Newspapers / The Smithfield Herald (Smithfield, … / July 1, 1910, edition 1 / Page 6
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jr t, Farm Department [ Drvolrd t? Ike Interests of Those 5 Engaged in A*ricnlturnl Pursuit*. Conducted by J. M Be.ty ? THE CORN CROP. While cotton U our principal mon ey crop, no farmer should under esti mate corn. It means bread to eat and (at horses, and mules, and hogs, as well as something to bring In a little money all through the year. Farmers who make big corn crops are usually successful in making money at their business. It takes more skill to n ake corn than cotton ] and this seems to be a year when extra efforts will be necessary to nuke much corn in this stctioii. Corn looked none too well before the re cent wet weather and now most of it Is more or less yellow and looks unpromising. What should we do to It? It should be manured as well as possible. We have Just put a second application of guano to our corn. When the last * plowing is done nitrate of soda will be applied to part of it. Any farmer who knows his land and the previous crop on it can easily decide where soda is needed. There is nothing which will take the plate of work in the corn field. Be sure not to plow deep and tear up the roots. The time for deep plowing in corn has passed un-( less it be some late planted corn.'I Some farmers cut off their corn yield one-third to one-half by deep plowing late in the season. It is never safe to plow up many roots of any crop which is being cultivated. Frequent and shallow cultivation is what corn needs. Do not lay it by too early.' The most successful corn growers work their corn late. Some of them have a rule to plow It until a few silks can be seen in the fields. An other important part is to lay by the corn clear of grass and needs. We do very little hoe work in corn but after all that can be done with the plows Is done, then we go over it with hoes and cut out all the weeds and grass If there Is any. I Weeds and grass if not destroyed will injure the corn and peas and raise seed to give future trouble. About Fertilizing Cow Peas. The cow pea is undoubtedly I ho greatest soil improver we have in the South. It will grow on a poorer soil, and come nearer making a good crop under unfavorable circumstances, and succeed in more localities than any other legume. In fact, it has come to be our main dependence, both as a soil improver, and for hay. There is one point, however, which we do not seem to realize, and that Is, that it pays just as well, if not better, to fertilize a cow pea crop as any other crop. A friend of the writer, who kept about twenty-five Jersey cows and made a great deal ot manure, stated that It paid him better to haul out his manure in June and spread it thinly broadcast oil land to be planted in cow peas, and after the peas were off, sown in wheat, than to use the manure direct 17 to fertilize the wheat In the fall. He stated that this parctice re sulted in an enormous growth of cow pea vines, which he cut for hay. and that the pea stubble, and the ni trogen, which the peas had gathered from the air, put the land in condi tion to produce more wheat than ,Wben the wheat crop was fertilized directly. This i'lustrates the fact that It I pays better to fertilize a renovating crop than It does a money crop. The final resu'.t is what we are after, and when we know a thing to be true it is up to us to practice it. While there are comparatively few of us who have manure with which to fertilize our peas, we can all se cure the cheaper forms of chemical fertilizer, such as acid phosphate and potash, and if your land is well Inno cu'.ated with the necessary bacteria, that is all that is necessary. This bacteria is that form of life which attaches itse'f to the roots of leguminous plants, forming little knot* or nodules, and enables the plant tO| obtain its nitrogen from the air. When these nodules form on the roots, the land Is already lnnoculated, and this is usually the case where cow peas lmve been grown for a number of years on the same land. Where they do not appear, it Is best to innocu late the seed with Farmogerm, ori some form of nltro-culture, which can' now be secured very cheaply in a commercial form. If you are uncer tain as to whether or not your land contains the necessary bacteria, it is1 1>est to innoculate your seed, any-' way, and if cow peas have not been' grown on the land for a number of , years, you may be pretty sure that It needs lnnoculation. A fertilizer for cow peas should analyze about 10 per cent phosphoric1 acid and 10 per cent potash for san-1 dy land, and 10 per cent pnosphoric i acid and 4 per cent potash for clay j ? and. This for land that is already H veil innoculated with the necessary i >acteria, or where the proper nitro- j ?ulture is used with the seed. Where bese conditions are uot present, and Ahere no culture is used, it will be a advisable to add at least 2 per cent a litrogen to the fertilizer. ti You can make the fertilizer by the b !o'lowlng formula: For a 10-10 ferti- v lizer, use 1.600 pounds (14 per cent) t K id phosphate, and 4*?0 pounds of f muriate of potash to make a ton. For o i 10-4 fertilizer, use 1,300 pounds (16 fc per cent? acid phosphate, and 700 r pounds of kainlt to make a ton. If i pou wish to add 2 per cent of nitro- f gen to either one of these fertilizers, c j'ld 250 pounds of nitrate of soda per ? Ion, or 6o0 pounds of cotton seed i meal. Till* will, of course, reduce e the rela'vie percentage of phosphor- t Ic a' id and potash somewhat, but I your fertilizer wl 1 he all right for 1 the cow pea crop. I'M 300 pounds I per acre in the drill or 600 pounds t broadcast. If possible, the land should be turn- ! ed with a disc plow or large two- t horse p'ow, broadcast, as this deejv- f breaking will bury the weed and < grass see so that your pea crop will t not be troubled, even though it is t sown broadcast. Then sow your pea i seed, using at least a bushel per i acre, and work them in with disc or i cutaway harrow. Then apply your < fertilizer and harrow In with smooth ing harrow and drag or roll level, i This will leave a nice, smooth sur- i face for the mower. ] If you sow your peas and plow i them in broadcast wi h sma'l p'ows, 1 the grass and weeds will come up I with th epeas, and sometimes you i will have more grass than you do ] peas, and sometimes the rag-weeds i will simply take the field. i If you p'arit In the drill, prepare t your land as above, lay off your rows 1 with small bull-tongue, two feet apart, t drill in your fertl lzer and plant your < peas. A combined seed and fertill- ^ zer distributor will be found to be t a great labor-saver on work of this t kind. When planting peas In the t drill, one half bushel of seed per < acre will be sufficient. t After peas are well up, work them out with cultivator. About two work- 1 Ings will be all that is necessary, and i this cultivation will greatly Increase < the yield..?F. J. Merriam. < More Intensive Farming. There Is a greater need at tho present time to make every acre of land produce Its maximum yield than ever before. This Is so for many reasons. I.and has become so high priced that it necessarily must be male to produce more to make till ing the sof1 pro i'able. The acreage of productive land in comparison with growing population is rapidly dimin ishing. A father who has had a hard time in making a living for his family from a farm can hardly expect the growin? members to obtain a living from the same farm by the same methods he employed. For a time there was good land in the Western States which was obtainable. Such land is scarce now, and some of our homeseekers are go ing to western Canada and into Mex ico for new homes. Scientific methods of farming have been worked out, and are now em ployed by the most progressive class of farmers. This has solved the problem, and larger production on the same area is the strong trend of present conditions. The Mepariment of Agriculture and assricul ural stations of the states have spent vast sums of money in their experiments, and agricultural s hoo s t! at has meant more for the welfare, not only of agriculture but of the whole nation. t under the direction of the expert- ? ment stations, and the instruction r from the agricultural colleges farmers f learn intensive methods of culture and <1 grow more or less acreage. The land " which they tend must be cared for 5 in the best possible manner. They t select and test their seed before it o is planted. They make sure that if e it will not grow well they will not t waste their land on it. After the t seed is planted they are fed until a t greater yield is produced than would otherwise be the case. o Modern farm machinery is adapted t to better caring for the crops. Much P of the modern agriculture progress is fi duo to the efficient care that it is ? possible to give crops with the lm- tl proved farm machinery. This is not E only true, but a vast amount of la- n bor can be saved.?Indiana Farmer. , n ;i A Frightful Wreck. 1< of train, automobile or buggy may tl cause cuts, bruises. Abrasions, sprains or wounds that demand Bucklen's Ar- 61 nica Salve?earth's greatest healer. P Quick re'ief and prompt cure results. ,2 For burns, boils, sores of all kinds,!a eczema, chapped hands and iips, sore P eyes or corns, its supreme. Surest P pile cure. 25c at Hood Bros. i ih The West End Methodist Church at w Winston-Salem is planning to build a i $40,000 house of worship at an p early date. it I low the Southern Hi Is Became Poor. A'l over the red hills of the Sou hern up auds there formerly existed vast forest of oaks. Through long ges they added humus to the soli hrough their fallen leaves, dead ranches and decaying trees. There >as not so great an accumulation ot his humus as in the more Northern orests, since the forests were more ipen and the leaves blew into the id'ows and bottoms and made tlu-m ich at the expense of the hills, while n the North the heavy snowfalls tacked the forest debris down to de ay In place. Here and there In the Southern hills are atl 1 found rem iau'8 of solitary oaks, or little groves bowing what the forest was before he white man destroyed it, destroy ng It n'>t for economic uses, but tilled the trees so that crops could le raised oil the land occupied by he woods. Then the labor system of the o'd 3outh demanded extensive areas and lie virgin soli was used without re tard to the future. When it no long er paid in crops, it was turned out is "old fields" and left for the pine :ree, to live on the scanty mineral natter left, while the same process was repeated on new areas, till fin illy where once oak forests flourish ed only pines are known. Cotton became king in the South, ind all that the soil produced was mnually sent to the North and to Europe. The cotton fibre made small lemand on the soil, and so long as the seed of the crop, which made the Heaviest draft on the soil, was kept it home, and used In making com posts for the land, the deterioration was not so rapid. But the Civil War with its destruction came in and :he Southern people were left penni less. But they still had command of :he cotton supply of the world and ?ame to the conclusion that cotton ivas the only crop worth their atten ion, the on y crop through which hey could recoup their fallen for unes, and that with cotton they -ould buy everything else needed bet er than they could grow it. Under the old system the lands had jeen badly treated, and under the ntense devotion to the one crop of ?otton, a crop that demands the clean ?st of cultivation, they still further lepleted the humus in the soil, con stantly depending on commercial fer ilizers merely to get a crop to sell, rhen, added to the one crop system, ?ame the oil mills, and the cotton Farmers had another agency for the ?xhaustion of the soil. The short sighted po icy of Belling the cotton seed prevailed. Stockmen in the S'orth and in Europe found that in !he meal made by the oil mills they jad the greatest and cheapest source if protein for stock feeding, and the mills, of course, were glad to add the sa'e of meal to their source of reve nue. Cotton seed meal contains over r per cenf nitrogen, nearly 2 per cent >f potash and over 3 per cent phos phoric acid, and in every ton of the meal that leaves the South there have jeen carried off 140 pounds of nitro ;en, 40 pounds of pure potash and >0 pounds of phosphoric acid. During twenty months in 1907-8 Germany alone bought 304,376 tons >f our cotton seed meal. That is, she >ought 12,262.560 pounds of phosphor c acid, all of which came from our Southern soils. The amount sold to 3ermany was but a small part of rhat went to all Europe. Yet an ?norinous drain was made on South >rn lan^s in even what went to Ger nany alone. Then the Northern States took ira m'nse amounts, too. Is it any won ler, then, that the Southern soils lave become poor? At the price at which the cotton :<-ed meal was sold to Germany, the litrogen in It brought about 15 cents >er pound. The farmer who sold it lid not get that much. The potash ,nd phosphoric acid brought about ? cents. A crop of only 10.000,000 tales would make about 1,750.000 tons f cotton seed meal. From the best tatlstics available, three-fourths of his amount 1b exported, or 1.312.500 ons of cotton seed meal sent from he Southern soils annually. This means that 183,750.000 pounds f nitrogen, 52,500,000 pounds of ac-!i ual potash and 78.750,000 pounds of : hosphoric acid would be sent abroad rom the soils of the South in even i 10,000,000-bale crop. Hut admitting j hat the nitrogen and the other in- i redients were sold at the prices : amed, what are the Southern far ier? doing to repair this waste?, 'housands of them are buying the i jw grade?8-2-2?ferti'izers, in which bey pay 20 cents per pound for nl rogen, after they have sold the ! time article for less than 15 cents ] er pound, and are using of this about | 00 pounds per acre. That is, they!1 re putting back about four pounds j er acre of nitrogen and four pounds [i er acre of potash, after taking ten,1 mes as much from the soil and sell- I lg It at lower figures. Is it any i onder then that the Southern soils re becoming exhausted of phos hortc acid; potash and nitrogen? Is 1 any wonder that the land owners i get poor while se'ling their products for less than they pay for the tame thing? What is the remedy? In the first place, more cattle and more feeding of the cotton seed products at home In the second place, the adoption of a ro:ation in which, through the more liberal use of potash, and phosphoric acid, they can get all the nitrogen needed and far more than they pay so high a price for now, through the growing and feeding of the legume crops, free of cost. Four pounds of potash per acre will never bring forty pounds that have been taken and sold from It, and four pounds of nitrogen restored to the soil is only about two-thirds of what na ure would give to every acre in the annual rainfall. Whax. effect, then, can Buch an application have on crops, when by encouraging the growth of cow peas an application of 100 pounds of muriate of potash and 300 to 400 pounds of add phosphate per acre, would five them as much nitrogen as they would get from a whole ton of low-grade?8-2-2?goods. The return of the manure from the peas fed would forever do away with any need for the purchase of nitro gen. The cotton crop following such a fertilized pea crop would be vasWy better than it is now with the direct application of the little dribble of low-grade mixed fertilizer. The selling of nitrogen in cotton seed meal would matter little, for that can be gotten back in larger amounts by a good rotation. It is the waste of the mineral elements, potash and phosphoric acid, which once gong from the soil must be replaced arti ficially, that has most reduced the soils of the South, and it is through their rep'acement that nitrogen will be restored.?Southern Ruralist. Caring For Old Horses. The o d hoise, with proper care and treatment, 13 able to stand as inu h hard ^yprk as the young animal and, with horses at present high prices, is wor.h just as much to the average farmer for general work around the farm as a much younger animal. Of course, if offered for sale the old horse wouldn't bring as big a pri e as the young horse be- ' cause most of his life lies in the past. Some horse i that have always re ceive 1 the best of care never seem to grow o d, but are able to perform much wo"k up to the age of twenty five or thirty years. I have in mind at this moment a horse that is just twenty-five* years old. and ye", he is worked on the farm every day du-ing the busy season, , and gives a good account of himself. But he re -elves the very best care , of care. Too often this is not the case.' With many, as toon as a horse be gins to grow old, say from twelve to fifteen years, he ^ neglected and is no longer accorded the good treat- i ment that ycung horses get. He is ? no longer groomed as regular'y and' thoroughly as he formerly was; when I not being used he is left in the pas ture fie'd during all kinds of incle ment weather and, if stable room is a little short, he is turned out for the winter to the protection of a straw stack. Consequent'y he soon contracts rheumatism, and the next, season he is not considered as being,' worth much which may be true enough, considering the treatment he ' has teen receiving. The old horse does not always receive the proper attention in regard to feed, either. ] Many do not stop to take into con sideration the fact that the teeth of an o'd horsi? are not so good as they| were at one time. He is no longer ? able to ma-t;cate his food especially, corn, thoroughly, nor can he eat his; ration in as short a time as a young i animal. So, unless some ground grain is provided for him and he Is given sufficient time to eat his mea's when being worked, he will fail to get the' full benefit of his food and In a'< short time will begin to lose flesh ' and will no longer present the fat: sleek appearance of former days. I, It Is obvious, therefore, that If the horses are to be serviceable until a! good old age, they must receive as good care and treatment. If not bet ter, in their latter years as they re- 1 ceived when they were young. They must not be neglected at anv time, whether working or idle. This plan of treating the old horses wi 1 prove good business policy as well as show a humane disposition.?Indiana Far mer. There are 10 men with life insur ance policies for every woman insured When the s'o- a h fails to perform^ Its functions, the bowels become de ranged, the liver and the kidneys con gested causing numerous diseases* The stomach and liver must be re stored to a healthy condition and Chamberlain's Stomach and Liver Tablets can be depended upon to do It, Easy to take and most effective. Bold by Hood Bros. I Of all the dried fruits none |?|. haps equals the raisin in food value | ind ease of digestion. i Free Child's Remedy What mother is not looking for something that will help her children in the little ills of life, something for the stomach trouble and the bowel trouble? Long ago she prob ably has become convinced that a child cannot readily swallow a pill or a tablet, and that to "break them in half and crush them" is an annoy-1 ance; that usually they work too drasti cally, and are nauseating and too pow erful for the little one's stomach. Any mother who will take the trouble of sending her name and address can ob tain a free sample bottle of a remedy that thousands of other mothers are using and now paying for. This remedy is Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin, and the offer of a f# trial bottle Is open to anv mother who has not yet used it. Having used it and convinced yourself that it is what you want, you can obtain it in the fu ture of your druggist at fifty cents and one dollar a bottle. Just as so many others are doing, the free sample being simply to convince you of its merits. It is the best way to begin on It. Mrs. L. Davis of 1S7 W. Harrison street. Chicago, and Mrs. Mary Bedford. 1710 Coke street, Louisville. Ky., both started with a free sample and now they write that they have never been without a bottle in the house since. It is undoubtedly a great family rem edy. as it is adapted to all ages, being mild and pleasant to take and yet thor oughly effective. It Is especially the ideal remedy for children and women and old folks, who need something pure, mild and natural. It has the advantage of be ing a thorough laxative and yet contains tonic properties. Use it for the most stubborn constipation, indigestion, liver | trouble, sick headache, sour stomach and such complaints with a guarantee that It will cure. Dr. Caldwell personally will be pleased to give you any medical advice you may desire for yourself or family pertaining to the stomach, liver or bowels absolutely j free of charge. I xplain your case in a j letter and he will reply to 3 ou in detail, j For the free sample simply send your , name and address on a postal card or otherwise. For either request the doctor's address Is Dr. W. B Caldwell. R.500 Cald well building, Montlcello, 111. HOOD BROS. "That elocutionist believes in dress ing the part for any recitation." "How do you mean?" "Why, when she read the story about the sailors de serted on the lonely island 6he wore j a costume of maroon, and at her lec-j ture on Celtic wit her dress was trimmed with Irish point."?Baltimore American. Dr. J, Franklin Coltrane, DENTIST, Zebulon, - - N. C. Dr. W. B. Johnson, Dentist L'Pstairs in Sanders' new building SMITHFIELD. N. C. Dr. Paul Fitzgerald DENTIST Offce Over Bank Selma, : : N. C. A. M. NOBLE Attorney-at-Law Smithfield, N. C Money To Looq J. R. WILLIAMS Attorney-at-Law Real Estate Bought ancItSold Clayton, N. C. W. J. JACOBS ARCHITECT and'BUILDER Contractor of Wood Brick and Concrete Building*. Nice Residen ce* a Specialty. DUNN, - - N. C. S. S. HOLT ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Smithfield,N.C. Will Practice Wherever Services Are Desired. - Tobacco Flues! ? ?? For the]next 30 days I will sell 50 sets of Tobacco Flues at greatly reduced pri ces. Now is your time to save money. It you need Flues see the old reliable Flue Maker, S. B. Johnson SMITHFIELD, N. C. jiisi opened I have just put in a full line of Coffins, Caskets and Funeral Supplies Will sell at reasonable rates. If you have to buy these goods call and see me. J. H. Woodard Pine Level, N. C. THE J NO. A. McKAY MFG. CO,, Dunn, N. C. Machinists, Iron and Brass Foun* ders, Castings of all kinds. We make the best Swing Saw Machine in the world for the price. OLD MACHIN ERY MADE GOOD AS NEW. High grade work guaranteed. Agents for the leading makes of Machinery. Good stock of machine supplies al ways on hand. Agents for the celebrated Farquhar Machinery. Agents for the Desmond Injector and Phillip Steel Split Pul? DO YOU WANT A MACHINE? If you want the best Sewing Machine buy the IMPROVED NEW HOME If you want needles for the machine you have send 30 cents in postage stamps for one dozen of them. By buy ing a dozea at a time you get assorted sizes. for sale by J. M. BEATY. SMITHFIELD, N. C. FOR SALE 1 One Two-Horse Power Fairbanks Morse Gaso line Engine and one Iver Johnson Wheel. In first' class condition. WILL SELL CHEAP, C. L. Sauls SMITHKIELD, N. C. Four Oaks Lumber Company Contractors and Builders Do you v^ut a house built, or do you use building material? If so give us you work. We manufacture an sell Rough and Dressed lumber, Shlngl-- brackets, Porch Trimmings and turned work. Heary Turning " Sp clalty. Come and see our Materi ?L Four Oaks Lumber Co HI LLTHE COUCH AWPCUREmLUMgS wmDRiflNG'S NEWDfSCOVERY F0P(P9M*l!J5 so* a ?ioo ru" %>OLOS ?? TMALBOrri! ?ND All THROAT AND LUtC TROUBLES GUARANTEED SAT/SFACTORY _ Of? PtO/V?V ^
The Smithfield Herald (Smithfield, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
July 1, 1910, edition 1
6
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