North Carolina Newspapers

- ' i ' . -T-u c rs j eolith Caro- TOMORROWlSV;l I NorthFair tonight and li"a . ... colder to- - " MEATIJESSS . J1 v . warmer i uea- 'DAY :flif FULL LEASED WIRfc SERVICE XXIV. No. 33. V WILMINGTON, "NORTH CAROLINA MONDAY EVENINGr FEBRUARY 11, 1918. PRICE FIVE CENTS- 11I,illlll!lllli""iilII,lll!l iiiiiiiiiiiiiimmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiir iimmiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiinnnniiim . - ninmiiiiiiniiiiiiiiimiiiminiuii t- M N M A' G K 0 m M M at MNI MORE GA1B FA0 RA lERIil President Wilson Addresses Congress on Atitude of United States WILL CARRY ON WAR OF EMANCIPATION President Says America Will Go on to the Goal Set for it Lays Down Five Tests for Belligerents Washington, Feb. 11. President Wilson, appearing unexpectedly be fore Congress again today, replied to the recent peace speeches by rnnnt von Hertling, the German Chancellor, and Count Czernin, the lustre-Hungarian Foreign Minister by reminding those statesmen that peace can be discussed only on the basis of permanency and essential justice and broadly warning the peo ple of the Central Empires that the participation of the United States in the war for the emancipation of hu manity only has begun. Plainly, the President warned the i German military autocracy that tliere was to be no pausing, in the mobilization of America's J&&tr niili- tar? rejfOUiCes ana that 11 peace rere to be discussed it "would have to be on a basis of sincerity.- - Otherwise the President made it ilaia there was to be no turning back until military autocracy was crushed by force of arms. Count Czernin's speech, the Presi dent openly regarded " sympathetic ally. Chancellor Hertling's speech, how "very vague and very confusion" and "full of equivocal phrases leading no- ever, the President characterized as where clearly. There was a test, the President said, which would show whether it was of any avail to go on exchang ing peace views, and it could be made by applying the following principles: 1. Each part of the final settle ment must be based upon essential justice to bring a permanent peace. i- Peoples and provinces are not to be bartered about like chatels 10 establish a balance of powers. Territorial settlements must be for the benefit of people concerned not merely adjustment of rival totes' claims. Well denned national astrira- tions must be accorded all possible "usiaction. A general naa.re." Raid riA 'Vrert- on such foundations could be dis aging approach to the views of his own government to justify him in believing that it furnishes a basis for a more detailed discussion of pur poses by the two governments. He is reported to have intimated that the views he was expressing had been communicated to me before hand and that I was aware of them at the time he was uttering them; but in this I am sure he was misun derstood. I had received no intima tion of what he intended to say. There was, of course, no reason why he should communicate privately with me. I am quite content to be one of his public audience. Count von Hertling's reply is, I must say, very vague and very con fusing. It is full of equivocal phrases and leads, it is not clear, where. But it is certainly in a very different tone from that of Count Czernin, and ap parently of an opposite purpose. It confirms, I am sorry to say, rather than removes, the unfortunate im pression made by what we had learn ed of the conferences at Brest Litovsk. His discussion and i acceptance of our general principles lead him to no practical conclusions. He refuses to apply them to the substantive items which must constitute the body of any final- settlement. He is Jeal- ment or of arrangements between State and State. The peace of the world depends upon the just settlement of each of the several problems to which I adverted in my recent address to the materials and fair and equal condi tions of trade. . ,. ; Count von Hertling wants the es sential basis" of commercial and in dustrial lifer:to be safeguarded by common agreekient and ' guarantee, but he cannot jexpect that to be con ceded him Jf the other matters to be determined by the articles ,of - peace are not handled "in the same way as items in the final accounting. Ke cannot ask the benefit of common agreement in the one field without ac cording it in the, other. take it for granted that -Jhe a sees that sparale and selfish compacts with regard to trade and .essential materials of man ufacture woul dafford no foundation for peace. Neither, he may rest as sured, will' separate and selfish com pacts with regard to provinces and peoples. C" Count Czerxjin seems to see the fun damental eleinents of peace with dear eyes and does not seek to ob- rne,c T J . -r-r . . . . vuu6coo. i, ui wuxsse, uu not mean ; scur inem. tie sees tnat an inae that the peace of the world depends ! pendent Poland, made up of all the upon ' the acceptance of any particu-! indisputably Ipdllsh peoples who lie lar set of suggestions as to the way j continguous to one another, is a mat in which those problems are to be iter of European concern and must of dealt with. I mean only that those course be conceded; that Belgium problems each and all affect the must be evacuated and restored, no whole world; that unless they are' matter what sacrifices and conces dealt with, in a spirit of unselfish j sions that may involve, and that na and unbiased justice, with a view tojtional aspirations must be satisfied, the wishes the natural connections, j oven within his own empire, in the the racial aspirations, the security, j common interest of Europe and man and the peace of mind of the peoples i kind- If ne 18 silent about questions peace will involved, no permanent have been attained They cannot be discussed separate ly or in corners. None of them con tsitutes a private or separate interest from which the opinion of the world may be shut out. Whatever affects the peace affects mankind, and noth ing settled by military force, if set tled wrong, is settled' at all. It will presently have, to be re-opened. Is Count von Hertling not aware that he is speaking . in the court of mankind, that all the awakened na tions of the world now sit in judg ment op what every public man,- of ous of international action and of in-! whatever nation, may say "issues of tornotlAnil iAnneal TJa omtanh I & Conflict Which hfLa Rnrp.d tn 'ftWTV aavs. tha nrinrfnlA f. , drw region of the world!" e Reich.Ua:.Af i-i'v-rT.. ;i I irA'-irftaft-innn nf Tiv fhoTwooivon r-onk-f stole for either gove 1 1 i i i . . . . . i ty accepted xne decisions or mac it be confined, at any rate, in this case, to generalities, and that the sev eral particular questions of territory and sovereignty, the several ques tions upon whose settlement must depend the acceptance of peace by the " twenty-three States now engaged in the war, must be discussed and settled, not in general counsel, but severally by the nations most imme diately concerned by interest or neighborhood. He agrees that the seas should be free but looks askance at any limitation to that freedom by international action in the interest of the common order. He would with out reserve, be glad to see economic barriers removed between nation and nation, for that could, in no way im pede the ambitions of the military party with whom he seems constrain ed to keep on terms. Neither does he raise objection to a limitation of armaments. Tbat matter will be set tled of itself, he thinks, by the eco nomic conditions which must follow the war. But the . German colonies, he demands, must be returned with out debate. He wll discuss with no one but the representatives of Russia what disposition shall be made of the peoples and the lands of the Bal tic provinces; with no one but the government of France the "condi tions" under which French territory , such a peace can be shall be evacuated, and only with secured we have no chnir.ft hut. tn sro on." w The President wiw Intp.rrnneri . bv JPplause at every reference of the ln-ted States standing steadfastly JJmst a patched up peace. Prob JJJ the greatest applause broke out , f the President said the mflitar- m Germany were the only-elect now preventing a world peace. twp ui-iuueu, aiier speaking eaty minutes, the entire audience "fceand cheered. approval of the address was ex- l"fcSPn Kr . . .... Inn. many mempjers or ootn eaSeilCe Of a ncrmol "Z Reed' Democrat, thought It I and Austri tussoive uermany :-i&3 verJr opportune, eloquent 3 a'l nr "caimy appruve oi it san.n Us Phrases," said Senator evident Wilson spoke as follows: On ;menof the Congress: ' tow ?ntft of January I had ""Jects of th Uiea8ms you on me cwe tv r aH our Popie con- Jie Prime Minister-of itain had spoken in simflar ite. lue ota of January. To Iot reX, S8e3 the German Chancel- f on the 24ta and Count u.-tiia, on rno samA !ir soM gratifying to have our de- t . ue-vs on this great mat- gp, pmPtly realized that all ex. ages Will 11 tl l Of "u,u OR All . ' in m c maae in the hearing . ""UT (' . rw , ns rePly. which is di- 'a r my own adrtrftss nf i,er7 tr-o Januar7, is uttered in aWnQmlly tone- He finds in nat h suj'ijcisntbr, encoure- Austria what shall begone with Po land. 'In the determination of all ques tions affecting the Balkan States, he defers, as I understand him, to Aus tria and Turkey; and with regard to the agreements to be entered into concerning the non-Turkish peoples of the present Ottoman Empire, to the Turkish authorities themselves. After a settlement all, around, ef fected in this fashion, by individual barter as-concession, he would have no obj option, if I correctly interpret his statement, to a league of nations, which would undertake to hold the new balance of power steady against external disturbance. It must be evident to every one who understands what this war has wrought in the opinion and temper of the world that no general peace, no peace worth the infinite sacrifices of these years of tragical suffering, can possibly be arrived at- In any .such fashion. The method the Ger man Chancellor proposes is the method of the Congress of Vienna. We cannot and will not return to that. What is at atake now Is the peace of the "world. What we are striving, for is a new international or der based upon broad and universal principles of right and Justice no mere peace of shreds and patoheSi Ts it Dosslble that Count von Herfc- ling does not ee that, does not grasp it. is it, in fact, living in his though in a world dead ana goner Jtias ue court. There , shall be no annexations, no contributions, no. punitive damages. People are not to be handed about from one sovereignty to another by an international conference or an un derstanding between rivals and antag onists. National aspirations must be respected, peoples vmay now be dom inated and governed only by their own consent. "Self determination" is not a mere phrase. It is an imper ative principle of action, which states men will 1 henceforth ignore at their peril. We cannot have general peace for the asking, or by the mere ar rangements of a peace conference. It cannot be pieced together out of individual understandings between powrful states. All the parties to this war must join in the settlement of ev ery issue anywhere involved in it; because what we are seeking Is a peace that we can all unite to guar antee and maintain and every item of it must be submitted to the common judgment whether it be right and fair, an act of justice, rather than a bargain between sovereigns. The United States has no desire to interfere In European affairs or to act as arbiter id European territorial disputes. She would disdain to take advantage of any internal weakness or disorder to impose her own will upon another people. She is quite ready to be shown that the settle ments she has suggested are not the best or the most enduring. They are only her own provisional sketch of principles and of the way in which they should be applied. But she en tered this war because she was made a partner, whether she would or not, in the sufferings and indignities in flicted by the military masters of Ger many against the peace and seourty of mankind; and the conditions of peace will touch lxer as nearly as they will touch any other nation to which is entrusted a leading part in the maintenance of " civilization. . She cannot see her. way to peace until the causes of "this war are removed, its renewal rendered as nearly as may. be impossible. This war had Its roots in the dis regard of the right of small nations and of nationalities which lacked the union and the force to make good their claim to determine their own allegiances and tehir own forms of political life. Covenants must now be entered into which will render such things mpossble for the future; and those covenants must be backed by the unted force of all the nations that love justice and are willing to main- ftain it r.t any cost. If territorial set tlements and k the political relations of great populations which nave not the organized power to resist are to be determined by the contracts of the powerful governments which consider theflIf68 most directly affected, as Cotini: Von Hertling proposes, why lma,y.: nqt economic questions also? It which touch the Interest and purpose of his allies more nearly than they touch those of Austria only, it must of course, be because he feels con strained,' I suppose, to defer to Ger many and Turkey, in the circumstanc es. Seeing and conceding, as he does, the. essential principles involved and the necessity of ; candidly applying them, he naturally feels that Austria can respond to the purpose, of peace as expressed by - the t United States with less embarrassment ;than xould Germany. He would probably have gone much farther had it not been for the embarrassments of Antsrias alli an.ces. and ,of . hkt dependence upon Germany..' ' ' TER10F BETWEEN UK ERS Agreement Between New Re public and the Quadruple Alliance ' WAS SIGNED EARLY SATURDAY MORNING utterly forgotten the eRichstag repd- p&& come about in the altered world lutions ol the 19th of July, or,; does- 1n.t wWcn.we now jfind ourselves that he deliberately ignore them?- - They Justice and the rights of peoples a sDoke of the conditions of a general ecti the whole field of international of , national . .aggrandize IgalfiiSS r much as -access -to raw either government to go any further in this comparison of views is simple and obvious. The principles to be applied are these: First, That each part of the final settlement must be based upon the essential Justice of that particular case and upon such adjustments as are most likely to bring a peace that would, he permanent Second, That peoples and provinces are not to be battered about from sov: erelgnty to sovereignty as if they were mere chattels arid pawns in a game, even the great game, now for ever discredited, of the "balance , of power; but that. Third, Every territorial settlement involved in this war must be made in the interest and for the benefit of the populations concerned and not as a m . . i . u . part oi any mere adjustment or com promise of claims amongst rival states; and, Fourth, That all well defined na tional aspirations shall be accorded the utmost satisfaction that can be accorded them without introducing new or perpetuating old elements of discord and antagonism that would be likely in time to break the peace; of "Europe and consequently of the world. A general peace erected upon sx i foundations can be discussed. Until such a peace can be. secured we hae no choice but to go on. So far as we can judge, these principles that we regard as fundamental are already everywhere accepted as imperative except among the spokesmen of the military and annexationist party in Germany. If they have anywhere else been rejected, the objectors have not been sufficiently numerous or influ ential to make their voices audible. The' tragical circumstance is that tbis one party in Germany is apparently willing and able to send millions of men to their death to prevent vit all the world now sees to be lw .. s I would not be a true spoke 5ian of the people of the United States if I did not Bay once more that we en tered this war upon no small occa sion, and that we can never turn back from a course chosen upon principle. Our resources are in part mobilized now, and we shall not pause until they are mobilized in their entirety. Our armies are rapidly going to the fighting front, and will go more and more rapidly. Our whole strength will be put nto this war of emanci pationemancipation from the threat and attempted mastery of selfish groups of autocratic rulers whatever the difflcultiea and present partial de lays. We are" indominable in our pow er of Independent action and can in no circumstances consent to live in a world governed by intrigue and force. We believe that our own de sire for a new International order un der which reason and justioe and the common Interests of .mankind shall prevail is the desire of enlightened men everywhere. Without that new- order, the world will be without peace and human life will lack- tolerable conditions of existence and develop ment. Having set our hands to the (Continued' on Page Seren) War to Jbnd at Once and. Full and rriendly, Diplomatic Relations Resumed Immediately . Amsterdam, Feb. 11. A dispatch from Brest-Litovsk via Berlin giving the details of the conference at which the peace treaty between the Central Powers and the new Ukrainian repub lic was signed has been rceived here. The dispatch follows: " "It was possible1 to announce at the beginning of the last pause in the negotiations that the basis for the conclusion of peace between the Quad ruple Alliance and the Ukrainian Peo ple's Republic has been found. After the return of the delegation to Brest Litovsk negotiations on this basis were continued, and agreement on all points was established. Owing to the technical difficulties connected . with the five treaty texts it was ' riot pos sible to hold a formal sitting and af fix signatures until in- the early morn ing hours of Saturdays "Dr. Richard von , Kuhtmann, man " -Foreign' Minister.; as ' president; opened the sifting -shortly before .2 o'clock in the morning with the fol lowing speech: 'Gentlemen: None of, you -will be able to close his eyes .to the historical significance of the hour at which -the representatives of the four allied poW ers are met with the representatives of the Ukrainian People's Republic, to sign the first peace attained in this world war. " 'This peace, signed with your young, state, which has emerged from the storms of the great war, give3 special satisfaction to the representa tives of the allied delegation. May this peace be the first of a series of blessed conclusions; peace, blessed both for the allied powers " and . for the Ukrainian People's Republic for the future of which we all cherish the best wishes.' "The president of the Ukrainian del egation replied: " 'We state with joy that from this day peace begins between the Quad- ruDle Alliance and Ukrainia. We came here in the hope that we should be able to achieve a general peace and make an end of this fratricidal war. The political situation, however. is such that not all of the powers ard met here to sign a general peace treaty. Inspired with the most ar dent love for our people and recog razing that this long war has ex- hausted the cultural national powers of our people, we must now divert all of our strength to do our part to bring about a new era and a new birth. We are firmly persuaded that we conclude this peace in the inter ests of great democratic masses and that peace will contribute to the gen eral determination of the great war. We gladly state here tbat the long hard labor performed at Brest-Litovsk has been crownd with success and hat we have' attained a democratJc eace honorable to both parties. From oday the Ukrainian People's Republic is born to new life and " it enters as an independent state the circle of na tions. It endB war on its front and it will see to it that all of '-the' powers which in it lie will rise to new i:te and flourish.' " Dr. Von Kuehlmann then invited the representatives to sign the peace reaty. At one minute before 2 'clock, Dr. Von Kuehlmann, as the irst signatory, signed a copy of the reaty prepared for Germany and by 2:20 o'clock, all of the signatures ap peared. The treaty is entitled "A treaty be tween Grmany, Austria-Hungary, Bul garia and Turkey on one part and the Ukrainian People's Republic' on the other." The preamble states that the Uk rainian people having in course of the present world war declared' itself to be independent and expressed a wish to restore peace between Itself ; and the powers at war, Russia desires "to take the first step toward a lasting world's peace, honorable to all par ties, which shall, not only put an end to the horrors of war, but also lead to the restoration of friendly rela tions of the people, in political, legal, economic and intellectual realm." -, The names bf all the plenlpotentiar- RUSSIA I 1 -W COM i M RUSSIA DEC ARES L HERSELF OUT OF This is Lone Without the Formality of. Signing Peace Treaty AMERICANS FOUGHT PESPERATE FIGHT Every Man did Heroi c Work in the Struggle With a Superior Enemy Force Near St. Mihiel Formal Announcement oil Cessation of Hostilities on- "I", the Eastern Front HAS PLAYED VITAL 1i Iff it D A DT TM TUF WAR W Though Doing, Nothing foz Months Past, Russia waa a Factor for. Allies in Earljy Struggle. i m m i 'i li a.' 'Russia has -declared herself out of the war. Without, formally ignlrig a $c$vtl$ajhh resentatives .. at--. Brest-Litovsk (4eclar- fed the tato of War with the Central Powers at an end and ordered her troops on all fronts demobilized. This news, , cdming''' through Berlin today, follows quickly the' announcement of the signing of a peace with the Uk raine. With Rumania isolated and helpless, the war on the entire East ern front may now be said to be at an-end. Peace negotiations between the Central Powers and the Bolshevik government which seized power in Petrograd in November, were opened ori Deceinber 23 last, after the way had been paved by the signing of an armistice on December 4. Many times reported broken off, the nego tiations have been in progress with brief intervals, ever since, culminat ing in the announcement of today. It has been recognized quite gener ally that some such conclusion as that now reached, was probably inevitable, as Russia through interior disorgan ization' had virtually put it out of her power to continue fighting. The Bol sheviki, moreover, have held up to their people the idea that the peo ples of the Central Powers would not permit further attacks by their ar mies upon the Russian proletariat and that these powers and in fact, the entire world, would soon be in the throes of a revolution similar to that of the proletariat in Russia in which the established order would be over thrown and what they call democrat ic peoples governments set up. Details of the encounter on Friday night with the superior German forces in the region of St. Mihiel show that every American fought desperately to overcome the larger force of the en enemy. Suddenly coming upon Ger mans in No Man's Land, the little party of fourteen Americans quickly changed formation and in the minute and a half that followed before the enemy retreated the rifle gave way to hand gretoades and automatics, so close were the combatants. On Sat urday an American artillery man was killed by shell fire and five others wounded. These casualties, though light, indicate that the American forces in the trenches have assumed their full share of tbe burden in the sector under their control. As on other fronts the big guns are bearing thebrunt:Of the work in It aly. On the Asiago plateau and wesc of Monte Grappa artillery duels are reported to be lively. Advanced Ital ian posts repulsed two enemy raids south of Daone-Chiese. -AIM 1:1 the I a Amsterdam, Feb- 1 L f Russia has declared the state, of war to be at an end and has ordered the demobilization oi Russian fssces on all fronts, according to a dispatch Me ceived here today from Brest plete demobilization of Rus-sr sian aeiegation at loaayjBi (Sunday) sitting stated that while Kn-ssia was desisting!!! ; J treaty, it cfeclared the state of U X - t 1 ..1 t'j H war to oe enaea witn Aer 1 many, Austria-Hungry, TuW kev and- Bulo-aria. simultane-Hlft dusly giving orders for com! plete demoblization of Rus? sian forces on all frpnts." m 1 ies engaged in the negotiations are then set forth and they are declared to have reached an agreemnt on the following points: Article I. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey, on the one hand and the Ukrainian People's Re public on the other, declare that the state of war between them is at endr fhe, contracting, parties are resolved henceforth to live in peace and friend ship, Wjith. ono another. . : Article II. Between Austria-Hun- (jDontlnufid on PagBSBven., Russia steps formally out of war by act of the Bolsheviki gOvf;,i: ernment wmcn seizea tne reins -trc.tiyK power in Petrograd last Noveinbet' 1 1 A. A. - M i7i ami aiiuusi immediately oyenet o peace negotiations with the Central, Empires. The authority of this " gor-M ernment seems virtually unquestlori-q,: ea at present in Northern Russia andS the Teutonic powers have already assured the cessation' of even nomii nal hostilities along virtually all the remainder of the original long line In jjf' tne east Dy signing a peace witu: the Ukraine and isolating Rumania.! Although cutting little figure tm the war for nearly a year past, Rus-l sia's great, indeed, vital part, in the; conflict comes forcibly to mind as: the circumstances leading up to her exit are reviewed. Becoming" a bel ligerent on August 1, 1914, through & ner, Jer troops were soon sweeping through east Pruiia. creating a dl- !n their first dash through Belgium.!' and upon Paris. Though disastrous ly defeated by Hindenburg at Tan- nenberg, she rallied quickly and by winter was hammering again at the German borders and her great arm ies overrunning Austrian terltoy in Galicla, were at the crests of the Carpathians and threatening an 'ln-Ji1' vasion of Hungary. ' It took the bulk of the Austrian1; armies and a large portion of Ger- 3 manys virtually an entire year's j ccmpaignin ; in 1915 to break Rust, nia's hold on Galicia, drive her out) of Poland and the lower Baltic ter ritory and force her armies to l that line at Brest-Litovsk. But not yet disorganized, she fought througlil 1916, creating havoc among the Aus-i and In Asia-Minor, driving the Turks if out ox virtually all Turkish Armenia- Tlio opening of last year found ( Russia tnder the old boreaucrati9 regime. Her oppressed, war-worn ;j people were ripe for the revolution! ana -in marcn, xyiv, came tne - crasKV tfce deposi-Ion of Emperor Nicholas and the formation of the first ;pro visional government. 1 Under Kerea sky, as minister of war, her arnica j in July, 1917, began aa oCensIve in -Volhydia and Gali .ia, wh'. m was In tbe full tide of success when disaffeo ! tion among her troops broke, out and stopped the effort. -j Since Augost, last Russia haa .flg-! ured in the great -world conflict as military factor only by reason that she still held numbers of German 'and Austrian troops on her frontiers, awaiting the "ones of "digbrgajniiavl tion within, to bring about her final -t CGfjntinued, oja.jage ae.yen)jl l'!t 1 i' I 3 - . -v.