4The Daily Tar HeelThursday,
British study shows
By Alia Smith
Staff Writer '
Despite opposition from some re
search groups, a recent scientific study
shows that holes in the ozone layer
might be forming over the Arctic simi
lar to those already evident over Earth's
Antarctic regions.
John Austin, principal scientific of
ficer at Britain's meteorological office
in Bracknell, England, conducted the
study. Austin said that the increased
levels of carbon dioxide being emitted
into the lower stratosphere were caus
ing lower temperatures. These lower
temperatures then cause an increased
Tenure
areas prior to receiving tenure. He has
received tenure twice once at the
University of Kentucky in 1983 and at
UNC in 1 989. Lowery came to UNC in
1985.
Lowery also has published three
books about his findings and approxi
mately 70 journal and magazine ar
ticles. Lowery said he thought the political
science department' s tenure policy gave
a great deal of weight to both research
and teaching.
"The department has a very strong
teaching reputation," he said.
"At the same time, we are one of the
most productive research units in the
country. We think that we emphasize
both and do both very well."
Stewart and Michael Folio, another
assistant professor of geology, have done
numerous amounts of field work in their
departments and are working together
on the research that earned Stewart the
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production of cjilorine, which is the
agent that acts to destroy the ozone, he
said.
"The holes that may form over the
Arctic won't be nearly as severe as
those already present over the Antarc
tic,' Austin said in a telephone inter
view from England.
Austin's study has met opposition
from other research institutions. Kent
Jeffreys, director of environmental stud
ies at the Competitive Enterprise Insti
tute in Washington, D.C., said he dis
agreed with Austin's findings.
"It is essentially impossible for this
to happen," Jeffreys said. "This report
is extremely premature and wrong. It is
$50,000 grant.
Both Stewart and Folio, who was
denied tenure last year, currently are
preparing work on the project, in which
they will study rock formations in the
Appenine Mountains of Italy.
Folio also has done research on rock
formations in North Carolina and along
the Tennessee border.
He said he hoped to use his study of
sedimentary rock to explain different
aspects of tectonic evolution.
Every summersince coming to UNC,
Folio, who won the 1991 Undergradu
ate Teaching Award, has done field
work with graduate students or on his
own for approximately one month to six
weeks.
During the academic year. Folio also
does field work with his students by
taking them on trips to places such as
the Grand Canyon.
"I think it is very important to try to
get out and take field trips with my
9290990
i
hopping
holes in ozone layer
not based on empirical evidence but on
computer simulations," he added.
"It's an interesting article, but there
is no chance that it could occur. The
theory flies in the face of well-established
meteorological facts,"he said.
Austin said a hole in the ozone ex
isted when 50 percent of the ozone layer
was depleted. However, any alteration
of the ozone layer could cause increased
levels of ultraviolet rays, Austin said.
He added that ultraviolet rays could
cause cancer and be dangerous to wild
life, especially at the higher latitudes.
"Generally speaking, the UV rays
would increase by a factor of two, pro
viding there are no other factors that
students," he said.
Folio said he took an average of two
field trips per semester, and during
spring break, he accompanies a group
of students to the Grand Canyon.
"That requires a huge amount of
preparation, and I think it is a great
experience for my students, seeing ge
ology first hand," he said.
"It's a huge investment of time, and
unfortunately that's time that doesn't
really count for anything that leads to
tenure."
Some of the research Folio currently
is doing was initiated by some of his
student field trips.
"I have gone back to Southern Utah
and have done research on my own that
was sort of initiated by field trips," he
said.
In addition to grant work, Stewart
has done field work in New Mexico,
studying a large fault block mountain
range, a formation common in the Rocky
Mountains.
The studies of the mountains might
help explain the formation of the rocks,
Stewart said.
His research in northern New Mexico
has been going for one and a half years,
and the $50,000 grant is the result of
three years work in the Appenines.
But Mary Sue Coleman, vice chan
cellor for graduate's tu dies and research,
said the University gained very little
financially from the grants received by
professors.
The University charges the founda
tions providing the grant overhead fees.
These fees go to supplying the mate
rials needed for the research via the
purchasing department and the mainte
nance of the facilities used, Coleman
said.
Each amount allotted in the overhead
First Annual Student Essay Competition on Urban Livability
Supported by The Professors Charles and Shirley Weiss
Urban Livability Program
$1,000 Prize for Winning Essay
The nation's cities today face problems of crisis proportions that require
creative and often interdependent solutions. Against the backdrop of the
twenty-fifth anniversary of the Report of the National Advisory Commission
on Civil Disorders (the Kerner Commission), the UNC School of Law, the
Graduate School and the College of Arts and Sciences, with financial support
from the Professors Charles and Shirley Weiss Urban Livability Program, are
jointly sponsoring the inaugural Weiss Urban Livability Symposium focusing
on the deepening problems confronting our cities at the close of the twentieth
century.
The theme of this national symposium to be held on campus on February
12-13, 1993 is The Urban Crisis of Racial IsolationThe Kerner Commission
Report Revisited, which will also be the theme of the inaugural Weiss Essay
Competition on Urban Livability.
This announcement solicits abstracts of no more than 500 words from
students wishing to enter the essay contest. The abstracts will be reviewed by
a faculty committee appointed by the Dean of the Graduate School, and
authors of the most promising abstracts will be invited to prepare essays of no
more than 5,000 words on their chosen topic.
Authors of the selected abstracts will be invited to participate in the
Symposium, and the prize essay will be considered for publication in the
symposium issue of the North Carolina Law Review that will contain the
papers of other contributing authors.
Completed abstracts are due at 5 p.m. Monday, January 18, 1993, at the
Office of the Dean of the Graduate School at 200 Bynum Hall. Abstracts
selected for the Weiss Essay Competition will be announced on February 1,
1993, and completed essays will be due on Wednesday, March 31, 1993.
The essay competition is open to all enrolled undergraduate, graduate and
professional school students at UNC-CH. The author of the winning essay will
receive a cash prize of $1,000.
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cjfrj (fit itifci0ltiMtmm
might absorb it," he said.
But Jeffreys said that even if all the
conditions were absolutely correct and
such holes did begin to form, the ultra
violet radiation would be insignificant.
Britain ' s study used a simplified com
puter model of Earth's stratosphere and
a simulation of winter and spring sea
sons over the Arctic if levels of carbon
dioxide were increased, Austin said.
"If the holes do form, I expect them
in the next 50 to 75 years. However,
after that, holes, according to our study,
will only form once every five winters,"
Austin said.
Despite the importance of further
ozone studies, Jeffreys said he thought
fees has to be justified by the University
to the federal government and is nego
tiated during a three year period.
"The cost of doing the actual re
search is more than any of the overhead
fees," Coleman said.
"It is a very good deal. We already
have the resources here at the Univer
sity, and what the agencies are doing is
giving the money to tap into that brain
power."
The state also takes a portion of these
overhead fees from UNC and N.C. State
University, the UNC-system's other
research university.
The speech communication
department's tenure policy recently
came under fire by students in the wake
of the denial of tenure to Assistant Pro
fessor Paul Ferguson.
Ferguson, who appealed his case to
the Committee on Faculty Hearings, is
expected to find out this week whether
his contract will be terminated at the
end of 1993.
Candidates for tenure in the speech
communication department are evalu
ated on three criteria: researchpublica
tion, teaching and service to the profes
sion. Ferguson was denied tenure on two
occasions and was recommended for
tenure without promotion two times.
At the first meeting of the Speech
Communication Advisory Committee
in October 1991, he was denied tenure
and promotion by a unanimous vote.
In the second and third meetings in
March and April of 1992, the advisory
committee voted unanimously to rec
ommend tenure without promotion, but
each time the recommendation was re
turned by Birdsall.
At the group' s fourth meeting in Sep
tember 1992, the advisory committee
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forming over Arctic
many researchers were using this new
theory in order to receive more funding.
"It insults me to see scientists conduct
this kind of 'research' for more money
and funding in the future," he said.
"This study is rather tenuous scientifi
cally." Although the research fields disagree
on the information's validity, the new
ozone studies are receiving direct atten
tion from various environmental groups.
"Ozone depletion is definitely a real
ity and this study needs to be taken very
seriously," said Mark Glyde, a member
of Greenpeace's ozone campaign.
"A study by NASA predicted a 30 to
40 percent depletion in the ozone which
denied Ferguson tenure and promotion.
Ferguson said his contract stipulated
that his research obligations would be
in creative research.
"That means researching, writing,
adapting and compiling scripts," he said.
"After I produce the scripts, I audition,
rehearse and produce a public perfor
mance." His major projects are reviewed by
other universities.
Each year, Ferguson takes on a large
creative research project and a number
of minor projects.
In his first six years at the University,
he either adapted and produced or per
formed in 46 creative research projects.
"I also get credit (toward tenure) for
performing at national festivals as well
as the number of productions I run,"
Ferguson said.
Ferguson said he had received more
grants than anyone else in his depart
ment during the time he had been at
UNC.
Ferguson said he thought the Univer
sity tenure policy should be reformed.
He suggested that candidates for ten
ure should be allowed to make presen
tations before the advisory committee
and that more people directly related to
the candidates' field should be involved
in the decision-making process.
But William Balthrop, associate pro
fessor and chairman of the speech com
munication department, said he thought
that teaching was very highly valued in
the department, despite the controversy
about Ferguson's denial.
"Of course, teaching is involved in
the evaluation in tenure, and teaching is
very highly valued in our department,"
Balthrop said.
"We take a great deal of pride in the
quality of the teaching we give, and we
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will begin to take effect in the next five
to 20 years," he said. "We expect that it
may reach as far south as the northeast
United States.
Glyde said one of Greenpeace's top
projects was to stop the production of
chlorine-bearing pollutants. "But none
of the reduction of chlorine policies are
set to take effect until 1996," he said.
"And every year, more and more chlo
rine is sent up there, and it hangs around
for years.
"If you talk to people in southern
Australia or Antarctica, they will tell
you how real the effects of ozone deple
tion are. UV rays are a serious, serious
problem."
from page 1
make a lot of effort to make sure it
remains high."
Balthrop has performed research on
contemporary rhetorical theory and rhe
torical criticism.
Prior to receiving tenure, he pub
lished approximately eight articles on
rhetoric. Balthrop did not win a Univer
sity teaching award until after receiving
tenure.
"Certainly teaching was considered,"
he said.
"There were peer evaluations; fac
ulty members who were making deci
sions about tenure visited my classes.
"They looked at Carolina course re
views, all of those kind of things."
Another aspect to the tenure decision
is the amount and type of service an
instructor has given to his or her depart
ment and to the University.
Balthrop said he believed that ser
vice and quality were important in his
case.
"I think one of the other things that
was important, at least in my case, while
I may have not had as many publica
tions as some other faculty members,
three of those (articles) were recog
nized as outstanding research mono
graphs or research articles in the field,1"
Balthrop said.
Balthrop was active on committees
within the Speech Communication As
sociation and was chairman of the Na
tional Debate Tournament Committee.
Balthrop said he believed that par
ticularly at UNC, research and teaching
were extremely compatible.
"In fact, it is the research interest of
the faculty that help make them such
good teachers," he said.
"They are on the cutting edge, and
they carry that enthusiasm into the class-
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