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THE WHEAT SUPPLY. The Cause of the Shortage in the - Wheat Growing States. The shortage in the wheat crop of 1888 is due not only to decreased acreage, but also to damage from various causes. In Ohio, from winter-killing and rust; in Indiana from winter-killing, chintz bugs and lightly from rust; in Illinois, prin cipally from winter-killing and chintz bugs, although some connties report loss from drought and rust; in Iowa, from chintz bugs (two counties report ing a total loss from this cause), also considerable damage from rust; in Mich igan, ft considerable portion winter killed, but notwithstanding this the crop will be about equal to that of last year; the Wisconsin crop suffered considera bly from chintz bugs and some from rust and hot" weather; in Missouri, chintz bugs and wet weather at the time ana alter narvesung causea con- loss was from chintz bugs (two counties reporting a total loss), and in some coun ties much injury was caused by the hot winds in July; in Dakota the greatest loss was caused by these hot winds, although early frost cut off a portion of the crop; in Kansas little damage was sustained from any cause, and the crop is therefore very much larger than that of last year. Nebraska, Kentucky and Iowa also show an increase. The following estimate of the crop in the principal wheat growing States is based on the acreage planted in those States as estimated by thje Department of Agriculture and the average yield as reported by the Farmer's Review corre spondents: . Kentucky Acreage, 1,035,018; aver age yield, 14 bushels; total, 14,490,252 bushels against 11,113,000 bushels in 1887, as reported by the Department of Agriculture. Ohio Acreage, 2,356,487 ; average yield, 12 bushels ; total, 28,277,796 bushels against 35,895,000 bushels in 1887. ' Indiana- Acreage, 2,549,89o; average yield, 13 bushels; total, 33,148,635 bush els against 37,828,000 in 1887. Illinois Acreage, 1,988,575; average yield, 15 bushels; total, 29,828,625 bush els against 36,861,000 in 1887. Iowa Acreage, 2,468,961; average yield, 11.5 bushels; total, 28,393,281 bushels against 26,837,000 in 1887. 'Missouri Acreage, 1,541,342; average yield, 15 bushels; total, 23,120,130 bush els against 27,744,000 in 1887. Kansas Acreage, 752,744 ; average yield, 18 bushels: total, 13,549,932 bush els against 7,607,000 in 1887. Nebraska Acreage, 1,560,020; aver age yield, 13 bushels; total, 20,280,260 bushels against 16,585,000 in 1887. Michigan Acreage, 1,466,520; aver age yield, 15 bushels; total, 21,997,800 bushels against 21,672,000 in 1887. Wisconsin Acreage, 1,141,387; aver age yield, 11 bushels; tqtal, 12,555,257 bushels against 13,063,000 in 1887. Minnesota Acreage, 3,035,331; aver age yield, 7 bushels; total, 21,247,317 bushels against 36,299,000 in 1887. Dakota Acreage, 3,994,563; average yield, 9 bushels; total, 35,951,067 bush els against 52,406,000 in 1887. Total for the 11 States and Dakota, 282,840,352 bushels. Allowing for the decrease in the area planted in Southern States and Eastern States reported by the Department of Agriculture, and for an increase in acre age in the Western States and Territor ies, not mentioned above, and assuming that the yield per acre will be equal to that of last year, we estimate the crop in the said States and Territories to be 136,158,020 bushels, which, added to the total in the above 11 States and Dakota, would make a total of 418,998,372 bush els against 456,320,000 bushels, the total wheat crop of 1887, as reported by the Department of Agriculture. Farmers1 Review. PAINT WORK. Information of Value and Interest to People About to Paint. It may be useful to know that a eallon of paint will cover from 450 to 630 super ficial feet of wood. On a well painted j surface of iron the gallon will cover 720 feet In estimating painting to old work, the first thing to do is to find out the nature of the surface, whether it is porous, rough or smooth, hard or soft. The surface of stucco, for example, will take a great deal more paint than one of wood, much depending on the circum stance whether it has been painted, and what state the surface is in. We have known prices tendered for outside paint ing that were seriously wrong, owing to the want of knowing the condition of the stucco work. A correct estimate of repainting wood work cannot be made from the quantities only; a personal examination ought to be made in every case where there is much work to be done. A great many painters trust to the quantity; the con sequence is nothing is allowed to re move old paint, or scouring, and the stopping of cracks. Then there is paint ing and painting. It can be done well and artistically, or indifferently, and few trades allow of greater scamping. In first-class work, after the first two coats have been put on, the paint, when dry, should be rubbed down with pum ice stone before the finishing coats are put on. Inferior painting is so common that it has a demoralizing effect on painters of the day. The quality of the material, especially the white lead, has much to do with permanency. We find painting done on old work without any cleaning, stopping or even pumicing.' A slovenlyand inartistic class of grain ers are also met with, who repaint and regrain on work that ought to be well rubbed with pumice-stone or sandpaper before the first new coat is laid. For painting three coats, the following ma terials are given for 100 superficial feet of new work: Paint, eight pounds; boiled linseed oil, three pints; spirits of turpentine, one pint, the work taking three men one aay. accuiiuuk -ton, forty-five yards of first coat, includ ing stopping, will require five pounds of white lead, live pounds of putty, one quart of oil. The same quantity of each succeeding coat will require the same allowance of white lead and oil. The best materials will last for seven years, but the ordinary painting seldom lasts three. It is questionable in building whether a saving is not possible by re ducing the painted work as much as pos sible, and in using hard and ornamen tal woods for all ordinary interior fram ing exposed to wear, like doors, cup board fronts, dadoes, stair balusters, spandrels, etc. In a few years the cost of repainting would more than repay the extra expense of materials. Take, for instance, an ordinary dwelling-house let for 35 to 40 a year. In seven years the whole interior paint work requires redoing, an expense that generally falls upon the landlord, who is generally tempted to have the work done cheaply, with the usual consequence, that every new tenant wants the painting done. Building News. How the Southern Tortoise Bnrroirs. Here and there, but rarely perhaps in one amid a hundred of these mouds, we find the place where the reptile entered the ground. This opening is at once seen to be quite separate in character from the mounds which first attract the eye. It consists of a clearly defined tunnel the sides somewhat smooth and compacted with the energy with which the body of the creature has been driven through it. The passage inclines steep ly downward, descending at the outset at an angle of from 20 to 30 degrees, then turning at the depth of two or three feet to a more horizontal position. On the surface a little beyond this en trance is a heap of debris, which con sists of the sand taken from the passage. A few feet in from the opening, the pas sage appears to be closed by loose mate rial which was not ejected from the mouth of the tunnel. Although I have been unable to catch these tortoises at work, I have succeeded by tolerably safe inferences in tracing their method of operation. When they begin the bur row they endeavor at once to penetrate downward to the level in which they obtain their food. At the outset they manage by frequently backing out of the passage and thrusting the earth behind them in their retreat to clear a considerable opening. When they have advanced a few feet in the excavation, they cease to discharge the material ex cavated ' in their advance, but thrust it behind them, and leave it lying in the chamber which it entirely closes. With this storage room provided, the gophers are able to advance through the earth for the distance of some . yards; but as the earth compacted by its own weiglit, by the pressure exercised through the expansion of roots, and tne action of the rain occupies less space than the same meterial loosened in the progress of the burrow, they soon become ham pered in their movements. They then turn toward the surface and continue the excavation upward ijntil they have attained nearly to the open air. They then use the great strength which they clearly possess to thrust a quantity of the burrowed material upward until it rises in the form of a cone, and by the space in the burrow thereby gained they are able to go a few feet further in their tortuous line of advance, when they must again seek to discharge a portion of the earth in the manner just de scribed. Popular Science MonVdy. Lighting a Harbor by Electricity. Gedney's channel, the principal en- irance.to ew xotk namor, is to De lighted by electricity. Juniper spars, fifty feet long and a foot and a half in diameter, have been brought from the Dismal Swamp and fashioned into buoys. To the upper end of each buoy will be attached an electric lamp weigh ing 125 pounds, and giving a light equal to that of 100 candles. The globes will be of very thick glass and will be pro tected by a strong iron cap and a mask of burnished metal. There will be in all six lamps, three showing red and three white, to designate the starboard and port sides of the channel. They will be about 1,500 feet apart. The spars have been bored to admit the cables, which will start from East Bea con on Sandy Hook point. Each cable will have three conductors until the junction box is reached where single con ductor cables will branch off. The re turn current will be through the armor of the cable. The lamps will be some ten feet above the surface of the water. To prevent . injury to the cables a red light will probably be thrown over the area where they are, warning pilots not to come to anchor there. The engine house is near the government wharf at Sandy Hook and has two sets of engines and dynamos. The outlay for plant and construction will be $20,000. The lights will be maintained at a cost of from $12 to $15 a night. The system was sug gested by Lieutenant commander M. R. S. Mackenzie, and he and Lieutenant J ohn Millis have perfected it. Picayune. A Test for Oleomargarine. The simplest and surest test for oleo margarine is to heat the substance in a small toy frying pan. Butter will gradu ally get brown and smell nicely, oven when already beginning to bum black. Oleomargarine will never get brown, but will directly, if the heating contin ues, change" from clear yellow fat to black, and emit all the while the odor familiar to those who .live near a fat factory. A little practice and attention will enable any person not only to dis tinguish by sight and smell between eleomargarine- and butter, but even to find out the approximate percentage of the former, or of any other fat in any compound sold as butter. W (MEN'S RIGHTS IN AFRICA. The Ladies of the Akona Tribe Bring Their Husbands to Terras. Mr. Pauli, who lived for some time in the Cameroon region, West Africa, tell3 of a highly successful woman's rights movement a while ago in the Akona tribe, illustrating the fact that when women unanimously assert themselves in savage lands, as well as elsewhere, theyare a great power in the community. In that bemghled region women are not supposed to have any rights. When a girl is thirteen or fourteen, years old she is sold to anybody who has property enough to pay the price her father asks for her, and thereafter she works like a slave for her board and lodging, and is subject to all the caprices of her lord and master. Even the bondsmen in the community have more privileges than the free women, and some of them in time are able to support rather exten sive harems of their own. It happened that there were some strong-minded women among the Akona people, and they lifted up their voices in public places in favor of some radical social reforms that would make the lot of womankind rather more endurable. They were jeered at, as women reform ers have been in some other lands, and were advised by the superior sex to keep on digging in the fields and pounding manioc root, and thank fortune that their lot was not less tolerable. Reform was evidently not to be secured by any amount of feminine protest, and so these strong-minded women put their long heads together and decided upon radical and far-reaching measures. The tribe is a small one. Nearly all the adult females in it enlisted under the banner of women's rights. One day there was an enormous commotion in that little community. It was almost wholly confined to the male population, the fact being that there was hardly a woman there to share the excitement. The mothers and wives, in a most unex pected and heartless manner, had sud denly dropped their implements of druggery, and, with their children in their arms and marriageable daughters, had hied them through the forests to the territory of another tribe, where, at a distance of eight or ten miles from their own garden patches, they were prepared to open negotiations with the lordly chaps they had left behind them. They knew beforehand that they would meet with a hospitable reception in the tribe with which they took re fuge. It happened that this tribe was larger than the Akona, and did not like them very well, and it tickled them half to death to see the pickle in which the Akona men suddenly found themselves. The women set themselves to work earn ing their daily bread, and waited with out a bit of impatience for an embassy from home. It was not long before the embassy put in an appearance. The Akona tribe was of the opinion that they could not continue in business without the female members thereof. and they wanted the women to come home. The particularly strong-minded spokesman of the refugees said she was glad to learn at last that the women of their tribe were regarded as a desirable element of the Akona people. As the women had taken care of all the men, it was evident they were able to take care of themselves, and they hadn't the slightest intention of going home except on certain important conditions, which she specified. Then the embassy went home to consult the chief men, who, as their harems were the largest, were the greatest sufferers by the flight of the fair sex. The women stipulated that they would come back if a considerable part of the agricultural duties of the com munity were in future turned over to the slaves, if the mothers were permitted to have something to say about the dis posal of their daughters, and if several other conditions were complied with. It did not take long for the gentlemen of Akona to decide what to do. A day or two later the women went back in high feather, having achieved a com plete victory, and they have been treated very well ever since. BEAUTIFUL CREOLE GIRLS. There Are Many Perfect Blondes Among Them. We are not hide-bound nor narrow minded in our admiration for femalo beauty, declares the New Orleans Picayune. The fair and the dark, the blondes and brunettes, oil have their special charms and admirable points. Besides the beauty of face and color, there is also a spiritual and intellectual beauty which is quite as potent as the other. In the presence of a pure and lovely soul or a sparkling intellect and a delightful disposition, one may be so completely enchanted as to be utterly blind to material things. But whatever may be our liberality in matters of love and admiration for the beautiful sex, and we recognize their claims without regard to ethnological or geographical limits, we are bound to reserve a special homage for our own Southern women, and we are moved to this by the follow ing tribute to Louisiana beauty. It was contributed to the Boyce (Rapides Parish) Headlight by one wno signs her self a "Cane River Girl." This is her verdict : Many of our Northern friends picture all Creoles with dark, swartby skins, hair black as the raven's wing, and eyes of. ebon darkness. Now, this is altogether an erroneous fancy. Why, some of the girls have lily whits com plexions, golden locks, and eyes of heaven's own blue 1 In the little vil lage where I live there are four sisters, all of the purest blonde type, and it would be difficult to find anywhere in the wide world fairer, sweeter, lovelier maidens than they. Whenever I read of the dark-skinned Creole, a smile crosses my face, and I wish the reader's eyes could rest upon my ? rosebud garden of girls. As I write these lines a dainty Creole maiden enters my presence. She has come, like a gleam of sunshine athwart a murky sky, to chase away the clouds which sometimes surround me; and tru ly she is a fair vision to gaze upon revealing the glint of gold in her wavy brown hair, which ripples above a broad fair brow. Her pearly cheeks are slightly tinged by the sun's kisses, and her eyes, of 'passionless, peaceful blue, are gazing tenderly upon me. utterly unconscious of her own picturesque loveliness. The mind of this gentle girl is as pure and bright as her face. Al together she is one of earth's fairest flowers. "I have lived among the Creoles nearly all my life, but I am not one of them. I am what they call 'an American.' Why. that term should not be applied to them is a mystery which I cannot solve. I have a penchant for Creole girls. They are usually dainty and refined, sensitive and sympathetic, light-hearted and sunny-tempered. Then the marks of de ference they pay to old age is truly something to be admired, and might well be imitated by many of my Ameri can sisters. A Creole girl rarely ever sullies her lips with that slang which is so generally used nowadays. She is usually reared in seclusion, and her days glide by peacefully and tranquily. This tranquility is . seldom disturbed by a storm cloud. She is content to remain at home, where there is always a wide field of action, and do her duty in that state of life unto which it shall please God to call her." "There are rfany other fine character istics which the Creole girl possesses, and I regret that I have not time to mention them. . I have had to steal the moments to write even these few lines. But be fore closing this article I must admit that the majority of Creoles are dark; there are many nut brown maidens, but some of them are 'fair, very fair.'" How the Invalid Looks at Things. The invalid, like the poet, and like all acute, sensitive beings, is re markable, not for seeing differently, but for seeing more than do the rest of the world. He endows everything about him with personality. Cold, hard substances are his avowed enemies. The soft, the yielding, the woolly, fill him with gratitude and delight. The arm-chair invites and embraces him. The tiny teapot and ewer are eager to do him service, and the gruel bowl dis plays a fairly maternal solicitude. His cane is a Fidus Achates, bis pet pillow a Nancy, or whatever his childhood's nurse was named. As to the bottles arranged on his table, only the doctors who pre scribed them can surpass their marked and individual interest in their charge. A glow of genuine affection fills me when I glance at Tonic, so many times has he proved worthy of the confidence reposed in him when the "lamp of life burned low." Liniment's unctuous sides are nearly bursting with officious good nature. I'ine Old Bourbon has an irresistible bacchanalian leer. Stout Camphor needs only spectacles and a bag to make an old fogy of himl Sly little Morphine, hiding behind the rest, has a - sinister, suggestive, Mephistophe lian look, which at once attracts and repels. Harper's Magazine. An Instantaneous Steam Ocnerator. "A boiler for the instantaneous gen- j eration of steam is the very newest thing in our line, said a leading manu facturer to a New York Mail and Express scientist the other day. " The appara tus consists of a thick wrought iron tube of any convenient diameter, , which is flattened at a temperature below the welding point, till its internal walls are almost in contact, a section of the tube showing only a straight line the thick ness of a hair. The tube is then coiled into any convenient shape, and is ex posed to the direct heat of the furnace. Cold water being forced in at one end by a pump, issues out from the other as steam, the pressure and dryness of which depend on the temperature of the tube." . It is claimed that no furring or scaling up of the tube takes place, as the high velocity with which the steam passes through breaks up and carries along with it any deposit at the very instant of its formation. The, largest boiler yet constructed on this plan has been a ten horse power one, and has proved so satisfactory that the system is about to be extended. The government has ex perts at work examining the system, expecting to adopt it for use in the con struction of torpedo boats. Couldn't Bait His Trap with Wine. It doesn't take long for a man to drop out of sight in Wall street, but once in a vrhile a story crops out in a group of brokers of some former shining light. Wall street men never tire of bringing up reminiscences of Willian Travers, but the latest is at the expense of tie immortal Napoleon of finance, Henry S. Ives. For a long time he had secretly admired the sublime cheek of Headlight Alfred Sully, and determined to engage him in his deal which ended so disas trously. Knowing that the way to a man's heart is through his stomach, he caused an elaborate dinner to be pre pared to which Sully accepted an invita tion. On the morning of the day when the meal and business were to be dis cussed Ives sent a messenger boy to Sully with a note: "What kind of wine do you prefer for dinner V Sully was up to snuff. He didn't pro pose to get befuddled and be led into any wildcat scheme. He replied '1 drink nothing but milk, and I'll bring my own bottle." Consequently Sully was not a director in the C, H. & D. road. N. T. Sun. Beheading Corpse. The China papers report which the body of a 55? b headed after death VnlnT M smuggler, who was xnt,c? lt perate fight in theMS Shanghai with the enstorh of was captured in a badlvf3; He dition and died in prise,? ' had been a desnerat-"", , Magistrate received I ordiS h superior authorities that thl to be decapitated. Voting jjamcu ii v me antun of th . proceeded to the execution L side the west gate of SuaSSSfe where a judicial table aud TX ' were ready for them. The coffin smuggler was then deposited t and after a short pause the MaS ' threw down a bamboo slip, on "gS? punishment was writtenand tZl-l tioner forthwith took out the bo?' cut off the head. The latter closed in a small wooden cage was sent to be exposed at the 8e ft the crime, and the civil andmiu l mandarins, borne aloft in their P chairs eash r,turned by a diS street to their respective offices -S don Time. . ' Woman's Substitutes for Pockets Men often wonder and women get along without pockets It i. not generally known that many women utilize various articles of attire for this purpose. One is the hat. Young ladies out shopping may be seen tilting back their hats and putting various small ar ticles inside. A girl has been known to put a pair of collars and cuffs, a piece of soap, a pair of stockings and several handkerchief '8 in the. crown of her hat. Many husbands mav have noticed tw their wives put their gloves in the folds of their parasol when not using them, and the glove itself is made the recep tacle for car fare, theatre tickets and even letters. Many of the new corsets have a pocket inside,'in which ladies keep diamonds and other valuables. Cliicao Herald. J Living 0n the Reputation of Other. Take everything that I hare but my good name; leave me that and I am content" So said the philosopher. So say all manufactur ers of genuine articles to lhat horde of imit. tors which thrives upon the reputation of oth ers. The good name of Allcock's Pobocs Plasters has induced 'many adventurers to I put in the market imitations that are not only ' lacking in the best elements of the genuic ar ticle, but are often harmful in their effects The public should be on their guard against these frauds, and, when an external remedy is needed,be sure to insist upon having Allooci'i Porous Plaster. Homes of all Aje?. An interesting feature of the Paris ex hibition of next year will be a group of forty-nine structures intended to give a history of the human dwelling. The different tvpes of dwellings represented will include those of the prehistoric per iodunder rocks, in caves, on water and on land and in later times those of early historic civilization, of Aryan civ ilization, of Roman civilization in ths east and in the west, and of rude civiliza tion disconnected from the general pro gress of humanity such as tfie Chinese, Japanese, Eskimo,' African, Aztec, etc The interiors and surroundings will be those of the different epochs studied, and it is intended to people the -dwellings with figures in representative cos tames. Arkansaw Trateler. Delicate Children, Mothers, Overworked Men,and for all taei. where the tissues are wasting away ' f rom U inability to digest ordinary food, or from J work of the brain or body . all bu JgHujJ Scott's Emu. sign of CckI Uver u Hypophosphites 'I used the tmuwra ladTwho was AeAfh hSu. Mills, s. a For Swollen Feet pi;. tnoi'l carriers, and others whose occupation keeps them on tn feet a great deal, often are tronWedW chafed, sore and blistered feet, espec ly in extremely hot weather, nou ter how comfortably their shoes mavn A -powder is used xn the Geman army for sifting into the Bhoesand of the foot soldiers, called "lScr. ver," and consists of three Vfo lie acid, ten parts starch and I seven parts pulverized fPsai keeps the feet dry, prevents chatn. rapidly heals sore spots. meV verized soapstone is very good. - fic American. A Word to the Wi-e i" ' Catarrh is not simply an v nleaSant to the sufferer J$V?. :roheTthe seat of the " t?5&- only thing Uiat .will on with quack medicines till " , r?- the8treamletbeconcBUfic' A word to tne wise a wife's poi-vt of vfftr.: -l an T . shock to you," sympathised "And to think that you fbezzh these years while he. such enormous sums l ; ffy jb "Yes," she sobbed, I n linery alone came to more . ary, but I never suspected au- """ " -flifit wi' Hrj Is tha North PotoW;Si manufactory? Itisarex The Btteet laborer P ftg-mtTs Merchant 1 1
The Wilson Mirror (Wilson, N.C.)
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Nov. 14, 1888, edition 1
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