VOLUME 37.
TIIE SMITHFIELD HERALD, TUESDAY, NOV. 26, 1918
Number 95
UNITED STATES
FORCES ARE 236,117
Gen. March Gives Figures—Total of
Serious Casualties I>ot Expected to
Exceed 125,000—Doubling of Deaths
from Disease Explained as Due to
Slow Assembling of Data--Divisions
Named to He Returned from Eu
rope, Welcome for All—1,200,000 to
Remain in France.
(Washington Post.)
Demobilization of the American ex
peditionary forces, already in prog
ress with the movement homeward of
sick and wounded, will be hastened
by the return at an early date of eight
divisions of national guard and na
tional army troops, eight regiments of
coast artillery and two brigades of
field artillery. This announcement
was made yesterday by General
March, chief of staff, on receipt of dis
patches from General Pershing
Total American casualties to No
vember 11, when hostilities ceased,
were 236,117 This includes, General
March said, killed and died of wounds,
died of disease, unclassified deaths,
wounded, prisoners, and missing
Sick and Wounded First.
The divisions which General March
said have been designated by General
Pershing to return as soon as the sick
and wounded haae been moved to the
United States are:
National Guard: Thirty-first (Geor
yia, Alabama and Florida), Thirty
fourth (Nebraska, Iowa, Sduth Da
kota and Minnesota), Thirty-eighth,
(Indiana, Kentucky and West Vir
ginia) and Thirty-ninth (Arkansas,
Missisippi and Louisiana).
National Army: Seventy-sixth (New
England), Forty-fourth (Kentucky.
Indiana and southern Ililnois), Eighty
sixth (northern Illinois, including
Chicago) and Eighty-seventh (Arkan
sas, Louisiana, Mississippi and south
ern Alabama).
The coast artillery regiments to be
returned as soon as possib'e were an
nounced as the Forty-sixth, Forty
seventh, Forty-eighth, Forty-ninth,
Fiftieth, Seventy-third, Seventy
fourth and Seventy-fifth.
The two field artillery brigades to
be brought home are the Sixty-fifth
ad 163rd. Eighty-two aero squad
rons, seventeen construction compa
nies and several special units from
England will be brought home as soon
as transportation facilities are availa
ble, General March said.
Casualties sustained by the Ameri
cans were tabulated by General March
as follows:
Killed and died of wounds .... 36,154
Died of disease. 14,811
Deaths unclassified . 2,204
Wounded .179,625
Prisoners . 2,163
Missing . 1,160
Total.236,117
While the total losses suffered by
the American army in France at first
glance appeared to be almost double
the total estimated by officers here as
probable, analysis of the table it was
pointed out, shows that among the
179,000 wounded are included the
names of thousands of mer. whose in
juries were so trivial that they never
were admitted to hospitals and the
record of their injury was kept only
in company and regimental dressing
stations. The final total of killed,
died of wounds or disease, or on the
unclassified death list, the seriously
wounded and the prisoners and miss
ing, officers believe will work out not
in excess of 125,000.
THE NEW WHEAT CROP.
Promise of the Grain at the Outset of
the Growing Season.
Wichita, Kan., Nov. 20.—Not since
1913 has the wheat condition of Kan
sas been so favorable at this date as
today. The fields have been soaked
with rains, and the rank with the new
growth. Cattle and other stock are
being pastured on the wheat, saving
materially feedstuffs, a most essen
tial matter because of the high price
of feed.
This applies not only to the eastern
counties, but out in the larger wheat
belt of western Kansas and most of
Oklahoma. The acreage has not been
fully reported, but it is likely that it
will be nearly as great as last year,
when 9,000,000 acres were sown.
With the price fixed netting the
farmer $2 a bushel, Kansas is in a fair
way to receive the largest return from
its wheat crop ever knows. Should
the next four months continue favora
ble there may be raised a record
breaking crop; certainly it is now in a
most promising condition, and farmers
are forgetting their disappiontment
at price-fixing, in view of their possi
ble profits when other crops show a
lower price-level because of the com
ing of peace.—New York Evening
Post.
RUSSIAN SITUATION
BIGGEST PROBLEM
Bolshcviki Claim Bis Share of Credit’
for German Revolution—Kaiser Too
Late in Trying to Close Boor to
Soviet Propaganda—Revolutionary
Handbills in Courier’s Luggage.
What about Russia ? The Russian
Bolsheviki claim a big share of the
credit for the German revolution. Ger
many’s collapse leaves the reorganiza
tion of Russia the world’s biggest
question mark.
One of the last official acts of the
old German government was to break
off relations with the Russian Soviet
government. But the Kaiser did this
too late, just as he gave into Foch and
abdicated too late.
The attitude all along of the Rus
sian Bolsheviki, as told to me person
ally by high Soviet officials, has been
this: “Between Allied military pres
sure on the west front and Russian
Soviet Socialist propaganda on the
east front Germany eventually must
crack."
Too Late to Ward Off Gathering
Storm.
Last week, when the German Gov
ernment ordered the Russian Soviet
Ambassador and his crops to leave
Germany because they had been help
ing spread Bolsheviki propaganda, the
storm which has wiped out that old
order in Germany had already gath
ered and was ready to break.
The day before he was put of power
Peter V. Utkin, Soviet official in
charge of the liquidation of the
zemstovos and the nationalization of
industries for all Siberia, told me
frankly in detail the Soviet’s plans.
Tells of Soviets’ Plan.
Utkin, a self-educated Australian
workingman, had only one superior in
the Siberian Bolshevik government,
and was in constant touch with Len
ine. He said:
“The Germans forced upon us the
peace of Brest-Litovsk. That peace
will help undo them. They must now
maintain peaceful relations with us.
Every Russian courier who crosses
into Germany will carry Socialist
propaganda literature. Every Rus
sian who goes across the border no
longer guarded by an impregnable
line of rifles, will spread the doctrine
of discontent among the German peo
ple. Every letter from a German sol
dier in Russia will tell his home folks
about the Russian revolution.
“The Soviets have been in power
the better part of a year. They never
expected to last that long unless the
German masses also revolted. Give
us a year all told, and you will see
revolution in Germany.”
Utkin’s words have come true. The
first anniversary of the Bolshevik
seizure of power in Russia finds the
Kaiser a fugitive, Bolsheviki in con
trol of the German fleet and a So
cia'ist government established in Ger
many.
The Russian revolution has furnish
ed the German revolutionists with
their catch-words and their govern
ment machinery.
Committees of soldiers and work
men are constituting the governing
bodies of German cifies and provinces,
as they did in Russia.
Pamphlets which I read in Siberia
issued by Lenine and Trotzy, were
urging this.
loo Many Couriers.
When the Germans, November 6,
ordered M. Joffre, the Russian Ambas
sador, to return to Russia, they point
ed out that in a few months he had
brought over 500 couriers from Rus
sia. Too late the Kaiser’s officials
discovered revolutionary handbills in
the luggage of these couriers.
The problem of the new German
Socialist government’s attitude to
ward the Russian Soviet government,
against which Allied armies have
been operating, is the biggest prob’em
of the next few months. It opens the
whole question, now that the war has
ended, the basis upon which Russia
and the new Germany will be brought
into the fami’y of nations at the peace
conference.—Special Correspondence
Baltimore Evening Sun.
NEW ZEALAND SENT 100,000.
Of These 14.000 Gave Their Lives in
Fighting for Cause of Allies.
New Zealand’s first contribution to
the war in 1914 wr.s a force of 8.061
men, which sailed in 12 ships of the
New Zealand mercantile fleet, escort
ed by Br’tish, Australian and Janan
ese warships. The offer of the force
was made to the command of the em
pire on August 7, 1914, and accepted
on August 14. and the troops were
ready to embark on August 28.
Since that date New Zealand has
sent a total of nearly 100.000 men to
the front and 14.000 have given their
Mves ?n France. GaPiooli and Egypt.
—Wellington, New Zealand, dispatch. I
SECOND SESSION
OF WAR CONGRESS
Adjournment Devoid of Usual Spec
tacular Features—Day’s Business
Small—Spiritual Debate in Senate
Featured by Attacks on Wilson by
Republicans.
Washington, Nov. 21.—The second
session of the Sixty-fifth, or “war”
Congress, which began last Decem
ber 3, ended at 5 p. m .today under
a resolution which had been adopted
by both Houses earlier in the day.
Since the third and final session of
this Congress will begin December 2,
the adjournment today was devoid of
many of the spectacular features usu
ally acompanying the ending of ses
sions. President Wilson did not go
to the capital because no legislation
requiring his attention was passed by
either body and only small groups of
members and spectators waited for
the falling of the gavels of Vice-Pres
ident Marshall and Speaker Clark.
Very little business was transacted
in either house during the day, most
of the Senate’s time being taken up
in spirited debate. The usual commit
tees from the Senate and House wait
ed on the President and were advised
that he had no eleventh-hour commu
nications to make.
Wilson Attacked.
The debate in the Senate was fea
tured by an attack on President Wil
son by Senators Watson, of Indiana;
Sherman, of Illinois, and Kellog, of
Minnesota, Republicans, who raised
objections to his action in taking over
cable and express lines, and an ad
dress by Senator Reed, of Missouri,
Democrat, vigorously opposing the
plan for a league of nations. No reply
to the Republican criticism was made
from the Democratic side, although
Senator Lewis, of Illinois, Democratic
whip, sought, but failed, to secure
recognition. The proposal for a
league of nations, however, was de
fended by Senator Phelan, of Califor
nia, Democrat.
During the day Congress formally
completed and sent to President- Wil
son the bill for war-time prohibition,
effective July 1. The President
promptly signed the measure.
Other matters on which action was
taken before the closing gavels drop
ped, were confirmation of former So
licitor General John W. Davies as am
bassador to Great Britain and indefi
nite postponement by the Senate
privileges and elections committee of
action on the resolution proposing a
contest of the elections of Truman
H. Newberry, Republican, as Senator
from Michigan.
Little Unfinished Business.
Except the war revenue bill, little
business was left unfinished by Con
gress which turned, now, for the new
session, from the problems of war to
those of peace
Because of press of appropriation
and reconstruction legislation to come
before the final session, Representa
tive Kitchin, the Democratic leader,
warned the House today that the
usual Christmas holidays will be cur
tailed to “a few days.”
For length, bulk of appropriations
for the war and the number and im
portance of legislative measures pass
ed the session which closed today was
regarded by leaders as unprecedented.
At this session war was declared on
Austri-Hungary and the members
also saw the victorious end of all hos
tilities.
Appropriations passed aggregate
$30,298,000,000, making the total for
this Congress more than $55,000,000,
000, of which $19,412,000,000 was ap
propriated at the first—an extra ses
sion at which war was declared on
Germany.
Legislation Passed.
Legislation passed included bills au
thorizing billions of Liberty bonds;
creation of the war finance corpora
tion; government control of tele
graphs, telephone and cable; execu
tive reorganization of government
agencies and extensions of the espion
age net and the army draft law by
which men between 18 and 45 years
of age were required to register.
President Wilson addressed Con
gress several times during the session.
”he first speech was was on January
8 when he out'ined his 14 peace prin
ciples. On May 27 he asked for im
mediate work on the war revenue bill,
and on November 11 read the terms
of the armistice.
Prohibition and woman suffrage
both furnished sharp controverrsies
throughout the session. The war time
“dry” measure was completed, but
after the woman suffrage constitu
tional amendment resolution had been
adopted January 10 by the House it
was defeated in the Senate by two
votes. It is expected to come up
again next month.
The Baptist Assoriation will con
vene for a two-days’ session today at
Bethesda, six miles from Smithfield.
AMERICA’S (.BEAT
MILITARY EFFORT
1,950,767 Officers ami Men There.
1,000 Miles Railways Ruilt—967
Engines, 13,174 Cars and 53,000
Motor Vehicles Taken Overseas.
Two New Ports Constructed—Bil
lions of Rations Held in Reserve.
American Headquarters in France,
Nov. 19.—The extent of America’s
military effort in France at the time
the armistice was declared is shown
by statistics which the Associated
Press is now permitted to make pub
lic. While the stupendous figures re
quired to tell the story are in them
selves amazing, it should be remem
bered that they show only a part of
the great effort made in war prepara
tions in men, money and material.
On the morning of November 11 the
United States had in France 78,391
officers and 1,881,376 men, a total of
ahnost 2,000,000. As has already been
announced, there were 750,000 combat
troops in the Argonne action. This
number does .not include the American
units engaged on other parts of the
front.
Man power alone, however, was but
one factor in the preparations for
American participation in the war.
Behind it lay vast machinery which
was required in operations. Railways
and motor roads were constructed and
across the sea were brought locomo
tives, cars, rails and motor transports
of every kind.
Behind this again was the requisite
food, clothing and general supplies for
the men, as well as dockage and ware
house construction. Every effort of
civil life, plus the requirements of
war, was exerted.
Used 1,300 Engines and 1,400 Cars.
The American army has brought
over to France and has in operation
967 standard gauge locomotives and
13,174 standard gauge freight cars of
American manufacture. In addition it
has in service 350 locomotives and
973 cars of foreign origin. To meet
demands which the existing French
railways were unable to meet 843
constructed. Five hundred miles of
this have been built since June 12.
On top of this the Department of
Light Railways reports the construc
tion of 115 miles of road and 140
miles of German light railway were
repaired and put in operation. Two
hundred and twenty-five miles of
French railway were operated by the
Americans.
These hgures represent a fairly
good-sized American railway com
pany, but railways represent only a
fraction of the transport effort. Mod
ern warfare is motor warfare and it
is virtually impossible to present in
figures this phase of the work of the
American army. In building new
roads as the exigencies of battle op
erations required, in keeping French
roads repaired under the ceaseless
tide of war transport and in con
structing bridges in devastated battle
regions, American engineers worked
day and night. The whole region be
hind the American lines is full of typi
cal American machinery, much of it a
character never before seen in Europe.
To this work the American Exoedi
tionary Forces had in operation on
November 11 more than 53 000 motor
vehicles of all descriptions.
Even at the present stage of the
armistice, which may precede peace, it
is not permissible to hint at the vast
stores of munitions and armament
brought over and held in readiness.
The Associated Press, however, is al
lowed to give approximate figures
showing what has been accomplished
in the accumulation of food supplies.
It will be seen that the American Ex
peditionary Forces were in no dan
ger of being placed on short rations,
had the war continued, although the
Americans had promised the Allies
vast quantiaies of food in addition to
their own needs.
In army terms one ration represents
the quantity of each article each man
is entitled to daily. It is interesting
to note the supply of some of the
principal ration componets on hand
today. For instance, the Americans
have 890.000.000 rations of beans
alone, 183,000,000 rations of flour and
flour substitutes, 201,000,000 rations
of milk, 161,000,000 rations of butter
or substitutes, 143,000,000 rations of
sugar, 89,000,000 rations of meat, 57,
000,000 rations of coffee and 113,000,
000 rations of rice, hominy and other
foodstuffs. There are requisites such
as flavorings, fruits, candy and po
tatoes in proportion, whi’e for smokes
there are 761,000,000 rations of cigar
ettes and tobacco in other forms.
Army authorities point out that
these vast necessary supplies for the
army represent food economies on the
part of the people at home. Without
such economies, the work would have
been virtually impossible, nor would
the Americans have been ab’e to
promise certain of the Allies great as
GOVERNORS URGE
HOLDING COTTON
Bicketf and Seven Others Issue Joint
Proclamation — Advise Farmers,
Merchants, Bankers to Organize to
Hold Staple for 35 Cents.
Atlanta, Ga., Nov. 23.—A joint
proclamation signed by the governors
of eight cotton States urging farmers,
merchants, bankers and business men
to organize and hold cotton for not
less than 35 cents a pound, middling
basis, was issued here tonight through
J. J. Brown, president of the cotton
states official advisory marketing
board. The proclamation, an en
dorsement of the recommendations
made by the board here November 7,
termed such a price “equal to the cost
of production plus a fair profit.”
“The recent heavy break in cotton
prices,” the proclamation said, “is
wholly unjustified by existing condi
tions and the great disturbance inci
dent to the break in the market has
temporarily paralyzed the agricultur
al and business interests of the South
and entailed heavy loss to the cotton
producer by reason of the price being
below the cost of production.”
Selling of cotton for 35 cents was
advocated only “to meet pressing ob
ligations” and borowing on cotton
rather than selling it was endorsed.
Federal Reserve Banks were called
upon to “be just as liberal as consist
ent with good business in rediscount
ing notes secured by cotton.”
The necessity for the South pro
ducing more focal for men and animals
was stressed in another part of the
proclamation, whticli urged smaller
cotton acreages next year and more
planting of fee and foodstuffs.
The proclamation, signed by the gov
ernors of Texas, Georgia, South Caro
lina, Arkansas, North Carolina, Miss
issippi, Alabama and Florida, urged
that the county and school districts in
each State be organized.
The advisory board added a state
ment saying the bears in the market
“are trying to frighten” the Southern
cotton holders, declaring that “federal
fixing of cotton prices is dead.”—As
sociated Press.
Another Biff Farm Sale.
One of the biffffest farms in this sec
tion, the McCul’ers Farm, will be cut
up and sold in small farms next Tues
day, December 3.
sistance in meetinff their requirements
during the winter. The Associated
Press is informed that the American
Army had enffaffed to give the French
2.000. 000 pounds of meat, 5,500,000
pounds of beans and rice flour and
milk in proportion. To the British
8.000. 000 pounds of meat were prom
ised, while the Belgians were assured
that they would receive 4,500,000
pounds of rations of all kinds.
18 Steamer Berths Built.
It is difficult to describe in exact
figures what the American Expedi
tionary Forces have done in the con
struction and improvement of dock
age and warehouses since the first
troops landed. This work has been
proportionate to the whole effort in
other directions. Ten steamer berths
have been built at Bordeaux, having
a total length of 4,100 feet. At Mon
toir, near St. Nazaire, eight berths
are under construction, with a total
length of over 3,200 feet. These, how
ever, do not indicate the magnitude
of the effort of the Engineer Corps. In
this phase of improvement to French
ports great labor has been expended
in dredging operations, repairing
French docks and increasing railway
terminal facilities. Warehouses hav
ing an aggregate floor area of almost
23.000. 000 square feet have been con
structed. This development of Fiench
ports increased facilities to such an
extent that even if the Germans had
catured Calais and other channel
ports, as they are planned, the Allies’
loss would have been strategically un
important.
So largely were facilities increased
that the English armies could have
had their bases at the lower French
ports, if necessary. In other words,
American work in port construction
lessened to a material degree the val
ue to the Germans of their proposed
capture of the channel ports. These
figures serve in a measure to show the
magnitude of American accomplish
ment, and the great machine is in op
eration today as the American Third
Armv moves forward into German
territory.
During the second stage of the Ar
gonne operation a captured German
major, while in casual conversation
with an American officer, said:
“We know defeat is inevitable. We
know your First and Second Arnues
are operating and that your Third
Army is neatly ready to function. We
know there are more and more armies
to follow. We can measure your ef
fort. The end must come soon.”
PRISONERS OF WAR
CONDITION BAD
Plight of Liberated Men Entering?
France—Ragged and Famished,
Thousands Are Coming With Tales
of German Cruelties.
Ixmdon, Nov. 22.—Pitiable condi
tions among British prisoners of war,
who have been liberated by the Ger
mans since the signing of the armis
tice, are described by Reuter’s corre
spondent at French Headquarters.
Thousands of these men, mostly Brit
ish, are entering France daily. The
correspondent writes:
“I have never seen human beings in
such a state of raggedness, hunger,
anti misery. When the camps at For
bach, thirty-eight miles east of Metz,
as well as those elsewhere, were brok
en up, the prisoners, most of whom
were captured during the March of
fensive, were told to clear out and
seek help from their Allies. They
started to walk the fifty or sixty
miles to the allied lines, but were giv
en no food and had no money. They
were in shameful rags, the soles drop
"g from their boots. Some wore
clogs and no socks.
“They left the prison camps in
droves of hundreds in charge of Ger
man officers and soldiers who had de
serted. The weather was very cold,
and many died by the roadside within
a few miles from friends. When the
survivors entered the French lines,
French soldiers, who were hardened
war heroes, were horrified to see men
in such a plight. It is not doubted
that this suffering was intentionally
imposed upon the British. Prisoners
of other nationalities are agreed that
the British were treated worse than
the others at all Germans camps.”
TROOPS TO BE SENT
BACK FROM EUROPE.
Units designated by General Pershing
—All Coming Not Needed for
Occupation.
Washington, Nov. 23.—General
March announced today that authority
had been given to General Pershing to
send back home all such troops as will
not be needed in making up the army
of occupation. He said that General
Pershing had indicated that the fol
lowing units would not be so required:
Divisions 31, 34, 38, 39, 74, 76, 78.
Coatst artillery regiments 46, 47,
49, 50, 75 and 76.
Field Artillery brigades 65 and 103.
In addition General Pershing indica
ted that the following general classes
of troops will be returned:
Railroad artillery troops, army ar
tillery troops, gas troops, tank corps,
air forces, and those divisions which
were broken to be used as replace
ments for other dicisions which had
seen active service.
Troops returning immediately from
England, General March said, will in
clude practically all of the air squad
rons, sixteen construction squadrons,
one sailmakers’ contingent, one Hand
ley-Page training station, and several
photographic and radio sections. Or
ders for the return of these already
have been issued.
Movement of troops from France
will be expedited in every way, the
Chief of Staff said, and he added that
they will not “sneak into the country,
either.”
Taking up the present advance of
the Allied forces, General March
pointed out that the American army
is heading for Coblenz, the centre
bridgehead on the Rhine, where it
should arrive about December 1. The
British forces will occupy the bridge
head to the north of Cologne, and
the French the bridgehead to the east
of Mainz.
The American forces in France,
General March said, had taken 44,000
German prisoners in round numbers
and 1,400 guns.
He added that the casualties among
the American forces in Northern Rus
sia were not severe, contrary to re
ports, and that encouraging accounts
of the situation of the forces there
had been received.
The strength of the American army
to be maintained in France was not in
dicated beyond the demobilization
plans announced. American troops in
Italy, including the Three Hundred
and Thirty-Second Infantry, will be
stationed for the time being at Cat
taro, Flume, and Trieste, one battal
ion of the infantry being located at
each place.
American Soldiers Sail for Home.
Liverpool, Friday, Nov. 22.—Sever
al thousand American soldiers sailed
for home today on the liners Lapland
and Minnehaha. It was a stirring
scene as the men marched from the
railway station and local camps to the
land:ng stage amid rousing cheers
from the throngs of people along the
streets.