THE_STATE__FARMER SECTION
PAGE NINE
'brevities
Vegetahles
With I.? states coojvratiiig, the IJ. S.
I)epartnu-nt of Annciilture has cstab-
h'shcd a vegetable brecihiiK laboratory
near Charleston, S. C. Dr. E. C. Aiich-
t(y, principal horticulturist and assistant
chief of the Hureau of Plant Industry
states: “The purpos** of the laboratory
is to breed high q\iality dise;ist*-resistant
vegetables adapted especially to the
southern states.”
Dr. K. L. Wade, of the U. S. I). A.,
is in charge of the laboratory. Materials
produced there will be teyted in all co
operating states. \
Vegetable varieties Troni this and
other countries will be used in breeding
work. To select plants, expeditions are
now' en route to India, to Persia, to
T urkey.
States cooperating are Virginia, (icor-
gia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Ten-
ivessee, I^uisiana, Kentucky. Oklahoma,
Arkansas, Texas and the Carolinas.
« * •
IFmther
During March and April, weather in
tlie United Statt*s provided spectacular
contrasts on the eastern seaboard. Preci
pitation was far above normal while in
the Southwest and West there was far
too little moisture.
Floods took their toll of lives and
property in the East and choking dust
storms occurred in the West. Some dust
from the West was blown as far East
as Hoston.
« « « >
Trees
Forest pro<lucts are tenth in the Hig
n'en of farm crops. I'hey are ranked in
value by cotton, wheat, truck crops, to
bacco, fruits and nuts, cotton, corn ami
hay. They outrank other major farm
crops. Figures released by the Depart
ment of Agriculture, show that farm
wcHMllands pay their owners $63,<x>>,-
(KK1 a year. In Southern states, forest
products rank from third to seventh
among importance of farm crops.
It is estimated that farm woodlmds
provide an average of 2.s«''<Vh»<) farm
ers with both supplemental cash in
comes, fuel wood, and building mate
rials.
In April, the National Conservation
Comnu'ssion approved the purchase of
inore than a quarter-million acres of
land for national forests. The aggregate
cost of these lands wa;'. ^8oj?.476. Most
of the new acfluisitions were in the East.
'Phe bulk of tlu* Appalachian purchases
were in Virginia. Purchases were made
in South Carolina, North Carolina,
P'lorida and West Virginia.
Rainstormer
A rainstorm machine known iis a
“rainstormer,” is being used by the For
est Service, U. S. D. A., in studies of
the relationship of plant cover to run
off and erosion on mountain watersheds
as a result of heavy rains. '^Phe rain
stormer permits studies to be made with-
SttUctive thinning and
cutting provides fire
wood and allows good
trees a more rapid
growth ^ Soil Conser
vation Photo.
DEAD FURROW LCrr ArrcK
PLOWING LAND NO 3 THC rtRST
TtAR — SCCONO rtAR START
PLOWMC LAND NO. 3 BY BAGK
ruMOWMG W»CfU OCAO FURROW
I WAS LOCATED THC FIRST YEAR
DtSTANC
TERRACE SECTION
METHOD OF MAINTAINING TERRACES BY PLOWING
ARROWS INDICATE DIRECTION IN WHICH FURROWS ARE MADE
• WIDTH OF land no 2 SHOULD BE VARIED EACH PLOWING
sc » MKUCCT »C I
wuiTAievne. &c
If the directions contained in the above chart prepared by the Soil Conser
vation Service are followed when plowing, land terraces can be maintained easily
after plowing.
out having to wait for rainstorms.
Ti*st plots of ground are marked out
on slopes and provided with the iwces-
sary equipment to measure rainfall, the
erosion and the surface run-off of water.
Then a portable gasoline-fire pump is
set in a nearby creek and water conduct
ed to a specially built sprinkler system
employing hundreds of small spray no/.-
zles. The artificial rainstorm thus pro
duced provides a perfect imitation of
the genuine cloudburst of any desired
<Iii ration or intensity.
Studies to date, provide that fruit
danwges can be reduced by adequate
vegetative cover protecting watersheds.
The kind and density of the vegetation
is more important in influencing the
run-off and erosion than its steepness of
slope or intensity of rainfall.
« * «
Cotton Roads
To promote the use of cotton in road
building, the AAA has announced the
<letailed spec.ific.itions and conditions of
purchase for cotton mats atid cotton
fabric for road use. The program au
thorizes the purchase of roughly 8o,<kx)
cotton mats and sufficient fabric for a
total of I,(XX) miles of road. This would
require in <^xcess of io,(XXi,ooo square
yards of fabric.
Amounts actually purchased will tle-
pend upon requests made by the states.
All requests are expected to be on file
early in May.
• » *
China
Raw cotton stocks in China are un
usually small for this time of year, ac
cording to the Department of Agricul
ture Representative, in Shanghai. It is
anticipated that mills in China will sub
stantially increase their imports. How
ever, the reduced purchasing power of
consumers may force a reduction in con
sumption to off-set shortage and stocks.
Recent studies in China indicate that
75 per cent of the yarn manufactured
and sold in China is sold to consumers
in the interior of the country who weave
their own cloth on hand-looms.
'Phe establishment of a tobacco mono
poly in China was inaugurated late in
March, when the government in Kwan-
tung, assumed complete control of leaf
tobacco. The monopoly is confined to the
handling of leaf for the niaiuifacture of
cut tobacco. All farmers in the province
are required to sell their leaf to the
monopoly at a fixed price and all stocks
of leaf in the hands of dealers was taken
Brazil
An increase of 4S per cent over last
year’s crop is contained in the first of-
. ficial estimate of the 1‘>35-36 cotton
crop in Southern Hra/.il. The prediction
now is 9<>4,0(Ki bales of 47.S pounds each,
as compared with 6k>,(KX) bales I.ast
year.
• ♦ *
Fraitcc
A subsitly on the exportation of lard
is being made by the French govern
ment to stimulate hog proiluction in that
country.
« * «
Forest Fires
Airplanes atid radio are becoming im
portant instruments iti fighting forest
fires according to Roy Hedley, Chief of
the Division of Fire Control, of the For
est Service.
“Perhaps the most important effort,”
accx)rding to Mr. Hedley, "is toward
aerial fire control, which is opening up
an entirely new field of forest fire com
bat, and will require many inquiries
atid experiipents to develop a workable
system. We plan to find out how far
we can go in using planes in direct com
bat of fires. Several Forest Service offi
cers have already done pioneer work in
this field. We expect to try dropping
water or chemicals direct on small fires
to retard their progress until ground
crews can reach the scene.”
“But,” Mr. Hedley said, “merely
dropping chemical solutions on fires
cannot solve the problem. The subject
as a whole is complex. We are testing
the relative values of various chemicals
as fire retardants. Some of the so-called
‘frothy mixtures’ are promising and are
better than water. If it ever becomes
practical to carry water and drop it on
fires from the air, it would probably be
still better to drop an equal quantity of
the best ‘frothy mixture.’ As yet; the
conventional typ« of airplane is not
adaptable for this work.”
The fire forces also plan to experi
ment with dropping bombs on small fires
to retard progress of the flames until
ground forces can reach them. Kombs
would retard small fires by throwing
dirt over them.
“So far, however,” Mr. Hedley con
tinued, “we have found aircraft most
valuable for transporting supplies and
equipment quickly. In one region we had
renuirkable success in the dropping of
supplies to ground crews, in packages
designed to prevent damage. Such work
is a great help in fighting forest fires
deep in the ‘back country’.”
Striking progress is evident in the de
velopment of radio. A new type of ultra-
short wave radio set is extremely light
in weight and can be used on airplanes
of almost any size or type.
* « »
Cattle
More accurate figures for estimating
the weight of dairy cows and calvcs
from heart-girth measurements are an
nounced by the Bureau of Dairj' Indus
try of the U. S. D. A. ITiis method has
long been used in Denmark. Hut the
measurements used on Danish cattle fre
quently over-estimate the weight of
American dairy cattle. A difference iti
conformation has b<‘cn discovered as the
cause.
New measurenvents begin with calvcs
with a heart-giitb of only 26 inches,
which will weigh about So pounds, and
progress by half inches to cows with a
girth of 92 inches and weight ol 1,975
pounds.
Estimating weight of livestock by
heart-girth was common in colonial tlays.
Livestock buyers carried a girth chain
instead of a tape measure estimating
weight on the basis of links rather than
inches.
» » *
Arge7itina
I'he first official estimate of the
1035-3^1 Argentine corn crop is 380,-
iHX),cxxi bushels compared with the rec
ord crop of 451,943,000 bushels last
year, according to the I'. S. I). A. Rep
resentative at Huenos Aires. A much
larger crop originally was expected be
cause of increased acreage. However,
drought, high temperatures, and strong
winds during January and February
ruined the corn crop in some regions and
greatly reduced yields in others.
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