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THURSDAY, FEBRUARY ii, 1940 PAGE TWO THE FRANKLIN PRESS AND THE HIGHLANDS MACON IAN KALTENBORN SAYS: Enemies Stalemated After 6 Months Because Defense Outshines Offense By H. V. KALTENBORN Noted Radio Commentator. AT THE end of the first six l months of war we find ' that the major belligerents . have not yet begun to fight, while the major neutral pow ers have begun to fight for peace. Small wonder that the late Senator Borah called this a "phoney" war. Only in Finland is there a major military effort and -mighty Soviet Russia does not even admit that she has gone to war against little Finland. When the war : began no one expected Soviet Rus sia to participate iri military opera tions and no one expected Finland to be invaded. On the other hand, ita...ama avnafaH i n i rm m oH i at P wAjfUJiC mi ....v. air-raid by hundreds of bombing planes on the capitals of Europe, and for weeks the headlines spoke of the coming big offensives on the Maginot and Siegfried lines. Neither .ih rairi nnr Ihe nffpnsives devel oped during the first half-year of fighting. Why? Defense Is Major Factor. . The primary, reason Is that in modern war, defense is stronger than offense. The war in Spain showed the world that air attack on large cities is tremendously de- . itructiVe, but it also showed that it is not likely to be decisive. The ex pense in planes, fuel, bombs and . aviators who do not return is apt to offset the military advantages gained in any mass bombing flight. And the effect on neutral opinion of the killing of thousands of women and children, together With the de struction of historic monuments in cities far away from any actual fighting zone,; might well be disas trous. The fear of such wholesale air raids led France and Britain to sur render at Munich. Now, after a year and a half of additional inten ' five preparation for air-defense, they no longer fear. German attack. They are prepared to meet it and could make it. sn pnstlv that it wnnlri nenh. ably not be repeated. The success ful defense of the Mannerheim line v against the most highly concentrax ed Soviet military effort showed the strength of defense fortifications in modern war. , tin TT. 1 klj . : . ar nuy ruMuu nag wean. The two great surprises of this i u iu nave uetu x-uiuuu a weaK- ness. and Finland's strength. Po land's weakness arose from a lack of national unity and domination of the illiterate masses by an aristo cratic caste. In the larger sense, the government of Poland was nei- BRITAIN GUARDS THE SEA Somewhere in the north sea a multiple anti-aircraft gun aboard a British mine sweeper watches for enemy raiders. santly, directly on the fighting lines or indirectly through the air-waves. Nazi leaders are apprehensive about casualties in the propaganda battle. They impose severe punishment on anyone who listens to a foreign broadcast The British and French, on the other hand, have enough con fidence in. their people to permit them to listen to whatever Dr. Goeb bels orders said. .. More Activity on Sea. At sea, a war of movement has been possible. This is why there has been much more activity at sea than on land. Britain's con trol of the sea has again demon strated its importance. The Ger man fleet is bottled ud. Except for submarines, the German navy and the German Merchant Marine have been sweDt from the seas. The Near Eastern Franco-British army of half a million men under the leadership of General Weygandt is now waiting in Syria, ready ior instant action against Russia or Ger many In any part of the Balkans. This army may yet prove the de cisive military factor in this war. Allied victories in Palestine and Tur key presaged the collapse of the Central Powers in 1918. Germany's commerce - raiders were swept from the seas mucn more quickly than during the World war. The Graf Spee lies wrecked in Montevideo harbor after being put out of action by the combined THE AUTHOR . V. Kaltenborn attained outstanding eminence in the radio netvs field during the European crisis last autumn, when his frequent and accurate reports over the Columbia network were awaited each day by millions of listeners. A native of Wis consin, he worked many years on the Brooklyn Eagle before entering the radio news field as a sideline in 1922. For more than 30 years he has been a keen student of international politics, a background which makes his extemporaneous analyses over CBS among the most accurate heard by the American audience today. His famous broadcast from a haystack in Spain is the first radio description of actual warfare on record. During last autumn's crisis he literally lived at the CBS studios in New York, prepared to go on the air at a moment's notice. . ther popular nor efficient. The Fin nish people are literate, sturdy and nn,Ba,a a ot.nntf COflCO rtf CAPinl find iniaaco. a ouwig .j v. . . j . w - political independence. Just as the failure of Poland's de fense plan undermined morale, the success of Finland's well-organized plan of defense has given tremen- dous encouragement to the army, the people and the government. But the success of the German blitzkrieg against Poland and the failure of Russia's blitzkrieg against Finland depended primarily on the differ ence between the attacking armies. The German army was well organ ized, well equipped, well directed. The Russian army is porly organ ized, poorly equipped and suffers from bad generalship. ' ' Western Lines Invulnerable. . Already Finland's Mannerheim line has withstood an overwhelming Russian assault for more than three months. It is apparent, therefore, that the much more completely or ganized and much deeper Maginot and Siegfried lines would be simi larly Invulnerable to attack. And whereas Russia has . a superiority of aomething like 20 to 1 against Fin land, the forces lined up on both ides of the French frontier are practically equal infighting strength. In considering the progress of this war, we are too much inclined to dwell on military factors. Yet dur ing this first half-year the military front has been less important than the diplomatic front and the eco nomic front There has even been a more continuous exchange of am munition on the propaganda front than between the fighting armies themselves. Radio and loudspeaker systems have made it possible for belliger ent to talk to on another inces- efforts of three small British cruis ers. The Deutschland, her sister pocket-battleship, thought it best to return to a safe German harbor. Nazis Stress C-Boat Warfare. But raiding with surface, ships is a minor factor ' in Germany's sea warfare against Britain and France. The Germans remembered how close they came to forcing a deci sion with their submarines during the World war. They had from 60 to 75 submarines ready when the war began. For the first few weeks of the war, they used these to ex cellent advantage. Then the protective measures which Britain developed during the World war and since became effec tive. - The larger ships were sent out, in convoy; airplane patrols were created; minefields against subma rines were established and all the resources of the British navy were mobilized against the U-boats. On the whole, they have proved effective. In six months, the British have lost 550,000 tons of merchant ships. At the same time, the French lost 75,000 tons and the neutrals 350, 000 tons. This makes a total of a little over 1,000,000 tons. Losses Not Important. But nothing in these losses pro duced by minds and submarines even suggests the possibility of a decisive result The British mer chant marine alone totals 21,000,000 tons. The British claim that de ducting from their losses purchases and new construction, their net loss in six months of warfare has been less than 200,000 tons. , It is also probable that the losses will de crease rather than increase, since at sea as well as on land defense Is proving itself stronger than attack. Already submarine torpedoes are far less successful in destroying shipping than mines. The new mag netic mine sown by the Germans proved very destructive ,for the first few weeks in which it was used. Then more effective mine-sweeping methods and the establishment ol narrow ship-channels which were carefully patrolled reduced the sue cesses ' of Germany's mine-laying airplanes. : British Also Unsuccessful. On the other Jiand," the British have been no more successful in their raids against the German navy. Both German and British submarines have destroyed an oc casional warship, but these forays have been costly to the submarines attempting them. The British and French claim to have sunk between 40 and 50 German submarines tince the beginning of the war. The Ger mans admit the loss of less than half this number. Yet whenever a submarine is lost, the entire crew is lost with it, and it takes five years to. train men to handle a sub marine under war conditions. Talk about the Germans building one submarine a day is nothing more than talk. It is more likely that the Germans are completing anywhere from six to ten U-boats a month, which is just about the rate at which they are being destroyed , Already Planning for Peace. There is, then, nothing decisive in action at sea or in the air. Defense is stronger than attack. But what about the economic front? That is probably the most important front of all and the one that will be domi nant long after the war has ended. Already Secretary of State Hull is negotiating with the neutral powers to work out a plan of economic re construction. The plan must be ready for instant application on the day of the armistice if Europe is not to sink in to chaos when the fighting ends. Every country in Europe, neutral and belligerent alike, has mort gaged its future. Only if the New world remains out of the war and stands ready to lend its resources for European reconstruction is there any hope of true peace. Europe was ready for revolution before the war came and will be much more ready for it when the war is done. What After Collapse? France and Britain count on eco nomic pressure to bring about the collapse of Germany, but one won ders whether they have asked them selves, what then? Will they march into Germany at the head of a vic torious army, establish a new Kaiser and a new Junker government? Or will they stand aside, while Germa ny's underground Communist move ment re-asserts itself end calls out for assistance to the Red brethren in Moscow? There is the third possibility of or ganizing those liberal forces that have either been driven out of Ger many or driven under cover within Germany, and helping them to re establish constitutional government by granting them a generous peace. That would be the hardest task. Romania Under Pressure. Meanwhile, there is more prefsure behind the economic than behind the military war. Members of the Rumanian government are being bribed, bulldozed, flattered and ca joled by both sides. Both are seek ing to purchase Rumania's oil and Rumania's grain. Each wants it so that the other cannot have it The French and British offer "gold, the Germans threaten war. So far. King Carol has kept a precarious balance; Britain and France con tinue to guarantee his frontiers and King Carol remembers the Blitz krieg against Poland. Poland had been given the same guarantees. On the diplomatic front, the Al lied powers won their greatest vic tory in winning Turkey to their cause. This gives them control of the Dardanelles and the Black Sea. in case of war with Russia. It also assures France and Britain com plete dominance of the Mediterrane an thereby discouraging Italy from siding with Germany. (BsUasea by Wettsra Newspaper CaieaJk Gneiss By MRS. F. E. MASHBURN On . February 19 W. . A. Keener gave a birthday dinner for his fath er, Jim Keener. Mr. Keener was very hale and hearty on. this his 90th birthday. On February. 17 . Miss Virginia Keener and Mrs. Amy Leopard were celebrating their birthdays together. Mrs. Henry Stiwinter is. on the isick list, we are sorry to report. Kev. Frank Holland preached at the Walnut Creek school house Sunday Afternoon. , Lee Keener and Alley Peck are home from New York. 1 . The storm' was very hard here on February 17 and 18. Buck Creek By BEE SHOOK The cold and snowy weather here has delayed the farmers about get ting ready for their crops. We arc glad to say that Mrs. Callie Rogers is improving after a nonth's illness. . , Mr. and Mrs. Herman Rogers have been visiting 'friends and rela tives in the Mountain Crove sec tion. ' Kermit Rogers and family have relumed to . Ell i jay. after spending three weeks with his parents. He is now improving after, a severe illness. Mrs. A. S. Shook 1 and some friends have quilted 14 quilts this winter at 'her home. We are glad to say that Fred Moss 1 is improving. Bennett' Barnes and Corbin Hawkias are putting up a new store building for Mrs. Eunice Til son. This will be a great ; help to the community. Mrs. Lutehr Rogers is able to be up again after an illness with influenza. Bob Russell and family have moved to the Cullasaja section. They will be greatly missed from ihis Community. Maupin Gives Hints To Turkey Growers Successful turkey production de pends upon saving and growing to .naturity a large number of poults ;rom each brood started, according to C. J. Maupin, extension poul tryman at State college. Since good management' and strict sanitation are highly impor tant - in turkey production, most successful turkey growers use arti ficial incubation and brooding methods, because sanitation can be more easily controlled. Most of the turkey crop is pro duced between February and June, the normal season. In general farm flocks, an average of 10 to 15 inature birds may be secured from each turkey hen used in .the spring breeding pen. When special care and attention are employed, it may be possible to grow 20 to 25 turkeys from each hen. Whether eggs are set under hens or in an incubator, the . first re quirement for successful hatching is fresh eggs. If hens are confined to a small yard or range, and this is a good turkey practice, the eggs should be gathered - twice daily. They should, be stored "in a well ventilated room or cellar with a preferred temperature of 50 to 60 degrees. If they are to be kept longer than a week, they should be turned gently once daily. For best hatching results, the eggs should not be kept more than 10 days. Where hovers are used in the brooding house, the temperature should be kept around .90 to 95 degrees at the hover edge for sev eral days, or the general house temperature"' should be at least 70 to 75 degree's near the floor. The exact temperature is of minor im portance if the poults are kept comfortable and good ventilation maintained. Feeding the poults may be much the same as for baby chicks. ' ' Two Injured In Automobile Accident Alley Peek, 25, was taken to Angel hospital Saturday afternoon suffering from severe lacerations on the head and face and a con cussion of the brain as a result of an automobile accident at 2:30 o'clock on highway No. 28, between Franklin and Highlands. The coupe, in which Mr. Peek was riding, overturned on the high way at a point one mile east of Franklin. Mr, Peck's younger brother suf fered minor lacerations on the head and face. ' Ninety Yancey county farmers have placed applications for 264, 750 forest tree seedlings to be planted this spring, according to R. H. Crouse, farm agent of the State college extension service. READ THE AD$ Along With the News Bryant 'Furniture Co. EVERYTHING FOR THE HOME AT REASONABLE PRICES Phone 1M Franklin, N.C K WHY For quick relief from cold symptoms take 66C suffer from Golds? Liquid - Tablets i Salv Now Drops when buying coffee AND BE ASSURED OF FINE FRESH FLAVORFUL COFFEE - v I elueridgeI lllpll mm tee Premium Coupons In Every Bag ( Now You Can Get Certified Chicks N. C-U. S. Certified Barred. Rocks White Rocks New Hampshire - Rhode Island Reds Utility Reds Cross Breeds (For Broilers Only) N. C-U. S. R. O. P. White Leghorns Buffi Orpingtons - Advancing another step In Its poultry . Improvement program, the Farmers Federa tion Hatchery qualities f this year for the official classification of "N. C.-TJ. U. Certi fied Hatchery." in fact. It Is the only Cer tified hatchery In North Carolina and the Southeast hatching four or more breeds. What does "Certified" meaaf In hatch erica it meant the highest commercial rat ing, in chicks It means that the saale hlrds used as sires are from V. 8. Kecord of Performance females with records of SU or more eggi In 365 days. The females, se lected by the N. C. Dept. of Agriculture, : matt he free from standard disqualifica tions. Bach hatching egg weighs at least two ounces Furthermore, Certified flocks and hatcheries are subjected to rigid In spection. Certified Chicks are dependable chicks, ltaee your order now! Farmers Federation Warehouses wsr it g 1 ! m t DUILDMG MATERIALS "to build anythim" mrnT7 You save in the long rnn J M by buying only quality ma- ,Xvi1tHgF terials. If you buy building supplies on price alone you yrOItlMiU. S may as well set aside the sayings you effect now for i f ItyWIMtt7 repairs later. Do a lasting , : job by using quality mater- HtS 1 1 WjS ff ials andv forget your repair- ' ing problems for years to ylOtlHl? y come. W Crry . Complete Li Z'W'H" f of High Grade BuikKng and , l: .IL.il ,L Remodeling Material. HiH'' See us for estimates without yjHiVlgtMU obl":on SHEETROOC PHONE 117
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