y 3C
Farm
Department
j Devoted to tbc lotorosU of Tkoii
Ca|a|rd io Agricultural Pursuit?.
Conducted by J. M. Booty
y II ?o
RYE IN THE POTATO PATCH.
If you have a potato patch where
you cannot turn your hogs after the
potatoes are dug then It will pay you
to bow rye on the ground. When
you are ready to dig the potatoea go
over and sow the rye broadcast over
the vines and then dig the potatoes.
In a week or two you will have a
pretty stand of rye which will af
ford good grazing for your stock, be
sides furnishing vegetable matter to '
Improve the land. If you cannot
graze stock on the rye you can
plow 1t In the ground when It Is '
three to four Inches high.
If you think you might want to
cut the rye with a mower it would '
be well to go over the ground with '
a disc harrow Just after the pota- 1
toes are removed from the ground.
For several years we have sown 1
rye after potatoes and feel sure It 1
has always paid. If hogs are to l
root the potato patch it would hard- <
ly pay to sow it as they would tear 1
It up too much. Be sure to sow |
some rye somewhere for the winter 1
and spring grazing of your stock. i
Spreading Manure In the Fall. ,
While we must handle the manure !
at all seasons of the year, fall ma- !
nure-spreading Is. without doubt, the J
most propitious for Ideal results.
Usually, the fields which will be '
turned under this fall or next spring,
are now In stubble or sod, and If the
manure be spread before the ground
freezes, it will work into the soil
and begin the work of rejuvenation
this fall.
Another big advantage of hauling
out the manure this fall, is, that it
will give up to the soil on which
It lies, the rich juices and liquids tha :
would leach away during the winter i
If It Is left in heapB around the <
barn.
Much of the most beneficial part of
mauure thus is lost.
It is not advisable to spread ma- i
nure on the surface of a bare field,
such as a corn-field where the pro- i
duct was cut for fodder, as there Is
nothing to hold the manure particles
and prevent their being washed
away by the late, fall rains and the
water from melting snows later on.
The liquids also are more liable to
leach away on the bare fields; while
the alternate freezing and thawing
are other agencies we must consid
er.
The fall season is the only one In ,
which to spread manure on the mea- (
dow. The stubble and the growth
since mowing, will retain all particles
of manure, as well as the liquids;
while the alternate freezing and
thawing of the soil during the win
ter. will work the rejuvenating com
ponents of the manure into the very
texture of the sod, where it will be
ready to wield Its greatest influence
on next season's growth of grass as
soon as spring opens up. On the
other hand, manure spread over the
meadow in the spring, will be pro- '
tfuctlve of very little good, since the
?pring and summer rains, together '
with the effect of the sun's rays,
will destroy and wash away much of '
the richest fertilizing elements con- '
talned in the manure.
Where one uses a manure spread- 1
er in applying the manure there will 1
be no necessity for further handling, 1
but if it is hauled out in a wagon, ^
by hand. It will be impossible to se- 1
cure an even distribution of the '
fertilizer by scattering It with a t
fork; in which case, pay little atten- li
tion to an even distribution while i
unloading; then, after several loads i
have been scattered, hitch to the P
harrow and harrow the field both t
lengthwise and crosswise till the ma- p
nure-particles are thoroughly pulver- a
lzed and evenly distributed over the f
sunace or the soil. Again. where one
must haul the manure In a wagon, p
let it be In a low, wide-tire wagon, ?
?o that the meadow-sod will not be ??
cut up by the heavy load*. e
There la still another great advan
tage In hauling and spreading manure n
in the (all. It Is done at a season in n
which there is little else that can n
W done; when the farmer and his ^
teems are practically idle. Then, the a
weather will not be disagreeable as
la the spring, and one can stand the ^
labor better now than when it be
gins to warm up next season. Be- _
?Idee, the present manure supply, col- w
lected during the summer will be j
more or less scattered before next ic
spring, if left In the heap, and will
be harder to gather up. Then, too
most farmers know by experience ?
that the manure left lying around
till next spring, is more than liable
to be right there through next sum
mer since the rush work of the sea
too often claims one's attention at M
(he very time he should be hauling Ti
>vt and spreading the manure on his ha
kH] that is fast falling in fertility pr
?onducive to profitable crop pro
luctlon.?M. Coverdell, in Indiana
farmer. .
X '
I . \
\
For Bread.
Nothing U further from our mind
ttan an attempt to tell the lady read
ers of the Ruralist how to make
tread. We only hope to throw out
a fev suggestions which may possibly
result in more bread.
Although bread may be made from
many materials, wheat bread is the
sinndard of the world. All others?
corn bread, rye bread, oat bread, bar
ley bread?are mere substitutes or
ap< jogies. When the one word
"bread" Is used the first thought is
always of wheat br?ad. This Is true
In the South v hero corn is so large
ly used for making certain kinds of,
or substitutes for, bread. It la equal
ly true In Germany where rye bread
county so near to being the staff of
life.
Wc shall first attempt to remove
several common misconceptions con
cerning wheat growing in the South.
Then we hope to present some Im
portant reasons for the growing of
more wheat in this section of coun
try.
Misconceptions: The be'lef is very
lommon among Southerners that
wlieat does not thrive In warm cli
mates, and therefore is not adapted
to the cotton states. Yet these
very people have in their possession
positive proof of their error. They
know that the lands of Bible history
ill possessed warm climates. The
'corn" of the Bible was wheat. It
was really for wheat that the bro
thers of Joseph went down Into
Egypt. There In the valley of the
Nile wheat Is to-day, as it has
been for thousands of years, a staple
crop.
The plant came originally from the
valley of the Euphrates. In the
mild climate of India It Is still grown
both for home use and for export.
In Europe the chief wheat grow
ing countries?France, Italy and Aus
tria?are those with mildest cli
mates.
-ine plain Tact is tnar wneat is
not naturally a cold climate plant.
It possesses wonderful climatic adap
tation?possibly more so than any
ttther staple crop?and therefore sur
vives In cold climates though pre
ferring more mild regions. Clay soils,
Dr loams with clay subsoils. In sec
tions with moderate winter frosts,
are most perfectly adapted to wheat.
These conditions make the cotton
states almost ideal for wheat grow
ing.
The next most common error con
cerning wheat in the South is that
its cultivation here could not be
profitable.
It must be remembered 4that the
mere selling price of a crop does
not determine the profit of that
crop. Three hundred pounds of lint
cotton and 600 pounds of seed from
an acre are to-day worth about $56.
00. Twenty bushels of wheat from
the same land would bring $20.00.
When it Is remembered that all of
the cultivation, much of the fertiliz
ing and all of the picking expense is
avoided with wheat it is easily seen
that the direct profit from wheat is
to-day nearly as great as with cot
ton.
There are indirect profits fully as
Important. These are more proper
ly considered under our next divis
ion.
Advantages of Wheat: This crop 1
jccupies the land only a part of !
he year. In our climate another '
ull crop can always be made on j
*'neat land. It can he successfully '
town on cotton and other stubble '
and between rows of standing crops. J
t supplies a much needed cover crop,
>rotecting soils from washing during 1
vinter. It may be eown with a le- j
tume like Japan clover, which does
lot interfere with the wheat but
mproves the soil while a crop is be
ng made. It may bo followed by
?eas after harvest, and then a pas- j
ure crop like rape may follow the t
<"as, so that the land is kept busy
11 the time and becomes the better r
or 6uch use. ,
r.
Aside from the mere question of ?
rofit from the crop there are oth- ^
r Important reasons why more ^
rheat should be produced on South- \
rn farms. 0
Wheat must as a rule with us. e
lean fall plowing. Fall plowing s
leans not only soil improvement. It
teass protection against the inevl- d
ible boll weevil which hybernates in a
11 stubble and dead vegetation. 'V
More wheat means more bread, and
lore bread means better living. The
[eal bread?the real "staff of life"
-is made of home-ground whole
heat flour. This comes near be- tj
g a perfect'human ration for grow
g and working human beings.
These are the reasons why we
ake this plea For Bread.?Southern 1 p
urslist. a
r<
Chamberlain's Cough Remedy has r<
>come famous for its cures of tr
ugbs, colds, croup and influenza. c<
7 It when in need. It contains no a
irmfnl substance and always gives al
ompt relief. Sold by Hood Bros. pi
le
Women are not permitted to be ae
;otographed la China. . ' pr
' k 1
The C?re of Farm Implement*.
Franklin'? old maxim, "A place for
everything, and everything in its
place" 1* a golden rule on the farm.
Farmers get on badly who have
new tools and implements to buy ev
ery year. A cross-cut saw that rusts
out in one year, if left on the log
where last used, would last a life
time If carried to the shelter and
hung up in a dry place. The game
is true in principle of all else with
which the farmer carries on his work.
A rusty implement is not only
partially decayed, but rendered less
fit for use. The rusty saw runs
hard; the rusty square is hard to
read; rusty steelyards or rusty
scales will not weigh accurately; the
rusty auger will not cut without
great pressure; the rusty plow balls
up for a half day before It will turn
the furrow; the rusty spade or sho
vel Is four times as hard to use as
a clean one. And so on, through the
list.
Wooden handles of all sorts will
rot if exposed to the weather, in
shady places or in the grass or
dirt. And everything, in iron or
steel, is damaged by corrosion.
What then is more natural thail
the ruin of mowers, binders, wind
mills, harrows, plows, wagons, bug
gies, and all manner of machines
that are allowed to lie about the
stable lots, or in the fence corners
on the farm?
So the commonest economy would
suggest the provision of adequate
shelter. On any ordinarily well fur
nished farm, it would pay to build a
"home" for the tools.
Make it large enough for storing
them all, so distributed that any one
of them can be found without climb
ing over or removing the others. All
polished steel surfaces, put away
for the season, should have a coat
of oil or varnish; and wooden sur
faces are much improved by a coat
of paint. There is always some
moisture in warm air; and, as the
implements, indoors, are a little cool
er than the outer air, they will in
cune to conoense mis raoisiure; pro
ducing a coating of dew. Varnish
or oil will keep this dew off the edg
es of the implements, and so pro
tect them from rusting.
One caution, especially, I will pre
sume to offer. A mere shelttr is
not enough. The shelter should lie a
building with a floor; not a shed. It
is almost as important to keep out
the damp currents and the snow
driven in by them as It is to shelter
them from the rain. So "side up"
the bouse and shut out all water.
The shed is too convenient a place
for fowls. I have seen binders liter
ally plastered over by the droppings
of roosting chickens. This is not
only very unsightly but Jt is harm
ful, and not good for the birds them
selves. I once knew of a hen that
roosted in an old shop where a
scythe blade had been put away. She
closed her toes about the edge of
the blade in such a manner as to sev
er an artery in one of her toes.
She lingered on the roost until she
slowly bled to death. Chickens and
tools do not belong in the same
room.
So much for the general care of
unused implements, during the per
iod when they are not in use.
They should be cared for quite as
well when used every day. No spade,
shovel, hoe, plow or cultivator should
be set away over night with dirt
sticking to its surface. If it cannot
be scraped off with a paddle, wash
It off. Put it away clean. Keep
latches, axes, saws, chisels^ grass
ipoks, plows,?all edge-tools?sharp.
Time and strength should not be
wasted in using a dull tool. Nor
should we have to spend a half a day
n gathering up our tools when we
ire ready to use them.
Some men have several places to
>tow implements. This is really a
rood plan; for id is not an easy mat
er to provide convenient places for
ill tools in one room. The binder is
in unwieldly affair; and a small room
nay be devoted especially to It.
Ibout it can be stored many other
natters, like plows, that are not to
ie used till the next spring. So may
he spraying outfit constitute a cen
r?l object In the planning of an
ther building; and with It can be
tored the ladders and general
praying paraphernalia.
It is a good education for the ehil
ren to require them to put things
way in order after they aie used.?
Walter S. Smith, in Indiana Farmer.
Farm Hand Wage*.
Raleigh, Oct. 11.?A summary of
le chapter of the report of the de- |
artment of labor and printing de- ,
at<>d to farms and labor is just is
jed by Commissioner of Labor and
rintlng M. L. Shipman and contains '
lany features of special interest, the I
?port being made up from special j
(porta procured by the department i
om eTery locality In the state. The ?
>mmissloner says the reports show
wholesome advance in farming in f
1 sections of the state, with apt-* al )
"ogress In the practice of seed se- j
ction, preparation of soil, in drain- ;
;e of swamp lands, measures to '
event erosion, with assurances that
I progress along htese lines will con
tinue.
The commissioner commends the
work be finds that the North
Carolina Geological survey is do
ing along the line of drainage
undertakings and declares that
with constantly increasing values,
it bheovoes the farmers to
see to it that there are no gul
lies and washouts on their proper
ties.
The reports Indicate slight differ
ence in wages or in cost of produc
ing the various crops In different
sections of the state. It is ascer
tained that 67 counties produce cot
ton at a cost of $33.37 per bale;( that
| 81 counties produce wheat at a cost
ot 72 cents per bushel; 97 grow corn
at 52 cneta per bushel; 95 grow oats
al 31 cents per bushel; 53 grow to
tacco at an average cost of $7.40 pef
100 pounds.
i Increase in farm hand wages is
reported in 33 counties, a decrease in
one county and no change in the oth
ers. The highest average wages
paid men for farm work is $25.11 and
the lowest is $15.28, this being an
Increase of $1 per month and 49
cents per month respectively. The
highest average for women Is found
to be $15.53, and the lowest average
is $10.11, an increase of 62 cents per
month over the averages for last
[ year's reports. Children are re
ported to have average wages of $8.
76, an Increase 32 cents per month
over last year.
As to the financial condition; of the
| working people the reports from 17
| counties show them good; 53, fair;
, 21 poor, and one, bad, with no re
' port from another. Ninety-two coun
ties report improvement in this re
spect.
The reports from 93 counties show
I change toward greater diversity of
' crops, and 98 report improvement in
methods of cultivation. Every coun
ty reports increase in the cost of
living. Increase in the value of
lands is repotted from 93 counties
and the fertility of lands maintained
j in 93, with general tendency to
| ward smaller farms. Labor is re
! ported scarce in 95 counties and ne
gro labor unreliable in 95 counties
and reliable in two.
Reports show road improvement
strongly favored through taxation in
92 counties and not favored in six
counties.?Greensboro News.
Women have usually better eye
sight than men.
-
The Famous
Does Not Strain the Eyes
Don't use a small, conccntrated light
over one shoulder. It puts an unequal
strain on your eyes. Use a diffused, soft,
mellow light that cannot flicker, that equal
izes the work of the eyes, such as the Rayo
Lamp gives, and avoid eye strain.
> The Rayo it designed to give the
I best light, and it does.
It bas a strong, durable shade-hold?f
that is held firm and true. A oew burner
gives added strength. Made of solid
brass and finished in nickel. Easy'jo
keep polished. The Rayo Is low pricefl,
but no other lamp gives a better fight it
any price.
Once a Rayo User, Always One. 'i.
Otalm Bvtrywbm. If?ft ymm. vrtf for ??
clrnlar to tlu nteritt t/tDcy o/lkt t
, Standard Oil Company
(Incorporate)
TAXES NOW DUE
I will attend the following times and places, to collect the State',
County, School and Special taxes, for the year 1910. The Privilege ta*
on Lawyers, Doctors and Dentists is due, and must be paid by Nov. 1st,
1910:
Monday, Oct. 17, Bentonsville
Tuesday Oct. 18, Meadow
Friday, Oct. 21, Ingram's
Saturday, Oct. 22, Banner
Monday, Oct. 24, Pine Level
Tuesday, Oct. 25, Selma
Wednesday, Oct. 26, Wilders
Thursday, Oct. 27, O'Neal
Friday, Oct. 28, Beulah
Saturday, Oct 29, Boon Hill
Monday, Oct. 31, Elevation
Huesday, Nov. 1, Pleasant Grove
Wednesday Nov. 2, Cleveland
Thursday, Nov. 3, Clayton
Friday, Nov. 4, Wilson's Mills
Saturday, Nov. 5, Smithfield
Township, at Beasley.
Township, at Peacock's X Roads
Township, at Four Oaks.
Township, at Benson.
Township, at Pine Level.
Township, at Selma.
Township, at Archer Lodge.
Township, at Hare's Store.
Township, at Kenly.
Township, at Princeton.
Township, at Elevation.
Township, at Johnson X Roads
Township, at Shelter.
Township, at Clayton.
Township, at Wilson's Mills.
Township, at Smithfield.
Be sure to pay your taxes before January 1st, 1911. Unpaid taxes will
be sent out for collection and will be subject to cost. Books will btf
open at Smitbfield all the time.
R. M. NOWELL.
Sheriff Johnston County.
| When You Come to Town }
% We want you to make Our Three Big Stores Your Headquarters ^
I We Will Sell You Goods as Cheap ?
| as the Cheapest I
r Our lines are now]Complete with Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, Hats and Shoes, Oxford %
w and Durham Baggies, Harness, Robes and Whips. Thornhill, Gregory and Our King Wagons. f
\ Dan Valley and Dunlop Patent Flour, Corn, Oats, Hay, Mill Feed and SEED RYE.
I FURNITURE |
B We have some of it too, and the Prices are RIGHT. Ask to see it and then price it. We take @
J, a pleasure in showing yoa, if you don't intend baying any at all. We have a few special bar- J
% gains in Odd Dressers, Hall Racks and Chiffoniers at a very low price. |j
r All Matting, and a few Tapestry and Ingrain Art Squares at Cost. These will not be J
^ on Sale very long as they mast be sold. Our New Stock is arriving each day and all Summer p
J Goods must go before.
tjf We are, Yours to Pleate
| Cotter- Underwood Co.
SMITHFIELD, N. C.
rMpQLTfics",l
; DOES NOT AFFECT OUR BUSINESS $
* ? i
m Q
j* We are better prepared than ever to furnish the Builder's Trade ffl
with any kind of Builder's Material, Flooring. Ceiling, Sash and
ifl Doors made to order, Door and Window Frames, all kinds Builder's
1* hardware. Nails. I.ocks, Hinges, anything you need in building.
? We also carry a very extensive line of Cook Stoves. Ranges, Z,
I Heating Stoves. Paints. Oils. Varnishes, Etc. We are receiving ifi
^ this week the best'and most extensive line of BELTING and MILL iff
$ SUPPLIES EVER SHOWN IN JOHNSTON COUNTY.
t JNO. I. BARNES Sc BRO. ?
^. CLAYTON.!NORTH CAROLINA.