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German Army
Continued from Page 6)
Communism, and thus allow it
to win.
Not that de Gasperi is not
greatly respected and admired. It
is simply that his party includes
many reactionaries who are pro
foundly distrusted. It is a
question, in many minds
whether because of their influ
ence, de Gasperi will be able to
put into effect his proposed re
forms and help the country as he
honestly wants to do. For that
reason, many people regret the
size of his 'majority vote, believ
ing it does not represent the true
sentiments of the voters, and will
give encouragement to those
elements in his party destructive
of the common good.
Most Understand
When I asked if the American
pressure to get Italians to vote
anti-Communist had been recog
nized, people smiled. “Of course,”
they said, “the Italians are not
stupid. There has been resent
ment among some that Ameri
cans would use the people’s need
for food and drugs, for instance,
to win their votes, but most of
them understand the over-all sit
uation.”
Just the same, the Commun
ists exploit that situation to the
hilt. I thought of all the to-do
one heard at home about insisting
that the recipients of our food
should know where it came from
and be properly grateful. We for
get that they are proud people, as
well as hungry ones.
Communist Tactics
I was told about a smart trick
the Communists pulled when the
Friendship Train came to Italy.
It was in Bologna, a, strong Com
munist city. The Communist
mayor ordered his people to boy
cott the Train and, although he
headed the official committee
and was supposed to make the
welcoming address, he did not
come. So a leading churchman
made the speech, arid made the
most of the opportunity. There
was a big crowd, and the streets
were lined with monks and nuns.
The result was that the word
went out: “The Church is in
charge of the American food.
Americans will only give food to
Catholics.” And, although there
are not many non-Catholics in
Italy, there was deep resentm^ent
and sneers at “American justice,”
“American Freedom of Religion,”
“America buying votes for the
Church” and so forth.
It was a clever trick, but not,
I was earnestly assured, as clever
as the “trick” of the Friendship
Train itself. On every side one
heard praise and gratitude for
that visible expression of Ameri
ca’s good will.
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Italy’s Communism is not the
real variety. It is based on dis-1
trust, on opposition to the status
quo, and, much of it, on utter ig
norance: either of real Commun-|
ism or of real democracy. This
goes right up into the higher
brackets.
An American told me an amus
ing incident in illustration. One
of the young leaders of the Com
munist party in Florence came
into his office one day and pick
ed up “Life Magazine.” There
was an article on Greece in it
with dramatic pictures, and
when the young man came to a
photograph of a dead Partisan,
with a sympathetic caption be
neath it, he exclaimed in wonder.
“But this is extraordinary!” he
said. “This publisher, Henry
Luce, must be a very brave man.”
“He may well be,” said the
American, “but just why do you
say that?”
“Why,” said the Italian, “here
he prints a picture that is in di
rect opposition to the policy of
your government. How does he
dare to do it?”
“Sit down,” said the American,
and spent the next half hour de
livering a lecture on freedom of
the press and democracy, U. S.
style.
“And remember,” he said, as he
told me about it, “This young
man is exceedingly well read and
well educated.”
“But how can he be?” I asked.
“How? Well, perhaps I should
have qualified that and said: as
Europeans go, these days. But to
take only Italy: She had 10 years
or more of war and after-war.
Before that she had Mussolini.
No books except Italian books
saying what they wanted said.
For the last year there have been
small American libraries in a few
Italian towns, run by the U. S.
Service of Information. The one
in Florence has 2,700 books, none
of them fiction, and anyway
there has not been time, or much
effort made either, to spread in
formation about America. That
young Italian Communist is well-
read, as far as anyone is well-
read in Europe. But that’s not far.
Americans must take all that into
account when they talk about
fighting Communism and re
educating Europe. It’s got to be
done but it is a. gigantic job.”
It Musi Be Done
Perhaps that was the thought
that was uppermost in my mind
when I left Italy: A gigantic job
that must be done.
That it is a big task is obvious,
and much more so to me since
I have had even such a slight
glimpse-of the complexities of
the Italian scene. It looks so dif
ficult that if there were not the
rest of the phrase, “It must be
done,” and if the Italian people
were not trying hard to do it, I’d
cry quits right now.
But it must be done, and not
“to fight Communism” either.
That is simply one of the inevi
table results of doing it, if a most
important one. Italy must be sav
ed for Italy, and Italy ipust be
saved for us. Because the world
can’t do without Italy. Because
Italy and her loveliness, her great
art and her great people, consti
tute a vital stone in the arch of
civilization.
A Good Place
As my porter and I waited for
the train in Florence’s beautiful
new pinkish marble station, I
asked him how things were go
ing. “Better?”
He shrugged. Maybe. There
was lots of room for improve
ment. Too many out of work and
prices so high. It took two months
of your salary to buy a suit. And
hadn’t I found Florence changed?
All the sad ruins of the war!
“Yes, that’s true. But the Bap
tistry doors are back, aren’t they?
That was fine.”
His face lit up. “Has the ^sig
nora seen them?”
I had crossed the cathedral
square five or six times during
my stay and always had had to
circle around the people standing
gazing, at the doors, Ghiberti’s
famous bronze relief doors, one
of Florence’s most treasured
works of art. The Germans had
carried them off during the war'
and only a few months before my
visit they had been found and
brought back. Now they were re
gilded and shone in all their
glory before the worshipping
gaze of Italian peoplfe. Crowds of
from 50 to 100 stood there, silent,
from dawn to dusk, their faces
expressive of joy, of pride, of
wonder, of deep sombreness as
the mind perhaps reviewed
Italy’s tragic years.
But even in the saddest faces
there was a look of hope. It was
as if the return of these doors
was a sign that Italy herself
would return and live again in
her place of honor and glory in
the world.
My porter felt that, and when
he said goodbye he added, “You
come back again?”
“Just as quick as I can,” I said.
“It is good that you want to
come back again,” he said, and I
don’t think he meant because I
was a tourist and would spend
money. He meant: it was good
that people wanted to come back
again to Italy; that Italy was a
good place, once more, to come
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