Wednesday, July 3, 1963
The Retreat From The Frontiers Os Freedom
An address delivered on June
29, 1963, at Appalachian State
Teachers College, as a part of
the North Carolina Tercentenary
Celebration. Dr. Graham, former
president of .the University here
and former United Stab , Senator
from North Carolina, is now a
United Nations mediator.
By FRANK P. GRAHAM
This celebration of Daniel
Boone’s crossing the Blue Ridge,
as a significant part of the com
memoration of the 300th anniver
sary of the birth of Carolina,
comes at a timely hour. It will
serve to awaken our people
against a possible trend of re
action and retreat from the fron
tiers of freedom of the mind and
equal suffrage for all.
TWO RECENT EVENTS
North Carolina, which under
the valiant leadership of Bickett
and Morrison, abolished the poll
tax, has failed to ratify the Con
stitutional amendment, sponsored
by Senator Holland of Florida,
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which would abolish the poll tax
in the remaining five states
where its cumulative prohibition
excludes many patriotic Ameri
cans, white and colored, from the
right to vote. North Carolina,
the historic home of complete
freedom of political and ideolo
gical discussion, has suddenly
shown a lack of faith in the ro
bustness of our free American
democratic institution by restrict
ing the complete freedom of po
litical and ideological discussion
in our state colleges.
THE TYRANNY OF THE
COMMUNIST LINE VIOLATES
ACADEMIC FREEDOM
A member of the Communist
party who is necessarily under
the tyranny of the party line and
therefore automatically without
freedom of mind has no valid
place as a teacher in a free uni
versity. Any speaker, while un
der lawful indictment for treason,
has no valid claim to speak in
a free university which might be
found in violation of federal law
if he were later found guilty of
treason. Responsible student or
ganizations should have freedom
to invite and to hear speakers of
unpopular views, whether to the
right, the left, or in the middle.
It may be recalled that the
President of the University was
in the thirties admonished by 1 a
patriotic North Carolinian be
cause Norman Thomas, on stu
dents’ invitations, spoke several
times from the University plat
form. When, again in the thir
ties, the President was attacked
by some Democrats because the
Republican candidate for vice
president, in response to the in
vitation of students, spoke in
Memorial Hall, the person who
came most vigorously to his de
fense was the very man who
questioned the propriety of Nor
man Thomas having that free
dom. When reminded by his
friends, he replied in character
istic good humor,. "I am just be
ginning to get the idea. The Uni
versity of the people belongs to
no one party but to all parties
and all the people.”
STUDENTS SHOULD HAVE
FREEDOM TO DISCUSS
AND LEARN
Law abiding students should
not be dismissed from a college
because of their political views,
however mistaken those views
might be. The best way for most
of the usual handful of such stu
dents to learn the errors of their
views is in the uncensored dis
cussion of a decently free cam
pus democracy.
It may be recalled that when
the demand was made, during
the depression and the recovery,
that a handful of extreme leftist
students at Chapel Hill be dis
missed, we refused. Most of
those few learned the error of
their ways and later fought and
some died for America and free
Letter From Papa D
The first thing which strikes
you on the Vienna street is the
traffic. There are still the good
old electric trolley cars which
rumble noisily on their tracks in
the center of the street. Long,
narrow and very vibrant, they
still have overhead wire connec
tions which makes the street cov
ered with wire nets. The motors
and their drivers are the same
as 50 years ago and they still
use the foot operated bell which
they sound furiously if the tracks
aren’t clear. In the older model,
you enter or leave at any door
you choose. In the newer model,
yob can only enter in the rear
and leave in the front. The con
ductors who hand you your tick
et arc polite and courteous, but
their uniforms and appearance
are rather on the shabby side
and this is especially true of the
girl conductors, whose hair and
whole appearance is no credit to
Vienna.
Next, the buses are the very
popular means of transportation
but you better hold on to the
overhead straps as the combina
tion of a rather light-weight ve
hicle with the cobblestone paved
street makes this a rather rough
ride, which is not too recommend
ed after a good Viennese meal.
Here the conductor sits behind
a tiny desk at the entrance and
you have to pass and buy your
ticket before proceeding inside
the bus. But/it seems as if the
Viennese, despite the cheap fare
on the trolleys and buses (10-20
cents) prefer to commute by car,
and if you judge by the amount
of cars which populate the streets
you get the idea that everybody
has a car. The streets are vir
tually covered with cars and you
get the impression of a big army
of ants busily going in every di
rection. The fact that these are
almost all small compact cars
makes the comparison with ants
still more real. Every car you
see seems to be a Volkswagen but
on closer look you find a sprink
ling of Mercedes (small model)
as well as Opels, DKWs, Simcas,
Hillmans, etc. There can be no
doubt whatsoever that the VW
is the car of the hour. Three
and four abreast, they occupy the
whole street, passing you right
or left at a dangerous pace with
no speed limit whatsoever.
There is no speed limit or reg
ulation and the driver’s manual
tells you that you have to drive
at a speed which will allow you
control of this car on the high
ways at all times. Big American
cars are virtually non-existent
and you have to go a long way
to find one. Standing on the
street and observing this free-for
all race of cars you don’t under
stand how they managj to get
anywhere in one piece. There
are plenty of light signals, traf
fic cops and all kinds of signs at
each comer, but it seems to me
that the authority here is more
concerned with regulating the
pedestrians than the cars.
There is here one method of
doing this which is really to a
certain extent the answer to the
crowded condition of people want
ing to cross the street on extra
busy points at the same time.
This meth jd is to build passage
ways under the focal points, al
lowing the people to use an esca
latpr on the other side. There
are already 6 or 8 of these under
street passage - ways and more
are being built.
These underground tunnels are
not only built very efficiently but
also with sound taste and adap
tation to the surroufidjngs. Also
there are shops, offices,
and exhibitions'Nvnich make the
tunnels not only practical but al
so points, of interest and commer
cial value.
To anybody coming to Vienia.
and wanting to-get back alive. I
can only say, don t bring your
American car along. I n Vienna
driving being already a very tor
tuous chore, parking is almost an
unpossible task. Like all large
THE CHAPEL HILL WEEKLY
dom in the world on the farthest
frontiers of human .liberty. In
Chapel Hill they were known and
in the open. In some other places,
it has later been said, such hand
fuls of students—perhaps no less
and may be mare in number—
were not in the open but wefe un
derground.
We need in these days to be
reminded of, and to be resourced
in, our Judaic-Christian, Ameri
can and North Carolina heritage
and hope. When some leaders in
the Sanhedrin wished tbsgnpf£ess
the views of followers of the radi
cal Jesus, the wise Gamaliel ad
vised them that if this new gos
pel be of God it could not be
overthrown and if not of God it
would come to naught. John
Milton said to those who would
repress freedom of print and
speech that they would actually
be suppressing themselves and
towns, and especially old ones,
Vienna has not been built fpr the
thousands of cars that are on the
street at all times.
Rule No. 1 is that on any street
where a trolley is operating no
car can park either day or night.
With trolleys on every street this
eliminates automatically 50% of
the parking area. Consequently
every empty place is loaded with
cars. With no regulation, park
ing meters, or attendants on du
ty, people are parking with no
consideration whatsoever, and
you are lucky if at your return
you can manage to get out of
your place. To make things still
worse, there are street repairs
all over. Much has been done
since the war, but more has to
be done and you will find barri
cades all over, which is not much
help to the parking problem.
Seeing all these thousands and
thousands of cars, observing the
unregulated and crazy speed of
the traffic, the passing on either
side, I figured that the rate of
accidents must be terrific. I
decided therefore, to visit the
traffic department of the city and
was more than amazed at the
results. Here are some of the
figures I was graciously given
by the head of this department:
There are today 300,003 register
ed cars in Vienna. From June
1,1962 to June 1 of 1963, the
number of registered cars has
increased by 20,000. - But, and
this is unbelievable, in the same
period, the accidents have de
creased by 660 and the fatalities
through car accidents by 16. In
the first 5 months of this year the
number of fatal accidents has
from 70 to 54, tlja amount
injured has dropped in the same
period from 3,500 to 2,800 and
the total of accidents from 5,700
to 4,800. The only increase, from
80 to 1,100, was recorded for dam
age to parked cars which, if you
report at once to the police,
don’t carry any fine or punish
ment: you are just responsible
for the damage. If, on the con
trary, you don’t report the dam
age and are found guilty of dam
aging a parked car, you get fin
ed. The increase of damage to
parked cars is more than under
standable and a result of the
impossibility of parking or, if
you are lucky enough to find a
parking space, to be able to get
out with your own and your
neighbor’s fender still in place.
Finally, don’t let us forget this
“Pest of the Street." the motor
bike and the scooter of which,
at present, there I are only 40,000
m Vienna “Yes Mr. Danziger,’’
the head of the traffic depart
ment says, "Only 40.000-you see
not long ago we had almost 100,-
000 of these noisejnonsters.”
—Edward Danziger
For bargains read the Week
ly classified ads.
THE BANK OF CHAPEL HILL
Shareholders’ Mealing
Notice is hereby given that, pursuant to call of
its directors, a special meeting of the shareholders
of The Bank of Chapel Hill will be held at its bank
ing house at 137 East Franklin Street, in the City of
Chapel Hill, State of North Carolina, on Monday,
July 15, 1963, at 2:00 P.M., for the purpose of con
sidering and determining by vote whether an agree
ment to merge the said bank and North Carolina
National Bank, located in Charlotte, State of North
Caiplina, under the applicable provisions of the laws
of the United States and of the State of North Caro
lina, shall be ratified and confirmed, subject to the
approval of the Comptroller of the Currency, Wash
ington, D. C„ and for the purpose of voting upon any
other matters incidental to the proposed merger of
the two banks. A copy of the aforesaid agreement,
executed by a majority of the directors of each of
the two banks, providing for the merger, is on file
at the bank and may be inspected during business
hours. ~
J. T., Gobbel
Executive Vice-President
the free institutions of England.
Thomas Jefferson said that he
had “sworn on the altar of God
eternal hostility to every form of
tyranny over the mind of man.”
With “the freedom to argue free
ly” he maintained that he had
“no fear of the outcome.” Wil
liam Gaston of North Carolina
made one of the great speeches
in the national Congress in be
half of civil liberties. William
L. Poteat of Wake Forest, Wal
ter Murphy of Salisbury, H. G.
Connor Jr. of Wilson, W. L. Long
of Halifax, H. W. Chase, W. H.
Odum, D. D. Carroll, H. H. Wil
liams, R. B. House, H. V. Wilson,
W. C. Coker, L. R. Wilson, Paul
Ranson and others of Chapel Hill,
stood as bulwarks for the freedom
of scientific inquiry and discus
sion in our colleges.
THE HERITAGE OF
NORTH CAROLINA
Let us recall that it was on
North Carolina shores that those
pioneering English families first
landed witn an adventuring hope,
which was in time to become
both the British Commonwealth
and the American Union. It was
from the valley of the Yadkin
in North Carolina that Daniel
Boone crossed the Blue Ridge
on through the Cumberland Gap
into what became Kentucky. He
would remind us today, of the
meaning of the free individual
and the untrammeled human
spirit in the making of America.
It was the people of North Caro
lina, in revolutionary convention
assembled at Halifax, who first
authorized their delegates to join
in an American Declaration of
national self - determination and
the equal freedom of all people.
It was at Halifax that Waighstill
Avery of Burke inserted in the
revolutionary constitution of 1776
the provision for a state univer
sity, which was to become the
first university of the people to
open its doors in the western
world.
John Locke, Secretary of the
Eight Lords Proprietors of Caro
lina, whose charter from King
Charles 11 we celebrate this 300th
anniversary year, led all the rest
in his vindication of the right of
the revolution of 1688 against the
tyranny of King James 11. Locke,
however, did not, in the Pcoprie-'
tors’ Constitution of Carolina in
1669, apply the principle of self-'
determination to colonial people.
It remaned for Thomas Jeffer
son, encouraged by the American
victory at Moore’s Creek in
North Carolina and the North
Carolina resolution at Halifax, to
apply the principle of the con
sent of the governed to colonial
peoples in what the President of
Indonesia has called “the first
successful revolt against colonial
ism in modern times." To make
successful this principle the sou
thern tide was turned by the
men of these western hills at
Kings Mountain and by the so!
diers of Greene at Guilford Court
House. Years before Horace
Mann, Archibald de Bow Mur
phey inspired by President Jo
seph Caldwell, projected a pro
gram of public schools and com
monwealth building, which, if it
had been generously adopted,
would have placed North Caro
lina foremost among *he States
of the Union. John Motley More
head, under like inspiration,
championed gradual emancipa
tion of the slaves, the right to
free Negroes to vote, humane in
stitutions, a college for women
and the railroad connecting East
and West. It was a beloved
North Carolinian, Governor Zeb
uloi B. Vance, who, after the
WaV Between the States, in the
spirit of Robert E. Lee, worked
Church of Christ
meeting at 205 Alumni Bldg.
Sunday* 10:00 and 11:00 a. m.
6:00 p. m.
- For Information rail
John Harris at 942-5763
for the reconciliation of th6 sec
tions and the acceptance of the
duties of defeat. It was Charles
B. Ay cock of North Carolina who
pledged his administration to
“the right of every child to bur
geon out all that is in him.’’ it
was Josephus Daniels who deci
sively helped to cement the Bryan
and Wilson forces for the triumphs
of the New Freedom, widened to
include the cooperation of nations
for the freedom, justice, and
peace of all peoples on the Earth,
prophetic of the New Deal, the
Good Neighbor Policy, and the
United Nations.
THE SOUTHERN
YOUTH MOVEMENT *
Carolina, in the ex-Confederate
South, that the youth movement
was launched for the equal free
dom and dignity of all people
With the Bible and the Bill of
Rights in their hands, religious
hymns and prayers on their lips,
non-violence and brotherhood m
their hearts, they are not seeking
to overthrow the Republic but
to fulfill the promise of the Re
public. This youth movement,
willing to abate in trust but re
solved, if necessary, agaiast any
long delays and deliberately
planned f frustration, to resume
their lion-violent petition for
equal freedom under the law.
Ihis Southern youth movement
is a contemporary expression of
Ihe unfulfilled but on-going ideal
ism of Revolution
and a local expression of the
world revolution of the colonial
and colored peoples of the
Earth.
AN EXPRESSION OF
FAITH AND HOPE
Freedom is the way of en
lightened faith. Repression is the
way yf frightened people. The
best answer to totalitarian tyr
anny is not fear and repression
but loyally to the principles of
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Kenneth C. Royall, Jr,, President Saturdays til 6
light and liberty, equal freedom
and open democracy of our his
toric Americanism.
Now is the time for the youth
and people of North Carolina to
rally to the side of President
Friday, Chancellors Aycock,
Caldwell, Singletary and the
president, faculty, and students
of all our state institutions.
May this great heritage of our
Judaic-Christian faith and our
commitment to light, liberty.
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and human dignity in this his
toric anniversary year, become a
part of the structure and sub
stance of man’s unresting dream
of building on this earth a nob
ler home of the family of man
in the eternal adventure of the
human spirit for equal freedom,
justice and peace under law
and human brotherhood under
God in these years of mortal
peril and immortal hope for
ail mankind.
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