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Soviet Plot ts Mold Public Opimoa
Includes Savage Attacks mi Writers
BY GEORGE 8. COUNTS
Teacher* Callage, Columbia
University
The “ideological resolutions” of
the Central Committee of the Par
ty of Lenin and Stalin on the liter
ary arts, music, science, and the
press condemned everything "bour
geois” or western and glorified
everything Russian or Soviet with
out restraint. They also attacked
individuals with utter savagery.
The character of this assault on
individuals is revealed in a speech
by Andrei Zhdanov, after Stalin
the most powerful member of the
Politburo at the time, on August
21, 1946. Representing the abso
lute power of the Soviet state, he
interpreted the resolution of the
Central Committee on literature at
the First All-Union Congress of
i Soviet Writers and passed final
'judgment on two ppoular writers
who had been criticised unmerci
fully in the resolution — Mikhail
Zoshchenko and Anna Akhmatova.
He characterised Zoshchenko as
follows:
“Zoshchenko, like the philistine
and vulgarian that he is, chose as
| his permanent theme digging into
the basest and pettiest sides of life
. . . Only the dregs of literature
could produce such ‘works.’ ... In
this tale Zoshchenko turned his
vulgar and mean little soul inside
out. . . .
“He spat on public opinion . . .
The thoroughly putrid and corrupt
socio-political and literary physiog
nomy of Zoshchenko was not form
ed in the most recent period . . .
Let him reform. Let him get out of
Soviet literature. In Soviet litera
ture there can be no place for
putrid, empty, vulgar, and ideologi
oaly indifferent works.
“He depicts Soviet people as loaf
ers and monsters, as stupid and
crude people . . . Zoshchenko ha
bitually mocks at Soviet life, So
viet institutions, Soviet people . . .
In his Adventures of a Monkey
he gives a deliberately deformed
and vulgar caricature of the life
of the Soviet people in order to in
sert into the mouth of the monkey
the vile, poisonous, anti - Soviet
maxim that it is better to live in
a xoo than at liberty, and that it
is easier to breathe in a cage than
among Soviet people . . . How can
the people of Leningrad tolerate
on the pages of their journals such
filth and obscenity?
“With cynical frankness he con
tinues to remain a preacher of
ideological indifference and vul
garity, an unprincipled and un
scrupulous literary hooligan.”
Zhdanov pays a “tribute” of the
same order to Akhmatova:
“Akhmatova is a representative
of this ideologyless reactionary
swamp.. .. She preaches the theory
of ‘art for art’s sake,’ of ‘beauty
for beauty’s sake.’
“The subject-matter of Akhmato
va is individualistic to the core. Her
poetry is poverty-stricken — the
poetry of a frantic little lady, rush
ing back and forth between the
boudooir and the chapel. Basic with
her are amorous-erotic motifs, in
terlaced with motifs of sadness,
anguish, death, mysticism and
doom. . . . Not quite a nun and
not quite a fomicatrix, but rather
• fomicatrix and a nun in whom
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Expansion of UL S.
Economy Held Vital
Washington. — The solution of
western Europe’s currency and
trade problems depends more upon
the United States' domestic econo
mic policies than upon anything the
Europeans can accomplish with or
without our direct aid, according
to a report issued by the National
Planning Association.
The report, prepared by Prank
Altschul, chairman of the NPA’s
committee on international policy,
was signed by 26 other committee
members, including George P. Le
laney, the AFL’s international rep
resentative.
With the desperate need for an
increase in the volume of world
trade, Mr. Attache's report urges
that Americans act now and not
wait until later, to bring about that
expansion.
What is needed, Mr. Altschul
says, is a long-range program for
building a better America.
"There is work in this country
crying out to be done, not all of
which an unaided capitalism can
undertake. There are slums to be
cleared, houses and roads, schools
and hospitals to be built, railroads
to be modernised and reconditioned.
There are natural resources to be
husbanded through reforestation,
soil conservation and food control.
There are the substandard areas
of the deep South which urgently
require intensive effort.”
‘We could approach without ap
prehension the question of further
reduction of tariffs and of the clari
fication of that complex of rules
and regulations which every im
porter recognizes as a serious ob
stacle to the flow of goods to the
United States. We have delayed
too long, to the world’s disadvant
age and to our own, in accepting
in tariff policy the practical con
sequences of our transformation to
the position of a creditor nation.
“As the trade between nations
expanded under the stimulus of
increasing business activity in the
United States, as an unsatisfied
home market reduced the intensity
of American competition in foreign
markets, the problem of western
Europe may be expected to as
sume more manageable propor
tions.”
It would be hazardous to rely
exclusively upon the free play of
economic forces to help restore
the balance of world economy, up
set by recurring wars and depres
sions, the booms and busts of the
past 60 years, Mr. Altschul says.
Instead, he calls for planning on
a broad front—“with the extent
and nature of government inter
vention prudently delimited.” In
fornication is mingled with pray
er.”
The American reader should
know that the voice of Zhdanov
was not the voice of a publisher,
of a rich patron, of a literary crtic,
or even of the head of a Congres
sional Committee who might be
haled into court on a charge of
defrauding his government. All
who heard his speech knew that
the court of last resort had spoken.
As for Zo9hchenko and Akhmatova,
they knew that they would never
‘rise again,” unless they grovelled
before the Party, renounced their
past and demonstrated by deed a
genuine state of contrition. No one
dared to come to their defense at
meetings, in the press or over the
radio. Thy were forsaken by form
or friends and acquaintances. They
had become “enemies of the peo
ple." There are countless Zoshchen
kos and Akhmatovas in the Soviet
Union today.
so vast an enterprise as planning
on the national level “government
moat perforce assume the initia
tive.” But “the function of govern
ment should be primarily to sup
plement this endeavor to whatever
extent may be determined neces
sary, through the adoption of ap
propriate fiscal and monetary ped
icles, and through direct, or in
direct assistance in the financing
of such portions of an agreed-upon
program as cannot be financed
through the ordinary channels of
the investment market.”
Mr. Altschul anticipates argu
ments that a program for building
a better America, translated into
concrete terms, would cost more
than we can afford. He holds that
this country can afford anything
better than to expose our people
and our institutions to the incre
dible strain of another world de
pression. He points, for example, to
the cost of the 1929-34 depression
which deprived the people of the
United States of over $130 billion
in income (about $211 billion in
present prices), which was far be
yond our means and left us with
“broken lives, shattered careers,
and a greatly increased national
debt."
In connection with the cost of
such a program, Mr. Altschul
points to the government corpora
tion as a mechanism which might '
be used to provide funds for de
sirable projects which private cap
ital unaided would be unable to
undertake.
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