will band to
gether because they fear the possibility
of ethnic Kurds forming a state in the
North, and Shiite Muslims' forming
another one in the South, according to
Bodman. Both groups generally harbor
antipathy for Saddam's regime.
society's ills, said peace educator ;
Marion O'Malley.
"The war reinforced what peace ac
tivists have long known," she said.
"America is the most violent country in
the world. Enemy-making with a ven
geance seems to be necessary to get
ahead in a political agenda."
Multicultural training, beginning in
kindergarten, is necessary to improve
the violent nature of American society,
O'Malley said.
"We need to educate our youth so
they will see people of other nations as
friends, not target practice," she said.
"Education needs to be radically dif
ferent. Our children should learn em
pathy and negotiation, rather than the
importance of winning."
American materialism and journal
istic sensationalism are to blame for the ;
public's approval of violence and war, ;
O'Malley said. ;
"Peace isn't newsworthy," she said.
"People have been led to believe that
violence is normal and war is inevitable.
We are blinded to the atrocities of our
society. We have accepted a role as the
world's mercenary policemen, and
while we're good at pro-war slogans,
we must realize that our infrastructure
is crumbling."
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