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VOL. I.
SCOTLAND NECK, N.C., THURSDAY, MARCH 1, 1883.
NO. 26.
SELECTED PROM 'LUCLLE."
soul have been
pw realms 10 man
conquered. But those,
orthwith they are peopled for man by
new foes I I,-,;
hestais keep uieir secco, :
hides her own. .
.nd bold must the man be that Draves in
thp Hi known '. I
tot a truth has to art or science beenjable as to Sllpp0se that 50.000,000 of
kut brows nave ached lor it, and souls
toiled and striven
m many have striven, and many have
'faded. iV
id many died, slam hy the trutn uiey
assailed.
it when man has tamed Nature, assert
ed his place
tod dominion, heiiom : ne
is brought
I face to face
Tith foe himself !
I Xor niav man on his shieid
er rest, for his foe is forever aheld.
-tr ever at hand, till the armed
Archangel
md o'er him the trump of earth's final
evaiiKel.
KINERSARY AT WAKE FOREST COL-
For The Commonwealth.
hp 48th Anniversary of the Phi
lathesian and Euzelian Literary
lieties was hioked forward to as a
e that gave promise of something
ive the ordinary, because of some
V assurance. All that was hoped
obtained, and much besides.
atme favored the occasion ; and
Ire audience came. Y hat geoins
labor hud provid d, the people
eager to receive, while they were
Jjeful to tho3fc who f'T '
hit to deli-iiUL! Upturn . '
pe exercises of the occasion began
J o'clock p. m., on the lGth inst..
jh an animated discussion of the
Istion "Ought immigration tf
proiub'te 1? ' The dialectics were
jducted by four young and well
lipped debaters, and the delight
B sliowed by a large and intellgent
jerublv. 31r. L. L. Jenkins, ol
juloUe, N. C. first speaker on tin
jrmalive. sjsi i : America has al
ys been a home for tin oppressed.
lier the v have conn., and liave
n welcomed. Butt lie evils that
je with those piessingin from all
Its of the world overbalance the
d. The castaways of Europe come
jje, :md in their hands will soon be
I balance of power. tj( world is
s and supe-stitions are destined
; i corrupt both city and govern-
l iie influences of Catho ieism
ported from abroad are to be look-
o:i wit a dread. 1 ne lioman Cath
ie church is only a club for the ae
Jnmodation of its ine ubers. They
jitaminate society and politics.
X'his is only one of the poisoning
pities of immigration. Immigrants
Wcver low, be tome factors in our
vernment, with all the rights of
izenship. The Nation seems safe ;
if immigration goes on. the sun
1 1 n l;li)l.ll.l II- I 1 r. i'. fr I .,
1 1 v.. iicuuii i tit ouuu set in jl seu
blood, to rise elsewhere, and on a
pie wiser than we.
Jr. D. M. Austin, of Wadesboro.
C, in support of the negative,
d : This Nation is voun-jr. Alouo
lines thus" far are some points or
akness. But immigration is not
e. Ihe experiments hae taught
sdom. Little over a century ao
lere were onlv 3000,000 of people
this country. What did it need ?
e demand was for labor, and hot.-
t labor came. Industry has been
ickened. This factor has raoidlv
fected permanent resulfs. Witness
few England. Immigrants have be
bme assimilated with our people,
hey became patriotic, and fought
ad died for our country. It is ob
icted that they have had their day
id done their work. The country's
atural resou ces are enormous. For
ign men and women are needed to
evelop them. Imported talent Las
een used in the highest offices. If
fcese blessings have been so great,
khy not still ? The great Question
n liberty is here to be solved. Here
B to be broken kingly oower. Hen-
taught the lesson that man can.
d must be free. The spirit of hbr-
K is energizing and vitalizing. Let
go out from here to all lands that
ere is truth in liberty, power in lib-
rtv, life in liberty.
v hat Mr. W. F Marshall, of Louis-
nrg, N C, had to say on the affirm-
tive wms in substance this : The pre
sumptions in favor of immigration
are. (1), That the comers were honest
men ready to tolerate as well as enjoy
civil and religious liberty, ready to
make an honest living, to obey laws
Jaiid become American citizens ; (2),
nut ine strength ot our civilization
pould assimilate all foreign elements :
(3). That we had an abundance of
room with no one to dpvplono if.
ave those who coma frnm n.hn mrl
hese were once true, but not true
row. Foreigners ant too much civil
Jand religious liberty. Thev do not
pssinnlate with our country. Amer-
pcan society is loo complex for it.
unite with them our standard
puist be lowered. It is a reflection
Pii the rising generation to say that
Fe cannot, till mi inrl la. ml
. mum mvi ijr tun
oiuitry. Doubling every 25 vears
re (?) will soon have all the territorv
Populated. It is time to stop this
Feumulation from abroad and go to
pork to develop what is at borne.
r. a. li. Folk, of Brownsville,
ena.. ia a broad sweep that shut tne
door against the affirmative and
opened the ports of the migratory
world, left nothing else to say. He
said: Civilization sprang up in the
East ; and "westward the star ot era
t.nkps its w.iv." What a count rv
Uara , inlllli,rrn,;nn 19Hnn crood
y """Vri .5. .
me past, xikc raun-s nmuc
like effects. iNo one is so unreason
people can develope a country capa
ble of 800,000,000. Great plantations
need men and monev. Immigration
brings annually $61,000,000. Records
show the vigor and intelligence of
immigrants to be above the average
of their race. This is a composite
uation. Here is seen the "survival
of the fittest." Herbert Spencer
thinks that here will be evolved the
highest type of man ever seen. Our
mcestors were immigrants. Among
them are the great names of our his
tory. Public opinion at home en
courages immigration. Some nitions
abroad enact laws to prevent it.
Restriction, not prohibition, is what
we want. Prohibition violates the
principles of this government. Iso
la ions is a suicidal policy. Prohibi
tion violates social and divine laws.
The vote was taken and the ques
tion was decided in the negative by
117 51.
At 7 :30 o'clock r. m., the orations
were delivered by the representatives
from the Literary Societies. They
had for a prelude the presentation of
the -Magazine Medal" to Mr W. H.
O, borne, of Asheviile, with some
choice remarks by Senator II, 11.
t. of Rockingham Mr. Ed. S.
Alderman, of iltnlngton, Philoma-
thesian orator, spokt on "The Home
less liace." The history ot the Jews
began with Abraham. Their suffer
ings through the centuries makes that
history a pathetic one. Crosses and
crucifixes take strongest hold on hu
inanity. God made the Holy Land
and the poet, the one for the other,
the Jews have never aekiiowladgd
any hand but God.s. The greatest
figures in history are Jews. What
works thev have wrought in art, in
literature, in statesmanship! We dis
like them ; and we kdow not why.
We believe in equal rights, and yet
we do not accord this to the Jews It
is a poor reason to maltreat- a man
now because his ancestors instigated
Pilate to crucify vdirist 18 centuries
ago All nnurier of persecutions
nave peen heaped upon them. We
should conquer our prejudices against
them What civilization is to do for
the Jews and what they are to do for
civilization, is tiie great problem of
the age. It may be that after a train
ing of 2.(00 years Europe and the
world will find in them a power too
great to resist. The signs of th;
times suggest a great civilization in
the East. The Turk feels that his
day is over: the Jew looks for his v:
the future. !No people ha more right
to glory in their ancestry. They gave
us our devotional poetr3, our Bible,
our God ! American hatred towards
the Jew is a paradox.
Mr. Thomas Dixon, of Shell', N.
C, Euzelian orator, spoke on "The
New South." The South, 25 years
ago, was a land of beauty and wealh.
War came and deluged it with blood,
death, and desolation. She was still
farther cursed with restruct:on, and
its offspring, the Invisible Empire.
The South is now recovering from
those blows so terrible in their re
sults. To-day a new spirit is abroad,
which is working wonders. It is de
veloping the country materially her
agriculture, mining, railroads, cotton
mills, tobacco interests, &c. . She
still loves whiskey and will manufac
iure and sell it.
Politics have been affected by the
new spirit less attention given to
them aud more to work. Sectional
hatred is dying. The social world
has felt the new spirit we are shak
ing off laziness. Education lias re
ceived uew impulse The loveliest
womanhood on earth is developing
in the South. Our advancement has
been pheuomenal no nation of his
tory has made such progress ur-der
such circumstances. Still the New
South is grand aid poetic, moie in
what she promises to be, in what she
ivill be- We need more hard work,
men, and money. The destiny of th
New South is inspiring. Her enor
mous territory is to be developed.
Her boundless piarics and untitled
acres will be waving fields of grain
anil cotton. The earth will yield up
her treasures. Factories will convert
our timber into lumber, furniture, and
implements of agriculture, and every
pound of our cotton into the finished
fabric.
It ts not underrating the work of
others to say that this has been, alto
gether, the most successful Anniver
sary in the history of the Literary
Societies.
W. II. Osborne.
LOUISVILLE LETTER. No. 2.
fFor The Commonwealth.
Having built a foundation, so to
speak, upon which to rear a super
structure according to fancy and
facts, 1 begiu this letter with the
hope that I may make it more inter
esting than the last. 1 wish to speak
of some of the characteristics in
which the people here, and the cue
toms, mdustries,&c. differ trom those
of North Carolina. To begin with the
people,' they are at least a size larger
than with you; especially is this
(noticeable among the women, tnree-
fonrths of wnom here in Luisville
will tip the scales at 150 pounds.
Such magnificent physiques I have
seen no where else, North or South.
As a whole the people are more in
telligent than in North Carolina up
to a certain point. They have a bet
ter school system -why there
is one public school building here in
Louisville which cost $250,000 ; as
much, if I am not mistaken, as the
entire yearly appropriation for pub
lie schools in North Carolina. 1
don't understand why such discrep
ancies exist. Assuming that educa
tion is the basis of wealth. North
Carolina is indeed in a poverty
stricken condition.
Then another very striking differ
ence is the manner of farming, which
is carried on here almost entirely by
machine'- Harrows, reapers, mow
ers, corn-planters, and indeed every
machine which is capable of aiding
in farming operations, is in use here
among the farmers. They make
monev too. A farmer with one hun
dred acres of land is considered well
off anywhere in the State. Thev
don't make much cotton corn, hay,
and tobacco being the principal farm
products. One thing and to my
thinking, the thing most conducive
to the Fiiccess ot the Kentucky farm j
ers. is the fact that they raise their
own supplies on therown farms ; and
all their meat, meal, and stock food
is made at. home. No sending to
town for meat and supplies, a..d
giving mortgages on the crop, the in
terest aud principal of which per
haps equal the year's work when
the day of settlement comes. I only
echo the sentiments of men much
wiser than myself when I sar that
until our farming people stop plant
ing so much cotton and begin to pay
more attention to making all they
need on their own farms, there will
be no more money in the business
tean now : anu 1 arming, once consm-
red the u ost independent of all in
dustries, will become the most de
pendent. Yon all know these things,
however, as well or better than 1 do,
and my object is not to "retell old
tales." but to tell you something
new Land in Kentucky is worth
ten times as much as in North Caro
Una. Why it is I ton't know ; but
it is none the less true. Land sells
here (farm land), at from ten dollars
to ten hundred dollars an acre. I
know a gentleman, whose farm lies
about eight miles frooi this city, a
farm consisting of nearly two hun
dred acres, whh-h cost him $50,000,
or nearly 200 an acre. He raises
blooded stock, and as his is one of
the finest in Kentucky, and as I have
an invitation to pa3T it a visit in inv
next I hope to be able to give your
readers some .dea of this, the best
paying business in the State. It is
an occupation constantly growing in
favor almost every farmer has in
connection whith his regular business
a small stock farm, and it is these
stock farms, small prairies of grass
in themselves, which first strike the
eye and please the fancy ot the trav
eller through Kentucky. From Louis
ville to Lexington the Railroad runs
through the Blue Grass belt, the
richest part of Ky., and the continu
ous stretch of grass growing farms,
with their herds of stocjt, horses, cat
tle, sheep and hogs, make a picture
so captivating in its reality as to be
unequaled by any work of the im
agination. Ihere isn t a wood of
fifty acre's extent to be seen during
the entire distance of ninety six
miles. Just think of it one big
field ninety-six miles long, with just
a few trees here and there to relieve
the monotony.
W ith all its natural resources and
prosperity, Kentucky, like other
States, sometimes runs a foul of ad
versity's waves, and she is getting
it with a heavy hand now all along
her Northern boundary through the
freshet in the Ohk River. Coving
ton, Catlettsburg and several other
towns and cities along its course,
nave beer, almcst inundated, and
Louisville's time seems to be coming.
jo i-mg oy uie apoearauce oi tne
liver this morning. Hundreds of
houses along the river in front of the
city, are submerged with water, and
it is now half way up to main street,
where the heaviest business of the
city is done. It has only to come
half block to reach the street, but as
the level of main street is consider
ably above the river, unless the
freshet is very much greater thai
usual, no imminent danger is appre
bended. Already property and goods
have been damaged to the extent of
thousands of dollars and it is not
yet known how much more will be
lost.
1 was just about to bring my let
ter to a close, but before doing so
wi. h to say a little about Madame
ijantry, who nilea uii ngagement
of three nights here last week. It
was your correspondent's good for
tune to see her twice in "As You
Like Jt, aud in "She Stoops to
Conquer." This woman about whose
beauty and talents so much has been
said and written is," ia my opinion, a
much be-lied and slandered oman.
Her beauty is beyond question she
is not prett' a pretty woman is one
in whose features a certain piquancy
t variety ot expression attracts
though the features themselves may
not be at all regular. Langtry is
the sculptor's model, the painter's
ideal a woman ! She has an oval
face, a rich suit of brown, tinted hair,
her ejes are sparkling and as full of
fire as is desirable, while her figure
from her waist up is perfection it
self particularly pleasing is the
fair whiteness and beauty of her
neck nd shoulders, and the poise of
her head is grace itself. As to her
talents I have seen better, and too,
I have seen far worse. In "As You
Like It' she had the disadvantage
to appear in the same role as did
Modjerka only a week be fere, and in
my opinion, no woman on the stage
can compete it !i that incomparable
actress in her impersonation of Rosa
lind. In the character ot Mrs
Hardcartle in "She Stoops to Con
quer." she played to better advantge
and showed herself to be by no means
deficient in th qualities which go
to make uo a number one actress
Her main tVvult in my opinion is self
consciousness, which indeed, if at
all, a fault in her is at least not with
out good cause, Freddie Gebhardt.
her shadow, was here of course, and
just here allow me to state tliat 1
aeem it incompatible with the pu"i-
ty and sweet innocence of Mrs. Lang
try's face that there should be any
thing unbecoming a lady about her.
My iaea and the generally accepted
theory is that Mr. treddieGebhar.lt
is not the man pecuniarily that he is
said to be ; in fact, that $80.00 a year
le is reported to possess amounts
now nearby to $8,000. and this, said
Mr. Abby, the manager ot Mrs. Lang-
try, pays Mr. rrea. all ins expenses
and someihing additional to accom
pany them as an advertisement. You
know it requires a scandal to make
in actressy-go. off .well. Mr. Geb
hardt may be in earnest in the mat
ter, however; ana it he is, i should
certainly not call his taste in choos
ing into question,' neither should I
deem him a fool, for I think Mad.
Langtry just the woman to "befud
dle" a man's senses. "N. C.
From the Atlanta Constitution.
FURMN'S FARM.
Growing from Eeight Bales of Cotton
on sixty-jJive Acres to une .Hun
dred Bales, and How the In
crease Was Made Formula
for Feeding the Earth.
Startling figures.
WOAUCUFLL WOKK
o: A
SCU1JK I AliM.
Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 30. I sup
pose there are lew readers or Ihe
Constitution who do not remember
Farish Furman.7
He was a bright and brainy Sena
tor in 1876, and led the capitol cam
paign against Atlanta was mention
ed for Congress and I always -es
teemed him as one of the best equip
ped aud most capable of our young
politicians. A few years ago he quit
politics and went to farming. I heard
that he had settled on a third piece of
laud with poor prospects, and, in
common witii many ot his men-is,
thought he had dropped out of affairs.
At the last agricultural convention
he electrified the older farmers of the
State with the details of toe most as
tounding five years farming ever
dene in a Southern State, and is to
day more talked about in the State
than if he had served in Congress
twenty 37ears.
I have heard the recom ot his won
derful work several times withiu the
past few months, and the comment
with which it is usuall greeted is,
"I don't believe it." 1 simply say .hat
I have the authority of at least three
excellent orentlemen for the truth ot
the following main poiuts :
Furman started work with sixty
five acres of the very poorest land in
middle Georgia five years ago. The
first year he made eight bales of eot-
ton on the sixty-five acres, or less
than one bale to eight acres. This
shows that it was the poorest of scrub
land.
The second year he put 500 pounds
of compost to the acre, and made
twelve bales of cotton where he made
eight before.
The third year he used 1,000 pounds
of compost to the acre, increased the
yield on the sixty-five acres to twen
ty three bales.
The third year he used 2,000 pounds
of compost to the acre and increased
his crop to forty-seven bales on sixty-five
acres.
The fourth year he used 4,000
pounds of compost to the acre, and
his crop is certainly above eighty to
the sixty-five acres, and may reach
100 bales.
He has done all this work with two
plows and eighteen days extra plow
ing. His official and detailed state
ment shows that the total expenses
were $2,300, and his net profit $2,725,
a fine record on a two horse farm. In
addition the land that, was worth $5
an acre five years ago. is now worth
$100 an acre. So with two mules
this year be ha; rait ed at least eighty
bales of cotton, 1,000 bushels of oatc
and 400 bushels of corn.
Isn't that a better record than he
could have made in Congress ?
Hasn't he done the State more good
by this demonstration than he could
have done by ten years of political
speeches ?
what mi:, fueman says about it.
I had a talk with Furman to-day.
He is the very . ieture of.health. pros
perity and intelligent, enthusiasm.
With a perfectly independent income,
and the secret of a better one in his
hand, he is truly a happy man. He
said to me :
"When I determined to go to far
ming, five years ago, I saw that it
would not do to farm in the ol 1 way.
I saw farmers around me getting
poorer every day. though they work
ed like slaves. I saw them starving
their land so that each year their
yield was scantier, and their farms
less valuable. I saw that it wa still
the plow following the ax, and that
as fat as a farmer starved one piece
of land he cb-ared out a new piece.
With 800.000 immigrants pouring in
to this country annually, and ihe
public domain virtually pre-empted.
I realized that this wasteful sstem
must stop somewhere and soon.
Worse than all, I saw that my own
land rented to small farmers
was 25 pePw cext. pooiis;: and less
valuable
than it was a few years ago, ami that
it would soon cease to pay me rent.
I knew that Georgia was blessed
with the best conditions of season
and soil, and that if properly treated
it would yield large resu'ts.
1 therefore selected sixty -five acres
of the poorest land I had and went
to work. The first thing, of course,
was to enrich the soil. To do this
Iwha nn jt I ,nf vi- rv rm n t r t "fVi n "1 it
, . . , (: , frl h '
ULJWlTk I1VIU IUf U'I woo' ft
give it the proper food. I knew that
certain pbophatic manures stimulat
ed the foil so that it produced heavy
t rr I ' it'Ain ir o.iil O hiira Oil 11
crops for a while and
then fell off.
1 did not be
That was not
I wanted none of this,
lieve in soil analysis,
exact enough.
" i ESTIXG
THE APPETITE
OF Tf.E
EARTH.
"What I wanted was to know ex
actly what a perfect ootton plant
took form the soil. That asoi raincd,
then to restore to the soil exac tly
those elemc-uts in larger quantiu
than the crop had abstracted them.
This is the basis of intensive farming,
aud it will always give land tnat is
richer year afier year. I nad a cot
ton plant analysis, and found that
1 n.edid eight elements in my ma
nure, of which cmmercial fertilizers
furnish only three and the soil only
one. I therefore determined to buy
chemicals and mix them with humus.
muck, decayed leaves, stable manure Or for 2,100 pounds a total value of
and cotton seed till 1 had secured ;$ij.G5. 1 his mixture makes practi
exactH what was needed. I did so, jcally a perfect matuirt for coUon.and
and at last produced a pe.fect oin-S:i splendid application tor corn."
post for cotton. I then ascertained j ..-Phis restore? to the soil every
that mv croo of eiiht bales had tak-Li tr(!.- tVnm it. ?'
en out of each acre ot my land as
nm-ju of the constituents of cotton
as was held in 250 pounds of my
compost. I therefore put 50J pounds
of comoost on each
acre, restoring
double what the crop ot tne yai oe- ..you (j uot ojlieve in 'coin mar
fore had taken out. ihe result was, tl rtiliz rs T
that I made four bales extra. I then j u ,,.1 respect. There are
restored double what the twelve hales inaiiy fertilizers that are made with
had taken out and made twenty-three j u yi(;vv to SUOWv, results that really
oales. I douoled ther.storav.u) i the
next year and got forty seven bales.
1 doubled agaia, and this year have
at least eighty bales."
"But does this extra manuring
pay ?"
"Immensely. Here are mv figures
2.000 poun is of mv compost cost
$7.25 or $3 60 a thousand pounds.
The first year I put 500 pounds to
the acre cost $1 80 an acre, or $117
for sixty five acres. But my crop
rose from eight to twelve b iL'S. the
extra four bales giving me $200 sur
plus, or $83 net on my manure. Next
year my manure (1,000 pounds to
acre) cost, $235 ; but my crop increas
ed to twenty -three bales from eight
on iiniiit.nuied land. '1 hese extra
bale3 gave m $750 or net profit on
manure of $516. The next year I iised
2,000 pounds per acre at cost of $7.25
an acre, or $471 for total. But my
crop went trom eigi t to forty-seen
bales, giving increased income oi ?i,
950, or net over cost of manure of
about. $1 500. This year I ir.ed 4.000
pounds to the acre losting $14.50, or
$1342 for total manure But my crop
is at least eighty bales with this ma
nure, where it was eight without.
This increase of seventy two bales is
worth $3,600. Deduct cost of manure
$942 and we have $2,650 as the profit
on use of manure."
"And then the land is so much
richer."
"Certainly. It is worth' $100 an
acre, where it was form rly worth $5..
You must credit the manure with
this."
AX AVERAGE OF THREE BALES TO LIIE
ACRE.
."Where will you stop in this pro
gression V
"I don't know. I shall double mv
manure next year, putting 8.000
pounds to the acre". I believe I will
get 150 bales from the' 65 acres. 1
hope to push it up to three bales an
acre. 1 have a few acres on which 1
put 10.000 pounds of compost as an
xperiment, and ever' acre of it will
give me tliraj bales this yjar ."
"Mr. Wharthen raised five bales to
the acre ?"
"Yes, but left his land poorer. He
pushed it. stimulated it an 1 took the
very heart out of it. After taking oft
my enormous crop, I leave my land
richer than ha fore. I cultivate my
sixty-five acres with two plo vs. an 1 I
wiil make 150 bales with those two
plows on sixty-five acres. That will
be glory enough for me, aud will be a
revelation to the world. I believe I
will get ninety bales this year with
two plows. I have already picked
thirty bales and the best judges sav
liardly one-third is yet picked. This
is an astonishi.ig result, and simply
shows what intensive farming will
do."
THE FORMULA FOR TIIE COMPOST.
"How do you make this compost?"
Here is my formnla: Take thirty
bushels well rottea stable manure or
well-rotted orgaiic matter, as leaves,
nun k, etc.. and scatter it about three
inches thick upon a picc of ground
so situated that water will not stand
on it, but shed off in every directioa.
i'he thirty bushels will weigh aoout
nine hundred pounds ; take two hun
dred pounds of goo I ac'd phosphate,
which cost tne $22.50 per ton, deliv
ered, making the 200 pounds cost
$5 25, and 100 pounds kainit, which
cos irid by the ton $14, delivered, or
70 cents for 100 pounds, and mix the
acivl phosphate a d kiinit thorough
ly, tnen scatter evenly on the manure.
Takj next thirty bushels greu cot
ton seed and distribute evenly over
the pile, and wet them thoroughly ;
thev wili weigh nine hundred pounds ;
take again two hundreu pounds acid
j phosphate and one hnmlrcd pouuil
s
i '
Iseed, begin on the manure and keep
on in this way, building up your heap
lajerby laer until ou get it as
high as convenient, then cover with
six inches of rich e irtu from fence
corners, aud leave at eastsi weeks ;
when ready to haul to the field cut
with a spade or pickax square down
and mix as thoroughly as possible.
Now, we have thirty bushels of ma
mire weighing nine hundred pounds,
and three hundred pounds chemicals
in the first layer, and thirty bushels
cotton seed, weighing nine bun Ired
pounds, and thiee hundred pouu Is
of chemicals in the second layer, an i
these two layers cominned for the
perfec. compost. You perceive that
the weight is 2,100 pounds. Value
at cost is :
3 ) bushels cotton seed at 12 J cts., $ :5.75.
-kK) lbs. acid phosphate, - 4.o I.
2M) " Lainit, - - - 1.4 .
Stable manure nominal -
Total
-Except silica, .vhicii is in tli3
soil in iuhaustaida quantity. So that,
when you put in a l.irger quantity of
I these than the cotton tooiv out, our
, -, - llvliwltiv ricuer."
, , j impoverish," the land, be-
sides taking all the tanner s cash.
1 do not believe in them. But the
chemicals that are prepared for com
posting are very reliable and we
could not do without them. The
secret of success is buying these
chemicals judiciousl j and compost
ing with leaves, humus, cotton seed,
etc. No farmer can succeed perma
nently without composting. Tne
greatest waste in the South is with
stable manure. Many farmers never
think of saving it. In Ohio the com
post raised on one 55-acre farm, from
ten head of horses and thiity head
of cattle in one year, was estimated
by the State chemist at $2,650, and
scattered 40,000 pounds to the acre,
made a net profit of $300 an acre.
"Another thing is that our farmers
do not appreciate 'Oiton seed. That
comes nearer to being a perfect fer
tilizer than any one thing in the
world. And yet over 100,0u0 bushels
were sold at my depo; but for a trine
and hauled away."
"You do not believe in cotton seed
mills then ?"
"Yes, I do I think the seed is just
as good a fertilizer after the oil is
extracted as before. The trouble is
when L is sei.t to tne oil mdl it nev
er comes back. Once made into cot
ton meal it is sent to England 10.
stock food and the Georgia farm U
robbed of it.
You see the English or Northern
farmer can 'afford to pay more for ii
than we can, because he feeds it to
his stock, and then saves the drop
ping of the stock. In this way-ins
fattens his cattle with it and still
uses it as a m.mure after it has per
formed this function. We do not
reach the economy because we
haven't the stock to feed it to and
because we do not save the manure
of the stojk we do feed. The idea;
system would be to take the seed to
Contracts for any space or time maj
e made at the othco of The Common
wealth. Transient advertisements must be paid
r in advance.
an oil mill, sell the right to the oil,
oavc the pressed cake returned, feed
it to stock- and then return it to the
oil in the shape of droppings from
the animal. This will come in time,
ft is one of the results of the inten
sive system of farming. The more
manure we need for compost, the
more sheep and cattle we'll need.
The more stock we have the more
jot on seel cake we'll need. The
more cotton seed cake we feed to
stock at home the richer our lands
will be. .We waste millions of dol
lars annually from the failure to pen
our stock at night. There is no ex-
cuse for any Georgian staying poor
or starving his lan I.
"With his cotton seed and stable
manure saved and composted with
decayed leaves, pine straw, etc.. any
farmer can become rich if he wants
to and double the value of his land
in three yers."
-How much compost should be
used to the acre V
' 1 is hard to use too much. In
France the average is 20,000 pounds
to the a.Te. A Georgia farmar will
hardly average 10J pounds to the
acre. I will average 10,000 pounds
next year. Nothing pays so well."
How do you scatter" so much to
the acre V
"Simplest thing in the world. I
star' a t wo horse wagon through the
field. 1 put eight ne-roes with half
oushe! baskets without handles, un.
der their arms in the track of each
wagon. Tney sift the compost out
of the baskets as they walk along,
and have their baskets filled from the
wagon. I have changed the position
of tuy cotton rows four inches to the
right every year, so that the compost
would be thrown in new strips every
year. In this way I have fertilized
my whole field, instead of enriching
the sanu ro.vs year after year. I
shall hereafter broadcast it."
'Your whole secret then is cheap
and intelligent manure, and plenty
of it r
-Yes. I've shown you the money
profit in manure. I've shown yo
the added value it gives to land.
There are many other advantages.
You make your crop quicker and
with K ss danger. 1 made last year -mark
this forty-seven oales on sixty
five acres in three mouths and five
lays. It was planted June 5th and
the caterpillar fi ushed it on Septem
ber 10th. 1 showed the agricultual
society a staU livj feet high with
126 boll actual count on it. The
sed from which this plant grew was
planted just fifty-nine days before.
Cotton giovvn this way can be pick
ed with half the cost and time of
orlinary cottoa. O.i my cotton
ijui l this year I raiseu one hundred
uushels of oats to the acre, and after
cleaning off the stubble, I planted
the cotton, one stalk of which I
showe I the convention."
-Of course, in your five years of
stu ly you have discovered other im
pioveinents in cotton planting ?"
"Certainly. One is not to drop
tne cotton sed in a continuous row,
t iu t simply to put a few seed in the
hill wnere you want a pUnt. By
strewing the seed in a sprinkled row
there is a grejt wa&te. A cotton
iced is like an egg. hen the chick
is born t!'ere is nothing but the shell
left. Vhen the seed has sprouted
tnere is nothing but the shell left.
The fertilizing power of this seed is
lost,. Worse than this. It draws
from the soil tor the elements that
make it gro.v. It is left to deplete
the soil in this way for two weeks at
least, and is then chopped down,
leaving only one out of twenty plants
to grow to fruitage. My plan is to
plant four or five sea 1 in a hill. The
hills to stand iu four feet squares.
Of these I would let two plants to
t ia hill gro v to perfection. It t ikes
tro.n two to four bushels of seel to
pi. mt an. acre in the old way. By
my plan a p ick to th j acre is enough,
an I the soil is not drawn to support
a tn.iltitu li of surphu plants for two
or three weeks."
"Is planting in four foot squares
better tha i tha old waj.
"Yes. cotton is a son plant and
needs rom for its roots. When
cramped to 12 or 15 inches it can
not attain its perfect growth. My
aim is to put thi plants two together
in four foot squares, and average 75 .
to 150 bolls to the plant. This will
give un a poun 1 of see I cotton to
the plant, or three bales to the acre."
HE NEVER II02S HIS COTTON.
'What about hoeing your cotton ?"
"I never touch it with a lh:. The
growth of otto i crj.n ii' from the
spreading filaments that reach ont
from the root and feed it. If these
are destroyed th3 growth stops till
they are resroted. I'm satisfied
that three hoaings lost me eighteen
lays of gowth, or six days each. I
ruii a shallow plow along the cotton
i-ows, an I never go deep enough to
tit the rots. But there are more
letails in which men may ditfer.
The m un thing U fie entensive sys
tem of manuring an 1 the Imsb in bug
ill the droppings and wastage of the
farni or compost. I can take any
10 J acr.vs of 1 ii I i i.Grgia, ant
xt a nominal cost can bring its protection-
fro:n a sixth of a bale to
COariETCED OCT FtfCTir PACflKj!
n.