Newspapers / The Weekly Star (Wilmington, … / Nov. 26, 1869, edition 1 / Page 1
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1 ' . . 3F , . ..a : .- ' . , -;. j " - . '7 " "v ;.- ' 1 - "" ': " ' , . ( - ' "v . !.;..: j v - . n .. . - . ; ru. t ; ; -. .-. .i j. : '. . , ." '. -i v -,.-..- . . - - . 'V. ..'"' . , . . ..... , . ; - - - ' ' : . . - , J ; . f , f - -- .'(.-A-iry.inr iww" f - - ---- - r - s - -a - V , v r -x 1 v t . v t " 1 ' 1 1 ' ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 in .i-i. S- VOL. 2;: WILMINGTON, N. G, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 1869. "' - ' , ' NO. 4: PUBLISHED WEEKLY -AT - At Jt-uu a. . ear, in aavance. Js w I- Ll M 4 " i 2.S " O HIS S H 2 Q5 CD 0- K 1 rc BBS1-! 5: J CP t - as o . 13 CD g o 2.0 s - as?- Sej?.' - , I CO : B- IT) -" D c 2 rl p P B -p . o s? r CP ' B 2 p t2. r3 e - 3 v. (S.O OS QC 04 S 1 ec tsS H - - - rv- Sp ' 5 r: ; o: : : 52 K D Ot rfk ftS h- SSS3gfg oooeeeosi 00000 000 O4tO00SU SSSS3S uoo 000 o 00 l- H- OOOO S OOOOO stnuoK & 000 000 OOOOO o o o o 000 soooo tN vAJ w. O & 0 W S 8S8S-.383 .'A.I 9 H ft w 0 H M 5! Twelve lines solid JSonparell type constitute a square. Four squares estimated as a quar-ter-column eight squares as a half -column, and sixteen squares as a whole column. t - : The FARMER has a large and grow ing circulation among the best class vf farm ers and planters of, the South, especially In the two Carolina . ' t , Tlie Ptistae -on t lie 'Farmer is only Are 'cent s.iper quarter, payable at the olflee where the paper is received.1 ' $ Post Office Money Orders may be obtained in all the cities, and in many of the large towns. '--We consider them perfectly safe, and the beet-means of remitting fifty dollars or less.T'V- r -fr " ; ' "-Befristered Letters, under the new sastem, which went into effect June 1st, are a .very safe means of sending small sums of mo ney where P. O. Money Orders cannot be easily obtained. Observe, the Registry fee, as well as postage, must be paid in stamps at the office where the letter is mailed, or It will be liable to be sent to the Dead-Letter Office. Buy and affix the stamps both for postage and registry pl in the money and seal, the letter in the presence of the post-master and take his receipt for it. ; Xetters . sent in this way to us are at our risk. riruhurul. ' - J. The Use ofOxen.. " It ' cannot be", ob"trohgl v; urged , upon f tUose who are about einl arking in agricul tural pursuits,' as a means of securing . p. liyehhood, (an & who ? may be. free from ? many ot the prejudices entertained against oxen,) to make the exp'-nment at,-least, and give the thing a fair tnal betoretlley "i encumber themselves with' a stoclc'of farm f horses; in domg which 'it will easily be ? seen they hazard nothing : for should any ? wish to abandon the plan after a sufficient t trialone summe'rs grass will enable them to obtain, in rash, an advance on the 1 first cost of their cattle: it vouns and thrif- i ty, and such are always to bp had;,; In L answer, tq , the argument against oxealvfp j hold ..the same views" urged by . Madison. "The objections generallv made ti the ox are IsC' that he is less tractable than the : horse ; 2nd. that he does not bear heat as . .Jwell;" 3d., that he does not answer for the 5 : single plow used in our, cornfields ; -4th. i that be is slower in his, movements. 5ih? . that he is less fit for carrying ihe produce (r oi.tne farm to market, ahehrst objection V- is Certainly founded in eiTor. t; . Of all;ani- vmals the' ox is the most docile. . In all countries where the ox is the ordinary draught animal; his docility is prorerbial. Hi (intractability where it exists,! has ar sen from an occasional use of him only. with long andnrregular intervals ; during' which, , the habit of discipline being broken, a new one is to be lb rmed. : The econd obiection has a little foundatmn. The constitution of the ox accommodates itself .'as readily, as that ;pt the horse. to different climates. ' Not only . ; in ancient Greece and Italy, but throughout Asia, as presented to us in ancient Jiistory, the ox . and the -plough ; are associated, s f In the warm parts of Intliaf and China,' the ox, not the horse, is in the draught service- In every part of India the ox always" ap pears, ; even in the v train ot her armies. .The third objection is also not a solid one. The ox can by a propyls harness, be?, used singly, as well as the hyrse, r between; the ro ws" f com ; and equally v so used for other purposes. Experience may be safe ly appealed to -; on this, point. . In the fourth place it is alleged that he is slower in his movements. , This is true, but in a less degree than is often Jakcn for granted." Oxen that are well chosen for their form, are not olten worked ..after, the age f about eight years, (the age at'which they are best fitted for beef,) are not worked too many, together, s and j are suitably matched, may be kept at nearly" as quxk a step as that of the horse, might I not tay quicker than that of , many "of the horses wo see at; work, who, on account of their age, or. the" leanness' occasioned by the costliness of the food they require, lose he advantage wher6 they nce might huye hod it? The last j objection has most weight. The ox is not as well adapted as the horse to the road service, especially for long trips; In common roads, which are often soft, and sometimes suddenly be ,1 come' 90 the form ml his foot ann the sh?)rtness of liis leg are disadvantages; and On roads frozen or turnpiked, the rough ness of the surface in the former case, and its hardness in both cases, are inconvenient to his cloven foot.. But where the distance to market is not great, whero the varying state of the roads and of the weather c m be consulted, and where the road service i less in proportion to. the farm 'service, the objection isalmost deprived of its weigni; vv ere n auuiincu, u pcuiupa at should, that an ox will consumamore hay or long provender than a " horse, it must nlso be conceded that the hrse reiuses much that will w ell sustain the ox and the obiection can at any rate only, apply in all its- force where the 4 owner, is ier enough to market to send his hay for sale. Now a the grain crop is nn'ire .condensed in proportion ? to ; valued and admits of mur h easier transportation to market, the horse being the consumer according to, calculation, 01 .ninety. uusuejs ;uiuie ui Errainv is in that view and in that propor tion the more expensive .animal of the two Another view which must not bf overlooked 1 is. .:- that ' the - ox makes much more ' and better f manure than the horse. -He is, 11 fact, a much better ms chine for grinding down, , by his rumina tine process, into manure, :all, the proven der whicli cannotVbe taken for. sale ?from the farm. :. It is in few ( cases economical often notl even with hog3, to'consume the grain upon the farm and , of all things tnat; ear it, . not exwpuwg puum j ma pigeons, the" horse is the most expensive, as he gives it back in no way but by his laor. and therefore is the last animal that should be kept . when ? it can be avoided. American tock Journals - V "Hints About Stables. - - -In. the'greater part of the United States sity ; ;and it ,wouia i a aeciaea improve ment in flfmf other sections where it has never been applied, i Great improvements liaw "huori mftrifi'in tlifi.ronstmction of 'sta- XAU 1 W W . .,-- 7 . . . t bles withiii Ihe last.few years' especially in the manner ot erecting,, leeamg trougns. The hirh racks formerly erected over the heads of .horses and Seattle ; from J which they Had to draw; their "food, scattering hay s'eeds !ahd?dust . over their'head3 arid into tneir eyesnavc in- a great .masuru bpftn fliKCftfded: : No one thinks of erect ing them in newly built stables at this day and where they still hold a place in old ones, troughs should be substituted. Besides the miuriousenects above named, the animal is obliged to assume an unnat ural position to reach "its tood, and-alter reaching it, must change its position. to masticate and swallow.it, - , ti. . - We advise every one. who still retains those racks in his stables to have them res moved and substituted by troughs of mod ern plans which are very simple and r well suited to the uses for which they are in tended ; and to do ; this now, before the feeding season , commences.; It, the inir provement is postponed nntil,then there are nine chances to one that it will not be done ami the poor ani?nals "will ; have to go through another winter in the old star gazing, oreaK-necK lasuiou 10 reacu uieir tood. -5 - The man who invented these over head racks for feeding r st ock must ' 1 1 a ve been "a queer genius, and those who adhere to the system with such pertinacity a rath er stiff-necked people an , 1 : Want of sufficient light is a great, fault in a large majority of stables , and js very injurious to stock in more ways than one: To be shut r up in comparative darkness day after day is very hard on the e es. , Jf a horse be led out-of one of those stab'es into the open ligh he ; is unahle fr-H. time to distinguish objects properly and is liable to stumb'e and become alarmed until th eyes adjust themselves to their, new posi ion. ;.Tlie same difficulty occurs in entering the dark siab'e from the out side. " -1 -j Darkness is injurious to the animal's health, which is easilv proved ' by vegeta b'es growing in dark p aces. Light is one of the great agenci- s thit imparts he dth and vigor to both the anim-tl and vegeta ble systems and being so very chap ought to be liberally supplied. All stable win do ws should be glazed in movable sash and of such size as to admit a full flow, of light. The division of light-and' dark ' ness as measured by day and night should he the ffoverningrule in both animal and vegetable'economy. ': "' 7 . Free ventilation of pure atmospheric air should be a prominent feature in' every stable.7 ? Without this the beststatG of an imal health cannot be maintained. . There are so many plans of accomplishing this, that each farmer may choose the one that best suits his views. The -great question is, will he 5I0 it ? American Stock Jour nal. - i - 5 " "S , . V High Culture. . , , Mr. Geo. W. jGift, of Memphis, I'cnn:, in Agricultural Report for 1867, presents the outlines of' an excellent system' of high culture; . - -' t " The exclusive system of cotton plant ing must give-way to aimixed system of farming. Each and every farm must be made more than self-sustaining as regards provision crops, looking; to coiton for the profits. The area of cultivation must be reduced a thorough rotation of crops practiced, stock raised, and manures care fully saved, housed and c 'mposted; - Detjp, thoroughC and careful tillage must succeed the present shallow and. slovenly culture.' When these conditions "are' fulfilled ;we shall become . . independent - as regards our food crops, and the, production of cotton will rapidly, increase trom year to year. . - "' t r " To treat land so.asfo obtain the "great est possible crops would .require a very considerable outlay of capital, which, our people have not. . But I insist that our lands may be brought ;up to the paving level by judicious rotation of crops, 1 and by saving and utilizing rthe yast. . quanti- ti es 01 manures wnicn now go uttL-ny 10 I waste. , l u, . ' . v "The rotation; I would recommend is that of five fields : First; all the manure for cotton,. the land to be thoroughly sub- sonea ana properxy iuicu ; seconu,- fcorn after cotton,! manured-in , the, hi 11 'with ashes and such cotton seeds as aie no V fed .to stbek '; thi r"d, wheat "after .corn; to be seeaea witn rea ciover or mixpa,T grasses, and allowed to wait its turn in the five years7 shift. Returning, the clover sod to be broken in the fall, and the land thor oughly sub-soiled in the Spring, manured. and prepared tor cotton, and, so on . as be fore: Under this system we may. expect the greatest yield of all ; t he asiest cultivation. crops," and with Crab grass, the cotton fanner's ' greatest enemy, perishes where the. land ..is not cultivated continue ously.V Following grain andthe . grasses we find this pest exterminated. Cotton exhausting land but little, and the culture1 being' 'clean,r w7e have every right to rex pect alter , it a oounmui corn crop, ano thereafter good 'wheat and grass. "! would- not have more than ; twenty-hve acres un der this system to eich reliable' hand ern ployed. From every acre we get food for stock5, Cotton seeds, as oil cake or cooked, are of great value as food for cattle, reck-' oned in England, wThen decorticated, as corn and fodder, straw, ; bran and hay. Hence, under judicious management; with stock-enough to consume 'the products of the place, the amount-of manure for cot ton land wou'dv- not fall ; short of thirty t ns per - acre per ; annum ; enough To bring the crop up equal to that of Mr. Dickson's four-acre lot ; or, we wil say, ten " bales of cotton to the hand j not an unusual pr. eduction on the rich , bottom lands of the .Mississippi and Yazoo prior to the war. The following estimate of receipts and expenses for twenty-five acres may serve to further illustrate the system: receipts. ' 10 bales Cotton, at $100. V.: ....... . v. $ 1,000 300 bushels Corn, at 50 cents.......... ..150 lsJ5 bushels Wheat, at . .'. . i ; , v 250 10 tons. Hay, at $20.. .......... .. .... , .200 Total receipts.5.. v :7: 1. v.. .v.:.J.-;.$t600 EXPENDITURES. Wa;es and board of one hand . . . . . ..... $250 Help at haymaking; cotton picking and harvest ; . 60 Feed of team, two males, per annum... 125 Seeds,' etc.'.... . 40 Wear and tear and repairs. .. . .. . . ... ; ' 25 Total expenditures . . . . . ; . . 7. . W $500 Net profits .$1,100 " According to this system we are sure f a living and some money. -As we are going now we are pushed to' get the for mer and have none ot the latter. CiBefore closing, I may say that this system is based upon the theory of reliable and intelligent lator, and ample protection tor crops and stock." ' 1 From the Southern Cultivator.' Fencing Stock Out or In Editors Southern 'Cultivator . TheLiv inarston ' Aericulturali Club has rendered the public a valuable - service by. its clear. and able report on r the - question of "Abandoning the uses of fences, and the enactment of a stock law," which appeared in the September number of your journal. I regard the fences that may be saved, by proper legislation without detriment to any interest, as equal to one half of a fair rent of some farmsjtakiog thrm as a whole. In other words relieve' Southern farmers of the present expense of; fencing out in truding stock that have no moral right to consume, or damage in any . way, the crops grown by : any : person von - nis. own land : and you will double the value of all pro ductive soil. tilt is . obvious,.' that the higher the tax imposed, to keep stock out of a wheat, corn or cotton , field -to -make a crop, the less inducement there is.to cut tivate the same ; consequently, . there -.t is le-s demand for labor than there would le if this tax were removed. .The poor who now keep a few hogs and cattle at large, lose - fr more by J the depreciation of "their wages; whet her 1 they - work by the nionthor crop on shares, than "they gain by this untimely free; stock range. -Stock raised in this w ay in well settled counties, costs the community at laige full ten! times more than it is worth to the owners.- This remark is based on" my. own experience, this summer. X have kept a ,number;of young hogs for a I neighbor all summer in a good clover field we l fenced, for nothing because it is far cheaper to me to fence them in one small field, than out of sev eral 'large corn ' fields. Indeed to fhcci manyj fieiJ s against a small - shad bellied r swine, jumping sheep, and- unruly cattle, : taxes common land more ? than the use I of .:v it is worth. Hence many million acres lie ' out as a" comnion waste' that would be cul-;-tivated,ito the incalculable advantage'" of an classes and interests, it this fence bur- then; were taken bff.vThen a poor farmer": --i i wno is aDie oareiy ro pay lornity acres and a mule. could plow. plant, sow and gather in his cropsj- without "the expense;1 01 worsing ne 1 panel or . lence Deyona what , encloses any. little stock he may. choose to keep. -'Give this encouragement ;: to buy land m the Southend defend hon-' est agricultural industry from all invasion by man or hW beast,' and you will 'soon: change squatters and", bad ' renters info' ; independent landholders and conservative-. freemen. .--' J-'-'1-" . It is a mistake to suppose a poor labor ing man m the : aqutu can never lay up v money enough to pay. for a fe'-v acres-tar more than the great Cincinnatus had when s he . was call? d trom his plow to save his country from the greatest peril. ' Fence: ixes and all others, on land, are now so? heavy, in the aggregate, that poor men can f hardly atlord to own any.. In New, York' spate this onerous fence tax does not exist; - : laboring men receive dollar a day as farm .wages. Here I -hire good nien rat fifty cents a day. There a; farmer makes fifty tons of. hay" with less labor, than Ir can fence a meadow for, such a crop.t. 1 So long as the poor, unwittingly, compel far-n mers to th row so much labor in ' mauling fence rails, their wages must ha low. . i ...... , - ;. ; ... - .v. ,: D. XEE. - r1 ' How; to. Sit.' : We find the following uncredUed amongV the selected matter in an exchange : , -j "All consumptive people, and all afflict? ed with spinal deformities,; sit ; habitually , " crooked; in one or more curves f the body; There was a time hi all; these ..when? the, t body had its natural crectuessj when there j was not the, first departure on the road -to death. The ,make of our, chairs, especial ly that great barbarism the unwieldy and disease-engendering rocking chairs, favors these diseases, and undoubtedly,' in some instances, leads to' bodily habits from ? which originate the ailments just named, to say nothing of piles, fistula, and the f like, , The painful or sore - feeling t which " many are troubled s with., incessantly for years at the extremity of the ; back-bone is the result of sitting in such a position that it rests upon the seat or the chair at . a point several inches forward of the chair 5 back. ; ...... - ' - i-v'-j.- ' ir ' ' y't "A very common position : in sitting, ' especially among men; is with the should-1 ers against the chair .back, with a space . of; several inches between the chair back ' and the lower portion of the spine, giving the body the shape of a half hoop f it " is . the instantaneous, instinctive, and almost : universal position assumed' by-any con 1 sumptive on sitting down,, unless conn- : teracted by an effort ! of the : will ; . hence v parents should regard such a' position in their children with - apprehension, and should rectify it at once.' V : r " . . - Value of Newspapers "toTarmets., ,v " -j - j Clark Bell, Esq.,: a few days;since gave to the farmers of Steubenycbunty,f an ad- dress at their Agricultural1 Fair, which was full of matter of immediate and prac-; . tical interest to his hearers-:. One passage of his address is worth copying iere, and , , we give it, as follows: , ' r -V No one can; too highly4 estimate! the value of a good newspaper" in "ar family of '.' children and I 'am of the opinion that if one is taken" constantly in a family that it y will be impossible for the children to come J up witnout Deing uneiugem uponau iuef current questions of the day; v ' 1 Every household should' bring in. the newspaper,' theni' as an absolute and indis- T, pensable necessity.' ' !: ' , T . i The farmer 'should of all other men,' take a good reliable agricultural paper. jf I defy any fanner to try it for a year and i then be able, to sav it has not-' paid and. been in every way for his good. Savannah Republican. 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The Weekly Star (Wilmington, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Nov. 26, 1869, edition 1
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