WHAT ABOUT YALTA?
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o
(Continued from Page 2)
the war in the Pacific. But in
President Roosevelt’s mind most
important of all wss the neces
sity to get Russia into the United
Nations. That was his main ob
jective. He was convinced that the
international organization to keep
the peace, then in process of for
mation, could never succeed with
Russia on the outside. He wanted
to get Stalin firmly committed to
it. He thought, as everyone else
did, that it would be very diffi
cult to get the Russians to join
and he was prepared to offer ma
jor concessions to that end. He
was looking ahead, as he often
did, without enough study of the
actual present.
That was the political angle;
the military angle backed it up
and was strongly influential with
both Roosevelt and Churchill. The
Yalta conference took place at
an unfortunate time for the West
ern powers and a fortunate one
for Russia. Just a week after the
date had been set the German
break-through in the Argonne oc
curred The Allies were thrown
back, losing much ground and
suffering heavy casualties. They
had been completely surprised
and morale was low. It was still
low when the conference took
nlace with every prospect of long stood until long afterwards. In
Western powers, and a factor that
also acted to cl6ud the judgment
of Roosevelt at the time was a
sudden rise of unpleasantness in
British-American relations. What
seems to have been a secret agree
ment between Churchill and Stal
in to divide up the Balkans and
Greece between them had recent
ly come to light. It added fuel to
Secretary Hull’s peipsistent and
vitriolic early-American dislike of
Britain and to Roosevelt’s con
viction that Churchill would put
the Empire ahead of everything.
He was determined that,- in work
ing things out at the end of the
war, Britain should not be in a
position to take over, in royal
British style, the territory that
Japan would give up, a dark de
sign which he suspected Church
ill of harboring. And perhaps
with reason. And so at Yalta,
Churchill and Roosevelt were not
working in the close accord that
marked most of their meetings.
There is no doubt that Stalin
profited mightily thereby.
What Happened
To read the details of the meet
ing itself is to feel that botla
Churchill and Roosevelt were
completely outmaneuvered,
though that was not to be under
and arduous fighting ahead. At
the same time, 'the Pacific cam
paign was increasing in intensity.
But. for Russia, things were go
ing well. They now held the ma.i^r
fact, both Western statesmen re
ported to their governments that
Yalta had been a Western diplo
matic victory.
Stalin cut the ground from un
towns of Eastern feurope andider Roosevelt from the start, by
vmr°'>'ithin easy striking distance agreeing with little argument to
of Berlin Vienna and Prague. So | the point which the latter had felt
Stalin went into Yalta full of, was most essential and would be
confidence while Churchill and most difficult to attain. He agreed
Roosevelt were anxious, with the
ole PS of their military advisers
in their ears to do everything pos
sible to keep Russia from relax
ing her efforts in Europe and to
bring her into the Pacific war.
They wanted Stalin Committed
to a second f^ont against Japan as
much as the Soviet leader had
previously wanted an Allied
second front in Europe ■
This military objective of the
conference loomed very large and
it embodied the concerted opin-
ibns of British and American
chiefs of staff, including those on
the Pacific front. A few weeks
after the conference, according to
the Forrestal diaries. General
MacArthur added his voice to that
of his colleagues, urging bn the
Secretary the importance of the
view < represented at Yalta, even
suggesting that concessions in
Itjanchuria be made to Russia t6
bring her into the Pacific cam
paign.
At a Time of Tension
So wcj see that Yalta was held
at a time of great tension for the
Drs. Neal and McLean
VETERINARIANS
Southern Pines. N. C.
to bring the Soviet Union into the
United Nations; his stipulation of
the power to veto was in accord
with the ideas of the others who
knew that neither of their .govern
ments would enter an interna
tional organization without that
loophole of escape. They could not
know then that the Russians
would strangle the action cf the
U. N. by their abuse of the veto
power. Both Churchill and Roose
velt felt they had won a major
diplomatic victory in winning
Stalin over to membership in the
U. N.
As to the other demands of the
Western Allies; In Europe Stalin
pretended to agree to certain stip
ulations in regard to Poland, free
elections and the rights of the
Polish government in exile; the
matter of German reparations
seem to hive been left up in
tlie air, passing Over Eden’s stren
uous plea that they should not re
peat the mistake of the previous
war, in which the excessive Ger
man debt became a millstone
about the neck of the League of
Nafions. Roosevelt agreed to the
Russian plan, though later the
appalling figure they had suggest
ed was greatly reduced. In Asia
the story is more familiar: we
gave Russia valuable rights in
Manchuria and the Kuriles while
we got in return her promise to
enter the war against Japan and
the use of air bases in her Mari
time p^rovinces, a concession that
later events rendered valueless.
Hindsight Again
All these concessicns were made
to Stalin as bailf to persuade him
to enter the war against Japan.
Again, hindsight tells us what
neither Roosevelt nor Churchill
nor their advisers could know:
that Russia would not be needed.
The atom bomb was not then
available and the brave and in
dustrious Japanese were repair
ing, over night and every nigh't, i
the fearful damage bcmbers were!
inflicting on them; all signs
pointed to a long and terrible
campaign before Japan could be
subjugated.
Whatever my be said of Stalin,
there is no doubt that he is a
shrewd judge of chartctec. At
Yalta he read Roosevelt’s dispo
sition like an open book. By
agreeing immediately to- member
ship in his pet project, the United
Nations, he made ‘ him, and
Churchill, too, doubtless, feel that
his intentions were good. There
was, they felt, plain sailing ahead.
Furtherm.ore, Stalin sensed that
generosity on his part would lull
the president’s suspicions and
evoke a corresponding spirit. Both
these men were brought up in the
vchool where words of honor and
decency are to be expected.
Roosevelt, always overoptimistic,
let down his guard, decided the
Russians were not such bad folks
as he had thought and anyway
he could handle them.
Again, hindsight tells us what
they could not knc-w: that Stalin’s
use of the veto would make Rus
sian membership in the U. N. al-
-"ost worse than useless and that
the atom bomb would render Rus
sian participation in the Pacific
war unnecessary.
Both statesmen returned
1-7
BY DR. KENNETH J. F0REMANj4
S^IPTUKE; II Samuel 5:6-25; 8--9.
DEVOTIONAL READINGS; Psalm 72:
The Statesman
Lesson for August 31, 1953
■ POLITICIAN is a man who
^ goes into politics as a man goes
into any game—to win. He wants
office, wants people to vote for him
/Popularity is his stock in trade A
statesman, on the
other hand, is not
remembered for
the number of
votes he command
ed, nor for the num
ber of times he was
elected, nor for the
particular titles he
held. A statesman’s
claim to fame is
not based on what
he did for himself,
but on what he did for his country.
That is why a “statesman is a dead
politician.’’ Some time has to go
by, before it_ can be finally said
whether any particular politician’s
career was good for his country or
not.
Dr. Foreman
Timber To Pap er
Film Is Shown At
Rotary Meeting
Harry Lee Brown was program
leader for last Friday’s luncheon
meeting of the Southei;n Pines Ro
tary club, held at the Village Inn,
and through the courtesy of the
Chicago Herald-Tribune he pre
sented a film that proved of much
interest to the group.
This publishing company, on
several large tracts of land in
Canada, grows, fir timber for man
ufacturing its own newsprint and
the film showed the various steps
from the time the timber was cut
in the forest until the final print
ing process. Where 44,000 papers
an hour ccme from the presses.
Mountains of logs were seen,
waiting to be flo-ated down the
tributaries of the St. Lawrence
after the ice was out of the way,
later to be loaded onto barges and
sent cn their way to the manufac
turing plants, from which they
emerge as huge rolls of paper.
Final scenes were in the Herald-
Tribune publishing plant.
A. C. Dawson operated the pro
jector.
Russell Lorenson, president,
presided over, the very brief busi
ness session and welcomed F, L.
Taylor of Pinehurst, who was a
guest at the meeting. Garland
Pierce asked the blessing.
The Prudential Insurance Company
of America
T. "Judge" Avery, Special Agent
Box 1278 SOUTHERN PINES Tel. 2-4353
CLARK’S New Fuaeral Chapel
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UPHOLSTERING
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SPRING COMPANY
Southern Pines, N. C.
Phone 2-4822
Main Plant—Laurinburg, N. C. Tel. 1089
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HENRY L. GRAVES GLADYS D. GRAVES
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+hpir governments to report con
fidence in Russia as a partner in
the war and what they announced
as the success cf the Yalta confer
ence. Churchill said to Parlia
ment: “The impression I get is
that Marshall Stalin and the So
viet leaders wish to live in hon
orable friendship and equality
■vith the Western Democracies. I
feel, also, that their word is their
bond.” Roosevelt sooke in similar
vein. He told Congress: “The
Crimea conference spells. . . it
ought to spell. . . the end cf uni
lateral action, exclusive alliances,
spheres of influence, balance of
power and all the other experi
ments which have been tried for
centuries and have always failed.”
Both men were wrong, the ex
perienced, wise, shrewd British
statesman and the clever, but
over-ontimistic American, with
the great vision of a world of
peaceful brotherhood. But if they
both taken in, and it was
at least for a good reason: because
their ideals were of the highest
and they did not conceive of ths
extent of ruthlessness that op
posed them.
We may say: they should have
known; they should have been on
their guard; but hew many of the
ueople who, profiting by the wis
dom of hindsight, now convict
Roosevelt for the results of Yalta
would have done any differehtly
at the time?
To come down to cases': how
many of the senators and repre
sente tiyes and the military lead
ers who taunt the administration
with ‘“Yalta!” acclaimed the re
suits of that cohference and back
ed the actions taken there, when
it held? It would be interesting to
know.
Achieving Unity
T>AVID. King of Israel, has been
^ dead long enough now so that
we can with great assurance call
him a statesman. We saw a few
weeks ago (Aug. 10 and 17) that Saul
faced much the same problems that
face nations today, but failed to
solve them, largely because he was
to the wrong kind of man. David had
Seawell Continues
Political Tour
Herbert F. Seawell of Carthage,
Republican gubernatorial nomi
nee of North Carolina, will deliver
the first of four campaign speech
es scheduled for the next few
weeks in 4;he courthouse at High
Point tonight.
One week from tonight he will
sneak at the Roanoke Rapids High
School. On Sept. 27, Mr. Seawell
is to addfess the Stanly County
Republican rally at Albemarle,
and the following day he will
speak in Durham.
MT. Seawell stated that he has
carried his campaign into 46 of
the state’s 100 counties so far.
FOR RESULTS USE TOE PI
LOT’S CliASSIFIED COLUMNS
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
COUNTY OF MOORE
The undersigned, having quali
fied as executrix of the Estate of
Mary B. Hall, deceased, late of
Moore County, North Carolina,
hereby notifies all persons having
claims against said estate to pre
sent such claims to the undersign
ed, on or before the 24th day of
July, 1953, or this notice will be
pleaded in bar of their recovery.
All persons indebted to said es
tate are requested to make im
mediate payment to the under
signed.
This 24th day of July, 1952.
RUBY HALL, Executrix Estate of
Mlary B. Hall.
j25,al,8,15,22,29
the same problems; but he solved
them.
We must remember that
David’s times were a thousand
years before Christ, so of
course he was no Christian.
Nevertheless, looking back at
his achievements, history can
say, Weil done! Here lived a
man who had what it took to
lead his nation to have and to
be what it needed to have and
to be at that time.
What Israel needed to become a
strong nation were unity and se
curity. At Saul’s death these were
lacking, and of course that spelled
national weakness. The split be-.
tween Judah and the other tribes
had never been healed. David se
cured the unity of the nation in a
dramatic way; he captured the city
of Jerusalem which had been in
enemy hands for hundreds of years,
and made that city, for the first
time, the capital of Israel. He built
his palace there (Saul’s had been
at Gibeah,) he brought the ark there
(see lesson for Sept. 14), and intend
ed building a temple which would
be the central shrine for the entire
nation. Through creating this new
and centrally located capital, David
achieved political, military, reli
gious ajid sentimental unity all at
once.
• • •
Some 'Wars Are Not in Vain
KS for national security, there
^ are three kinds of it and David
developed all of them. First there
is military security. The only way
to get it, for David, was to beat
down the armies that had been beat
ing the Israelites.
It is a blood-stained story; but
still the question is a fair one; If
David had lost aU the battles he
won, what would have become of Is
rael? They would have gone the way
of the Hivites and the Girgashites—
if any one knows where that is. A
few scraps of pottery, perhaps,
some fragments of ruined walls,
something for professors of ancient
history to dig up and wonder about,
—that is what Israel would ha've
come down to, if David’s wars had
not succeeded.
He wound up his series of
wars with this happy situation:
Every single nation or tribe that
had been giving the Israelites
trouble, was either welded into’
the Israelites kingdom, or made
into an ally.
Other Kinds of Security
KNOTHER kind of security is
^ commercial. A nation cut off
from trade with its neighbors is
doomed to be a poor nation, even
perhaps a beggar nation. Out of the
mass of proper names in these
chapters about David’s kingdom,
four are specially meaningful: Edom
and Tyre and Damascus and Ham
ath. The three latter were great
commercial and transportation cen
ters. Edom, with its border on the
Red Sea, gave Israel for the first
time a seaport on deep water, with
all the possibilities that involved.
'The reign .of David’s succes
sor was to be one of unprece
dented prosperity and interna
tional good will; but It was
David’s statesmanlike policies
that made the prosperity possi
ble.
The third kind of security is more
internal, and more a matter of the
spirit than the sword, more of the
mind than of money. It is the na
tional security which can exist only
where there is a united and uniting
loyalty on the part of the citizens.
David had the rare gift which a
politician uses for selfish ends, a
statesman lor the good of his coun
try: the abUity to make friends out
of potential enemies.
“[U M A « iMj o|(^
In fact as man continues his quest for the best
gadgets, there is a more modern way of doing
almost everything.
But beware lest you lose sight of the old dis
coveries that will never become obsolete.
For instance, there is no more modern way
to peace and happiness than the Christianity bur
ancestors treasured before us.
And when you need a text-book for living, there
is no book-of-the-month to equal the Bible your
Mother gave you.
And when it comes to gaining spiritual insight
and moral strength, there will never be any stream
lined substitute for the Church down the street.
You see, in spiritual discovery, man didn’t have
to await modern science. Long ago God gave us
Truth and Power. That is why the age-old faith
the Church teaches is THE LATEST MODEL
FOR LIVING.
for AU .
earth for
fharaoter qnd aL.^” of
f a stoj-eh^se^,^^^ f't'^enship. ft
Without a values
democracy ijor^ neither
survive. There 'on
reasons why eve;? rv.
vttend services?? should
<he “d sup.
his own site
ch;l<^en's sate, fsi .f®’’ his
hts community
For the sake of (4)
jvhioh needs “self,
teriai .Sup^rt “a-
church '•remilnwt to go to
Sible daily.' read your
Sunday .. '^‘U'ses
Monday p?*™? 4
Tuesday, w. T®rba ij jo-SS
Wednesday
S«»rday.:.Ga°?S?, W
Copyright 1962, KefatwAdr.Swwicfl, Stnsbnrg.'Vs. J
Southern Pines
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH
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Wednesday Service, 8 p. m.
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urday from 3 to 5.
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