Farm Department. Conducted by J. M. Beaty. FUNGICIDES AND SPRAYING. The Bordeaux Mixture. The efficiency of fungicides depends upon the fact that uan.v plant diseases are caused by fungi. These fungi gain enter auce to the plant at the surface by the means of reproductive bodies called spores. The fungi cide is a mixture which is spread upon the surface of the plant and by its poisonous properties pre vents the spores from successfully germinating and gaining enter-1 ante into the plant. These mixturers have been in use only duiing the last quarter of the, last century. Notwithstanding their recent discovery and intro duction they have made rapid headwuy in gaining a perma-, uent place as a necessary means of crop protection. Their effi ciency is recognized by all who grow for profit fruits, or other susceptible plants, and by all lovers of perfect fruit and healthy plants. Spraying for fungus diseases is recognized as a necessary measure by the suc cessful horticulturist. The Bordeaux mixture, which takes its name from its place of discovery, Bordeaux in France, i is the most effective fungicide. It consists of copper sulphate (blue j vitrial or blue stone) uud quick lime mixed with water in various proportions. The Bordeaux j mixture first used contained IN pounds of copper sulphate, 34 1 pounds of lime, and 28 gallons of water. This constituted a pasty mass. Profiting from ex perience this was quickly super seded by weaker solutions. The first of these contained sixj pounds of copper sulphate, four J pounds of lime and twenty-two | gallons of water, which may be called in brief a <>-4-22 mixture. This was superseded by (i-4-45, j while to-day we find reccommen-' ded <>-4-<)0, 5-5-50, and 4-4-50 j for common use, weaker strengths j to lie used in special cases. There | is no certainty as to which of these strengths is best. No danger can come from the use of as strong solution as 5-5-50, yet | it is possible that all the good j can be accomplished by the 4-4 50. If so, there would be a loss! of material through the use of the stronger solution. This matter is open to experimenta tion. The two strengthsof Bordeaux are as follows: Copper sulphate or blue stone 4 lbs. Quick lime 4 lbs. Water 50 gallons. This strength may be used on all plants of which the foliage is not susceptible to injury. These plants with delicate foliage such as the peach, plum, j cherry, and apricot, demand j weaker solutions, consisting of Copper sulphate ... 2 lbs. lame 2 lbs. Water 50 gallons. Or? Copper sulphate... 2% lbs. Lime (j lbs. Water 50 gallons. In the preparation of the Hordeaux mixture it is well to have on hand stock solutions of copper sulphate and lime. The stock solution of the copper sulphate should be made by dis solving a certain number of pounds of copper sulphate in one-half the number of gallons of water, e. g., 80 pounds of cop per sulphate in AO gallons of water. Every gallon of this stock solution will contain two pounds of copper sulphate, and the necessity of weighing is avided. The stock solution will remain good for any length of time if protected from evapora tion, or if any water evaporated is replaced. In order to dissolve copper sulphate it is best to tie it in a coarse bag and suspend it near the top of the liquid. In this way it will dissolve in a few hours. If it is placed in the bottom of the barrel it will disolve but slowly, even with constant stirring. It is well to dissolve the copper sulphate the night before you are ready to make the mixture, and it will then be ready in the morning. In a similar way a stock so lution of lime should be made. Quick iime of good quality, which is not at all slacked, should be weighed out and placed in a trough and slacked slowly, using a very small quantity of water. My slacking slowly in this way a finer quality of lime is secured. After the lime is thoroughly shaken should lie mixed with enough water to make \ putty like mass. This amy be covered with uiore water to keep out the air, aud may be used when needed. Since this mass was origiually weighed you can estimate nearly enough the quantity lor any given amount of Bordeaux mixture. In preparing the Bordeaux mixture from stock, measure out the projier amount of stock so lution of copper sulphate and dilute it with hulf the amount of water needed. In a similar way measure out the propel amount of lime needed from the stock and dilute it with the other half > of the water, in a separate vessel. The lime should be passed through a tine wire strainer of about thirty meshes to the inch, in order to remove the particles of stone, or it will otherwise cause great difficulty in the pump nozzle when spraying. We now have the two ingredients each mixed with one-half the amount of water called for in the formula. All that remains is to mix these two solutions. They j should be poured together slowly, and with stirring It is a mat ter of considerable importance that the stock solutions be di luted before tney are mixed with each other. The quality of Bordeaux mixture resulting from this method is superior in several respects to that which would he made if strong so lutions were mixed together aud afterwards diluted. The Bor deaux should tie made fresh each time before using, aud any that is left over should be thrown away.?F. L. Stevens, A. & M. College, West Raleigh, in The Progressive Farmer. Hints tor the Orchard Some time ago L promised to say more on the orchard ques tion. Having served as an agent for the nursery, I have picked up a few experiences from all sorts of fruit growers. Apple trees do best at a dis tance of two rods each way; unless the variety planted is known to incline upward rather than downward. Such may be set 25 to 30 feet apart. Apples bear better if the or chard occupies a north hillside. The reason for this is that the winter frost comes out of the ground later, and the bloom thus comes out late enough to miss the usual frost. All fruit, injured by frost, do better on ridges or hills: because the frost is most severe in low places. Trees of all kind will die if they stand in saturated soil. There fore the tile ditch is a present-day necessity. Clay soil, well under drained, is best for the orchard. 1'ut out a new tree wherever one dies. Trees bear best if every place in the orchard is occupied. In an old orchard the young tree should have a space spaded arouud it at least five feet back; for this makes it possible for the tree to be cultivated. The only reason for the failure of the little tree in the old tree's room, is that it chokes in the weeds and grass. Fall setting is best when the winter is moderate, because the dirt falls about the roots best in a dry condition. In the spring it is not easy to find the soil free from water. Fall set trees will put out earlier and make a greater first year's growth. One of my neighbors thinks the blight is due to the sting of an insect. If so, let some one tell howto keep off the insect. Apples and pears keen better if! picked a little green. That is, as soon as the seeds have turned brown, the fruit has attained its growth. Certain pears likeClapp's Favorite, will rot from the core outward if ripened on the tree.? W. 8. Smith, in Indiana Farmer. For eruptions, sores, pimples, kidney and liver troubles, con stipation, indigestion, use Hol lister's Rocky Mountain Tea. Carries now life to every part of the body. Tea or Tablets, 85c. A. H. Iioyett; Selma Drug Co. Progress is the activity of to day and the assurance of to morrow.?Emerson. The Siomach is the i*lan. A weak stomach weakens the man ' lieeause It cannot transform the food hi' J eats into nourishment. Health and j strength cannot be restored to an.v sick man or weak woman withont first re storing health and strength to the stom arli. A weak stomach cannot digest enough food to feed the tissues and re vive the tired and run down limbs and organs of the body. Kodol Dyspepsia Cure digests w hat yon eat. cleanses and strengthens tlie glands and membranes of the stomach, and cures indigestion, dyspepsia and all stomach trouble*. j Sold by Ilood Bros. Itenson Drug Co. j and J. H. Is-dls-tter. No state can be more destitute I than that of a person who. when the delights of sense forsake him. has no pleasures of the mind.? Burgh. Nation of Small Land Owners The large estates and great farms aud ranches all over the L'niltd States are from year to .year being divided up into email farms which are cultivated by owners or tenants living upon them. The tendency to thie con dition here ie greater than in any other country in the world. In a recent address upon small laud owners at a St. Louis Fx position gathering, it was well said that if we educate the people to use the land themselves and enjoy it, they will get the land; because the man tfho lives on his own land will make a profit from it by his own labor, aud not be the purveyor of the product of the labor of others. The very fact that there are large numbers of men ready to take the land aud till it bv their own labor, and get their living from it, and know how to do it, will make it practi cally impossible to compete with them in the production of crops, raised with hired labor. That fact alone will necessarily regu late the price of land, so that we need never fear a laud monopoly in this country under such condi tions. The big farmer who hires his labor cannot stand the com petition of the small farmer who lives on his own laud aud farms it with his own labor.?Indiana Farmer. Lulu Stanhope, St. Louis: "I used to have a horrid complexion, took Hollister's Rocky Moun tain Tea and am called the pret tiest girl in the city." Tea or Tablets. 515 cents. A. H. Boyett, Selma Drug Co. Pig Dont's Don't neglect the pigs simply because you are very busy, for they will neglect you later on if you do. Don't over feed the pigs be cause corn is plentiful and handy at this time of the year. Don't think the pigs can go all day without drink, just because they are pigs and you are busy. Don't think that a pig will be comfortable where other stock would not be when the cold wet nights :ome. Don't feed those sows that are to raise the pigs next spring with the fattening hogs all winter, and then expect them to raise big strong litters for they can't and won't do it. Don't sell the best sow on the farm to your neighbor and keep au inferior one for yourself, just because it will bring a few dollars more. fn short don't do anything or neglect anything that brings dis comfort to the pigs, for if you do you can be mighty sure he will get even with you at the end of the game, for it is his nature and he can't help it ?Northwestern Agriculturist. Chamberlain's Cough Remedy. No one who Is aoquaintedwith its good qualities ettn be surprised at the great popularity of Chamberlain's Oodgh Itemedy. It not only cures colds and grip effectually and pennanemtly, but prevents these diseases from resulting in pneumonia. It is also a certain cure for croup Wooping cough is not dan gerous when ttiis remeay is given. It contains no opium or other harmful substance and may be given as confl dently to a baby as to an adult. It 4s also pleasant to take. When all these facts are taken into consideration it is not surprising that people in foreign lands, as well as at home, esteem this remedy very highly and very few are willing to takeany other after' having once used it. For sale by A. II. Boyett, J. W. Benson, Selnia Drug Co. How well he is read to reason against reading,?Shakespeare. THE GOOD OLD WAV. A severe cold or attack of la grippe Is like afire, the sooner you combat it the better your chances are to overpower it. Rut few mothers in this age are willing to do the necessary work required to give a good old-fashioned reliable treat ment such'as would be administered by their grandmothers.backed hyiWchce's Herman Syrup, which was al *ays liber ally used in connection with the home J treatment of colds and is still in greater household favor than any known reme dy. But even without the application of the old fashioned aids Herman Svruo will cure a severe cold in quick time It will cure colds in children or grown people. It relieves the congested or gans. allays the irritation, and effectively stops the cough. Anv child will take it. It Is Invaluable in a household of children. Trial size bottle, 25c; regulaa size, 75c, For sale by Hood Bros. Proverbs were bright shafts in j the (J reek and'Latin quivers.? Disraeli. Better Than Ptlls. The question has been asked?In what way nre ChumlsTliiln's Stomach and Liver Tablets superior to the ordinary cathartic and Liver Fills? Our answer is They nre easier and more pleasant to tnke and their effect is so gentle and so agree able that one hardly realizes that It is produced by a medicine. Then tbey not only move the bowels but improve tbe appetite ntid aid tbe digestion. For sab ot 25 cents per bottle by A. II. Boyett, Srnlthfleld; Solum Drug Co. .1. W. Ben ton ANOTHER BIG BMVTLE EXPECTED Opposing Armies Still Feeing Esoh Other Below Mukden. Mukden. Oct. 24.?While no pitched battle has occurred during the last few days, the two armies are kept In touch with one another, holding the positions they occupied when the big 1 battle ended. There is no evidence that the Russian army will rush north, as was the case after the battle at Llao Yang In fact, the Russians have another line of defense to fall back ion In the event that they are forced out of their present positions. During the last few days there has been frequent artillery Are. occasional infantry attacks and daily clashes bo tween outposts and scouts. Unless the Japanese take the initla ti e soon, the Russians, It Is expected, will resume the offensive and endeavor to drive the Japanese back, for the purpose of Insuring the safety of their winter quarters, which undoubtedly will be north of Mukden unless a southward advance is successful. Another big battle is expected shortly, as the weather Is already turning cold. It will be impracticable for the two armies to winter in their present positions midway between Mukden and Llao Yang. Russian Casualties 60,000. Toklo, Oct 24.?Manchurian head quarters reporting by telegraph says that the number of Russian dead found on the battlefield and interred up to October 22, makes a total of 10,550. Upon this total Russian casualties are estimated to exceed 60,000. The Japa nese captured a total of 45 guns dur- j ing the Shahke operations. j Fighting at Port Arthur. Chefoo, Oct. 24.?The Japanese on i the afternoon of October 16 resumed j their attack on the Russian outer I works at Rihlung mountain. After four hours' fighting they succeeded in cap turing a number of the Russian tenches and one small hill. It is the belief at Dalny that a general assault en Port Arthur will be made soon. HOW THE BRITISH TAKE IT 8lnking of Ships Means Ultimatum Or Apology Within 48 Hours. London. Oct. 24.?No official view could be gleaned of the firing by Rus sian war vessels upon a British fishing fleet in the North Sea. The first re ports of the affair received in London were regarded as almost incredible. When, however, cumulative evidence no longer left doubt of the general ac curacy of the reports, astonishment became bewilderment as to what pos sible motive could have led Russian officers into such an extraordinary and inexplicable course of action, which, unless a satisfactory explana tion is immediately forthcoming, could only be regarded as an act ot war. This is the view taken editorially by all the j morning papers. The worst feature of the story, as viewed here, is the heart lessness displayed by the Russian fleet In stealing away without taking the trouble to ascertain even whether their fire had inflicted any damage and with out any effort to rescue the victims. Sir Frederick Pollock, an authority on international law, said: "If the facts are as stated, it is an act of war. It j must mean an ultimatum or an apology within 48 hours or so. It will probably be found, however, that some Russian commander lost his head, suspecting Japanese designs, and that he will be cashiered and an apology ordered." JUMPED FROM HOSPITAL WlNDOW Dr. Purviance, Suffering From Ner vous Disease, Plunged to Death. Philadelphia, Oct. 21. ? Suffering from acute nervous disorders. Dr. George H. Purviance, of Washington, D. C? assistant surgeon general of! the marine hospital service. Jumped from the fourth-story window of the Orthopaedic hospital, in this city, and was Inrtar.tly killed. Dr. Purviance was about 63 years of age, and came to the hospital for treatment on Au gust 8. A nurse who attempted to prevent the doctor from leaping to the side walk had a thrilling escape from death, pr. Purviance had been close ly watched. The nurse saw him open a window on the fourth floor and step out on a small balcony. She followed quickly and grasped the doctor on the shoulder as be was climbing over the balcony rail. He tried to free him self, and then caught the nurse about the waist and was slowly dragging her over the rail when she managed to brfiak his hold on her. Before she could again seize him the invalid plunged headforemost down into an archway below the sldewalla He was dead when picked up. Dr. Purviance was a widower. Two adult sons re side In this city. Terrific Crash on Railroad. Whitehouse, N. J.. Oet. 22.?A coal train coming down the grade from Plckele mountain at high speed crash ed into a combination passenger and milk train standing at the station here, killing one man. severely injuring two others and smashing 40 cars to pieces. The combination train had stopped to take on the milk cars and the engine left the main track to go on a siding for them. When the collision occur red the passenger cars were hurled ovgr on the engine and the milk cars on the siding. The steel cars of the coal train were torn to pieces and piled high In the air. Both engines were completely demolished. Died From Overdose of Drugs. Baltimore, Md.. Oct. 24.?Mrs. John B. Sewell. about 40 years old. died from taking an overdose of drugs of various kinds. It is stated that she swallowed 14 grains of morphia. 40 eralns of chloral and a wine glassful of lauda num. The drugs were taken on Friday, and Mrs. Sewell remained In a stupor until she died. She had been suffering (roin Insomnia. U * I We are having "hoi Siull" now. | i s -*? m ; .: New things in Fall Clothing and Nobby X Styles in Hats. Metropolitan Fashion in 3? Shoes and up-to-dateness in Dress Fabrics. \ i i? II * HI 5 3 Try our International Clothing. "Key. gg stone Hats, "Arogan" and Anvil brand 55 Shoes, and every conceivable pattern in Dress Fabrics. A A A A 5 3 11; I a *5 We are still in the General Merchandise II business and are fully fixed to please you, |ji | jj xj* If you want a suit made to order we are 13 the "Hot Stuff."A A A A H li ~ I | John s. Karnes & Co. | p CLAYTON, A North Carolina, jjj| 1:: i:n:: ? THE JNO.A. McKAY MFG. COMPANY DUNN, l\l. C.. FOUNDERS. MACHINISTS AND GENERAL METAL WORKERS AND DEALERS IN Mill Supplies and High-Grade Machinery. AGENTS FOR ??? Farquahar Machinery, Atkin's Saws, Sergeant & Lane Saw Mills, Etc. Littleton Female College. This institution with a patronage of more than 200 pupils from live different states, covering an area of 1000 miles in diameter, desires immediate correspondence with any young lady who wishes lo mi off to school. A postal card or letter will bring immediate reply and interesting information. The 23d Annual Session will begin on Wednesday, Sept. 14,1004. J. M. RHODES, President, Littleton, $. C. .E v c C o 311 i i = c ^ S E >. ?