The Daily Tar HeelMonday, September 30, 19915
Bush calls for resolution repeal to further peace efforts
By Laura Laxton
. Stiff Writer
;' In a maneuver that many experts are
: labeling as a political ploy. President
: Bush asked the United Nations last week
to repeal its 1975 resolution equating
. Zionism with racism.
Zionism, the effort of the Jewish
people to regain and retain their biblical
homeland, has led to a continued con-
troversy over Israel's occupation of the
predominantly Palestinian West Bank
and Gaza Strip.
"Bush has many, many chips in his
Misdemeanor
hands right now money, arms and so
on and he is willing to play them,"
said Fred Newman, director of the
Castillo Cultural Center, a group de
signed to increase cultural awareness.
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak
Shamir responded Tuesday to Bush's
proposal by denying the existence of
the Green Line, the common name for
the border between the occupied terri
tories and Israel.
Shamir's statements imply that the
occupied territories are a legitimate part
of Israel, recorded in the Bible as a gift
from God to the Jewish people.
"By doing this, Israel is essentially
say ing they can 't compromise on some
thing that doesn't exist," said Curt Ryan,
UNC graduate student in international
relations and Middle Eastern politics.
Shamir's declaration may hinder the
acceptance of President Bush's pro
posal, but it should not stop the upcom
ing Middle Eastern peace conference.
"The issue of whetherZionism equals
racism is an important issue, but it is
being peddled away in modern poli
tics," Newman said.
Bush is pulling strings to realign po
litical forces in the Middle East,
from page 1
tory prison terms.
Woodall said the state should estab
lish a sentencing category for habitual
' offenders. "They should serve at least
50 percent of the sentence, but I think
that's the best we're ever going to do."
Mandatory sentencing legislation for
habitual misdemeanants might help by
acting as a deterrent and by keeping
criminals off the streets longer, but some
say it might cause other problems.
Stevens Clark, a professor at the In
stitute of Government, said one prob
lem with the proposal is that "if you put
more (criminals) of one kind in, you
have to let some of another kind out."
That likely would include harder
criminals. North Carolina has focused
SAT
more on incarcerating felons than
misdemeanants in the past two decades.
'The number of misdemeanants in
prison declined from 38 percent of the
prison population in 1 970 to 8.8 percent
in 1 989," Clark wrote in the periodical
Popular Government. The lower per
centage is partially the result of legisla
tion that has "drastically short(ened)
the time misdemeanants serve in prison."
Area law enforcement officials are
frustrated by habitual misdemeanants,
though some have become case-hardened.
Most said they tried to do what
they could but doubted they could do
much to improve the situation.
Woodall said: "It's just the way it is,
that you have court regulars. I am pre-
from page 1
reply. He never asked about it after that,
Ringwalt said.
., "Idecidedthat ifmy superiors wanted
to follow it up they would have," he
said.
Ringwalt and Meyer said they didn't
, know why North Carolina's scores re
mained low after Ihey were corrected.
"It could be the social climate of the
state, how much we spend on educa
. tion, or it could be an error in the test,"
Meyer said.
-.., Gerry House, superintendent of
Chapel Hill-CarrboroCity Schools, said
SAT scores are higher for students who
have taken advanced classes in high
school.
"Overall SAT scores are intended to
predict how well a student will do in
college level work," she said. "High
scores are a result of a combination of
taking higher level courses and doing
well in them and having a better under
standing of the test format. We should
encourage children to take higher level
classes."
pared for it, so I don't let it get me down.
I can't change it."
Pamela McSwain, an Orange County
parole and probation officerfor 1 1 years,
is not as tough. "Sometimes I wonder if
I'm wasting my time," she said. "I feel
that we're fighting a losing battle . . . and
it's getting worse, more so than better."
OrangeCounty'sparole officers have
high case loads, up to 140 cases, which
make it difficult to spend more than 10
1 5 minutes with each parolee, she said.
Many criminals "feel they can get
away with it, and a lot of them are
getting away with it because of the
prison overcrowding," she said.
Frick said he knows several habitual
misdemeanants on a first-name basis
and is wary when he sees them in stores.
"If we see them, we know they are there
to shoplift."
Carrboro Police Capt. Ben Callahan
said he did not believe in rehabilitation
for habitual misdemeanants.
"They are not goingtoobey the norms
of society and the way they show that is
through criminal activity. Nothing that
we can do ... is going to change that.
'The only thing that can be done to
protect the rest of society from these
people is to incarcerate them, and that's
not happening either," he said.
Editor's note: "Charlie" is a ficti
tious name for an actual person.
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Newman said. Through this maneuver
ing, Bush hopes to build up support for
American interests and to effect stabil
ity in this turbulent region.
The implications of the 1975 U.N.
resolution extend beyond the context of
Israel and the Middle East.
"Zionism is defined as Jewish na
tionalism," Ryan said. "So, if Zionism
is racist, then that calls into question the
legitimacy of any nationalist move
ment." The United States has long opposed
the 1975 resolution, which labeled Zi
onism "a form of racism and racial
discrimination" and called it "a threat to
world peace and security."
"I think the bad chemistry between
Shamir and Bush is coming into play
here," said Joe Stork, editor of the
Middle East Report magazine.
Bush is asking Congress to delay
payments on $ 1 0 billion in loan guaran
tees until after the upcoming peace con
ference. Israel plans to use the money to
fund housing for Soviet immigrantsover
the next five years.
The intimate involvement of the
United States in Middle Eastern affairs
stems from its powuf'il international
status. Stork said. "The U.S. is far and
away the dominant outside power in the
Middle East today."
Since 1967, the U.S. has considered
Israel's occupation of the West Bank
and Gaza Strip t" ie illegal. This has
always sened a a major obstacle to
relations between the two countries.
Stork said.
"The continued settlements have also
been an obstacle in getting the Arabs to
ait-nd a contcreiu.;, flitch is why the
administration is choosing to take a
stand now," Stork said.
About 1.7 million Palestinians cur
rently live in the occupied territories
alongside over 100,000 Israeli residents.
"The issue of a homeland has been a
unifying, central issue among the Arab
countries," Newman said. "Palestine
could, however, lose on this in the con
ference." The only guarantee about the confer
ence is that there will be extremists on
both sides who will not be able to reach
an agreement on anything, Ryan said.
The key to making the conference work
is getting the moderates to work toward
a compromise, he said.
"Even'if nothing substantial gets ac
complished at the conference, it will
still succeed because everybody will sit
down together for the first time," Ryan
said. "We need to see this as an ongoing
process."
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