VOL. XXII, NO. 1« CHARLOTTE. N. C, THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER *. 1*53 MOTHER JONES Mother Jones, who started or KUbhil for the UMW whoa oho wm shoot 4# aad continued ontil oho woo 04, M ooom of the ■riooro^ fleetest stragles^ for rec ditiona. This pittir* wu takes lo 1*02 whoo oho wm 72. She hod escaped a jail aeotenee ia West Virginia, though ahe —rood, no inaajr at hem that oho eaco Mid: "Balog jailed aad hoiag hailed is Jest part of the la bor aMvenaent.” (LPA) Mother Jones Served U.M.W. Forty Years "I live in the United States, but I do not know exactly where. Mjr address is wherever there'is a light against oppression. Some times I am in Washington, then ir Pennsylvania, Arisons, Texas, Minnesota, Colorado. My address is like my shoos. It travels with tt wm that |hat Mother Jones, for more than fetf a century an organiser aad iront line lighter in the worst bottles of the United Mine Workers, answered a Con gressman who asked for her ad ^Psrt of the reason Mother queatly wm that she wm run out «f one state after another (always to rams back) m she backed pub lic officials and business interests in her untiring efforts to help “her boys,” the coal miners. More often she moved voluntarily to be where the trouble wm hottest. In 1902, a prosecuting attorney ia Parkersburg, W. Va., called her "the most dangerous woman in the country today” after she wm hauled into court for enter ing the state in spite of an in junction which wm supposed to ban union organisers from West Virginia “forever and ever." Nev er one to mince words, she called the judge a “scab" at that trial. She wm 72 at the time aad had been in union work for more than 90 yuan. Jury Harm Jonas was bora in Cork, Ireland, in 1830, the daugh ter of a laborer named Richard Harris. He became an American citisen whan Mary was about sev THIRTEEN—LABOR DAY . en years old. While still in her teens, Mary became a school teacher in Michigan, Inter set up shop as a dressmaker in Chicago, then became a teacher again in Memphis, Tena., where in 1361, ehe married an iroemolder. But the yellow fever epidemic of 1867 killed her husband and fear chil dren and Mary went bade to drees making in Chicago. The Chicago Fire of 1871 made her homeless. She wass about 40 when -she joined the Knights of Labor and began her first work with the into the bitter 8-hour fight and her autobiography describes viv idly the 1886 Chicago Haymarket bombing and the subsequent hang ing of leaders of the 8-hour moye ment One of the first places where she was called by the affectionate nickname of Mother Jones was in Norton, Va^ in 1801. A wor ried .miner who met her at the train informed her that “the superintendent told me if you came down here he would blow out gour brains.” But Mother Jones held the meet ing she had come for anyway— on a public road after the coal operators forestalled plans te have it in a church. She was arrested and fined right after the meeting and the coal company of she^duTfii iJI^Staly. “1 had the money in my petticoats.’ she explained. Her petticoats with money and without were U I 1—November deaths of William Greea (left) aad Philip Marray (beside Graea) changed tap leadership af bath AFL aad CIO. Geerge Meany (sacaad fram right), named te aaeceed Greea as AFL prasidaat, aad Walter Rest her, M array’s •accessor as CIO bead, alamat immedi ately reapraad AFL-CIO ashy talks which by mid-IMS bad resalted ia tea ts tire agreemeat aa a aa-raidiag pact. *—UMW President Join L. Lewis (right) gets mvi that Wag* Stabilixa wrahers. ehopi*d JTmU f°ron $1J* a day raiaa aegetlatad by UMW. WSB iadastry isaibara walked tat h a toff whaa Prasideat Traataa rtatarad tto eat. aad heard work waa placed la haade ef -HI--1- n-»_M-A eat-a ^WetoaC • ffMlwwlat a I VBIQVIIt uleCIIMPWCr aaepeaded all wage ceatrela shertly after takiag efflce. S — Appaintatat of AFL Plumbers’ President Mortis Durkin >a Secretary of Labor, lone labor repreMhUtifo ia aa otherw iae big-busiaess cabiaet, brought about of “incredible” from Senator Taft, but fellow plumbers seemed well plooped with the hoaer accorded their top of* leer. Ia spite of Ike’s proailoM to streagtheo the Labor Depart amat. its bad get was eat rathleosly by a Cougreos aloe dominated by buoiaeas. 4—Sertn anti-labor state laws were cnpkasiicd wkn Tnu Itst worker Grady Ivey was a sat eared to a year fas prisoa for ffkt soar Dallas picket Has, aa offease paaishaMo by oaly a $5 to f» ■ao for aoa-aaiea aiaa. Released after sorvlac f®ar aioatba of the seats ace, Ivoy wra^ greeted by bis fasiily. Aa aael «we labor legklsstlaa to atatos was ssoa la aow Adaiiatetratioa’s policies. 5—Attacks •• lain of put 2t years war* taiMtUite ifUraatk mt GOP rie Ury la Nwtaktr. A Ckaaktr mt Cmi ■mw wWt to totny ■■dal uwrity gat ijrapatlMtk atfatloa ftM Secretary flabby mt tba DaparUbawt mt Haatkb, Etuitiaa aad ITatfara, ami labar jahij atbar graaga la aa attaaipt to black tba arbaan. Abaea. Eatbartaa Ellicksau mt CIO aai Nalaaa CraUnbaak mt APL prepare pretest to Nn. flabby. w jiww iiaminK onion conirici uir of the peer *u prevision for • foil poor's vacation after It poors of aervUs in agreement between AFL Electrical Workers and Hedco Mfg. Co. in Chicago. Employes who don’t want all that lalanra thnd can work the year for doable pap. It—Aaotker dnift h tap labor load, •mhip fuw whoa Daa ToMa (loft) re* tired oftor 45 yean as Mall of APL TeeaMtera. ta bo awtuW by Bncatho vieo Pr—Moot Dm Bock. ToMa re tained hla seat oa APL execatiee rtaarll. which aarly ia IMS ordered tha racket* rlddaa lateraatieaal Leagahenaaea’a Aa eeaciatala ta elaaa ap or gat eat ef the APL. 11—TbM WarM Caagraaa mt Iatorma ttetial Cawteteratlati af Fr— Trtofc Urn ■ukt tjrraaay. CFTU fetegattea vaa aaat to Emt Barlia to 4atonatea vhat Mp m«U to fttoto tto tabaBteaa wark Orgaateattea rtf art — totaattatto wMaapnW ateaa tetor te ¥ visit hundreds of cool ounps throughout the country in tha years to follow. Knowing -the value of the wom en's support for their men during strikes. Mother Jones often used the miner’s wives to battle the coal companies. In Amot, Pa., around 1900, she organised an “array” of miners’ wives and suc ceeded in winning a strike which had been all but lost before she came to town. The coal operators welcomed her to Amot by having her evict ed from her hotel and throwing into the street a miner’s family with which she took refuge. To take care of scabs who were work ing the mines, Mother Jones armed the women with mops and brooms and pails of water. The ’’army,” led by a big wom an in a red petticoat and one brack and one white stocking, charged the mine, yelling and banging on pots and brandishing their mope. The mules became frighteed and took off and the scabs fled with the petticoat army at their heels. The women kept watch at the mines day and night ir the frearing cold, blanket swaddled babies on their hips, mope in hand. The strike finally was won, all demands coneeded. In Greensburg, Pa., when Moth er Jones used the miners’ wives gain, the sheriff hauled the wom •r into court Sentenced to jail for 90 days, they took their chil trsn and babies vffth them. But very one eras released at the end f five days after the women, foi > I ’.owed Mother Jones’ suggestion and kept the whole town awake the entire time with load bat not overly melodic linginf. Mother Jones wasn’t among the Jailed women in Groeasbarg, bat she was in prison so many times daring her long fight for the working man that she lost count. “Being Jailed and being bailed is just part of the labor movement," she said. Her longest Jail term was in Pratt, W. Va„ where aim spent throe months in a military prison in 1914 when she was 84 years old. Whoa she heard that finan cial interests wars exerting pres sure to kill a proposal for a Sen ate investigation of the whole to Washington through a friend ly guard. It said: “Prom oat of the military j prison walls of Pratt, W. Va* whore I have walked over my 84th milestone la history, I send you the groans and tears and heartaches of men, women and children as I have heard them in this state. Prom oat of those prison walls I plead with you for the honor of the nation to push that investigation and the chil dren yet unborn will rise and call Mother Jones was released and tbs investigation took place. When she attempted to go to southern Colorado in 1913 to help the miners in the bitter fight against the Rockefeller interests that culminated in the Lmflew Massacre in 1917, she was ar rested by the militia and taken to prison. She described her as cort thusly: There wrr ISO cavalry, ISO infaatry, ISO horse* with their heads poked at me, ISO yunmen of the Standard OU Co. and the old weasan ..." She was imprisoned for nine weeks that time and waa placed in solitary confinement for M days when she started for southern Colorado again as seen as she was released. Her jail was as unheated, dark cellar under the courthouse and at night rim had to fight off sewer rate with a beer bottle. While best known for her work srith the miners, Mother Jones wae involved in the battles of other yarts of the labor move ment, too. In Kensington, Pa., in 1903, 75,000 textile workers, 10. 000 of them children, were on strike. Many of the children had lost hands or fingers in the un safe textile machinery. Mother Jones decided to take the infamous situation to Presi dent Theodore Roosevelt himself and she organised the chilotea irto aa army which started from Philadelphia for the Roosevelt mansion at Oyster Bay, N. T. The children had knapsacks and cooked their food hi a wash boil er along the rand. Sometimes they got free rides from train men and other sympathisers. Everywhere Mother Jones hold meetings, often over the protests of public officials. She need the children as exhibits. “I held up their mutilated hands,*’ she said “and showed them to the crowd and made the statement that Philadelphia’s ™»»itions were built Countless similar mat* in th« lustary of Mother Jones’ service to the labor ssovsment could bo told. She remained active until about IMS when she was 94 yean old. She had passed her 100th birthday when she died December 1, 1000. near Hyattsville, Md. She was hurled at Mouat Olive, 111., In the Miners Union Cemetery. The crowds at the funeral were so groat that 4,000 had to bo L.LP.E Labor-Mtiagemeit Partnership Necessary For Natim’* Strength Bp WHITLEY P. McCOY. It is indeed aa honor on this Labor Day for me to Join in the many tributes to the American working man. As indispensable pnrtners in our industrial democracy, the men and woman of labor in those United States haws made a tre mendous contribution to the ec onomic growth of our nation. In .times of peace, through their exorcise of their right of volun tary association and by fully util ising the democratic process of collective bargaining, they have helped to safeguard the funda mental liberties which we all cherish. At times whan the security of this nation has been threatened, they gladly laid aside their eelf with industry te defend and pre serve our democracy against all who sought te destroy H. Time and again, they have demonstrated to a troubled world that ia a de mocracy management and labor can live and work together for the common good of all peoples. Their record of progress and achievement ia truly a beacon of hope lighting the path for ail (Cant, aa Paga 8, This Sectiea) Mortf* f. SSkk» wcwtwy of Labor Secretary Of Ubur Durkin’s Address By MARTIN P. DURKIN, Secretary of Labor Labor Day ii an expression of American freedom and American It whs created 71 years ago by a group of trade unionists seeking to give labor its true dignity. Their efforts succeeded. Labor Day has become a holiday of all the people, and an accepted symbol of the spirit of free work American free labor has grown along with the American nation and its people, and it has used its strength to help the canoe of freedom around the world. On this first Monday in See tember, IMS's Labor Dag, It is fitting and proper that ftuniriran working people, those in white collars as well as those in overalls, extend again their thoughts and their greetings and well-wishes to their brother workers in foreign Our massage to the workers In free lands is one of fellowship. Wo are Joined to oppose the ugly spectres of dictatorship and communism. Through our govern ment, our churches, our labor mi ions md other wyniiiit^f1) w# [have offered our help in the cold war that is being waged over the world for the minds and souls as well as the bodies of men and For the oppressed workers be hind the Iron Curtain, American workers send a message of hope and sympathy. Six thousand years of history have proved that no suppression, no oppression, can kill the desire of man and women for freedom and dignity, the yearning to build a bettor world for their children. Wo in America pray, and wo know and believe, that the workers in foreign lands will fight an as wo have for free dom and progress, and the event ually they wiU win. of But Germany The workers end of Chechoslovakia have struck eat against the despots seekiag to enslave them, in the world's meat recent examples of nun’s long struggle for freedom. The Jons graves of their martyrs are already hallowed shrines in the minds of freedom-loving people everywhere. On this Labor Day In America, we win pray for la bor’s strength and pregrsss everp the past you, so that the pur chasing power of the average per son has risen to now nil-time highs, ive percent greater than a year ago, despite an increase of IM million in our population. Labor income has expanded $17 billion or 10 per cent, as a result of increased employment and in creased wage rates. The cumber of persons at work has seared to record levels and unemployment has dropped to levels attained heretofore only in the nsidst of an all-out war. Reflecting the rising value of the workingmen, both in terms of his increasing productivity and in terms of the need for services, average hourly earnings have risen steadily and ‘have gained oa prises, which have remained fairly steady in the aggregate tor more ? than si year. It is worthy of not# that prog the American standard of living b achieved only when real income, r.ot jut dollar income, rises. Sab