' I
. bj h cruTtru
Whole No. 300.
Tarborough, Edgecombe County, Jm. C. Wednesday, June 2, 1830.
To, Vl.Xo. 40.
THE "FREE PRESS,"
By Geo. Howard,
Js published weekly, (every Friday,) at
TWO DOLLARS per year, (or 52 num
bers,) if paid in advance Two Dollars tJf
fifty Cents, if paid within the subscription
vCir or, Three Dollars at the expiration
of the year for any period less than a year,
Tiventij-five Cents per month. Subscribers
at liberty to discontinue at any time on pay
ing arrears. Subscribers residing at a dis
tance must invariably pay in advance, or
jrjve a responsible reference in this vicinity,
jfo subscription discontinued unless a noti
fication to that effect is given.
Advertisements, not exceeding 16 lines,
will be inserted at 50 cents the first inser
tion and -5 cents each continuance. Long
er ones at that rate for every 16 lines. Ad
vertisements must be marked the number
of insertions required, or they will be con
tinued until otherwise ordered.
Letters addressed to the Editor must be
post paid, or they will not be attended to.
For Sale.
dt the Store of K. &S. I). Gotten,
IN TARBOROUGH,
Turks Island and 7 O IT ril
Liverpool sack 5 -V Li -fi-
Molasses, sugar, coffee, tea, and chocolate,
Iron and steel of cverydescription & quality,
Blacksmiths bellows, and every other arti
cle to make a complete sett of lilack
smiths tools,
Old brandy, by the barrel or retail,
Jamaica rum, 5 years old,
Otard's cogniac branchy, 10 years ck!,
Pure Holland gin, old rye whiskey,
Madeira wine.N.E. turn c common brandy,
Toscthcrwith an extensive assortment of
Staple and Fancy Goods,
Of almost every variety, at as low pri
ces for cash, as can be bought at any
itorc in the place.
A constant supply of Swa im's Puna-i-v,
Dr. Chambers'' remedy fur In
temperance, Jsidkins's cclebratcdOint
tnent, &c. &c.
(JThe highest price paid in Cash,
tor good clean baled Cotton.
JUST RECEIVED and now opening,
"a splendid assortment of fane' &. st3plc
Seasonable Goods,
At unprecedented low prices :100barH
rels superior Cut HERRINGS, &c. &c.
R. $ S. D. COTTEN.
May 12, IS30.
Domestic
Salt at GO Cents,
If OR SALE, by the Subscribers, ten
thousand bushels
TURKS ISLAND SALT,
Of the best quality, which they offer at
'he above price for Cash, or in exchange
for seed Cotton, at the highest market
P"cc D. RICHARDS $ CO.
Tarboro', Dec. 8, 1829.
King Gatlin,
UKNSIBi.V grateful for the very lib
eral encouragement heretofore mani
fested by the citizens of this and the ad
jacent counties, have the pleasure to an
nounce the arrival (direct from NEW
YORK) of an elegant and extensive as
sortment of every article pertaining to
GENTLEMEN'S
fashionable Clotlmtg,
Selected by a first-rate judge, and at
' ie most reduced prices among which
splendid assortment may be found:
Jjlack, blue, olive, steel and mixed Cloths,
Plain black silk Velvet,
J5"red and striped do.
nam black Florentine,
Hlencia vesting, of various colors,
Ar tC fluiltinS of a suPerir quality,
ALSO, Patent Suspenders, and a general
and well selected assortment of
Fashionable Trimmings,
All of which will be sold at reduced
prices for cash, or to punctual customers.
Tarboro', 25th Sept. 1829.
Dr. T. H. HALL'S SPEECH.
We extract from the National Intelli
gencer of the 11th ult. the following
"Remarks of Mr. Hall, of N. Carolina,
on the Bill authorizing a subscription to
the Stock of the Maysville and Lexing
ton Turnpike Road"
Mr. HALL said: I hope, Mr. Speak
er, I shall be excused for delaying the
passage of this bill for a few moments
only. I have no idea, Sir, that I shall
be able to prevent its passage altogether.
As I took no part in .the debate yester
day, I wish to make a remark or two,
not that I have any peculiar hostility to
this particular object, lor I can assure
my friends from Kentucky, that I would
as soon vote for an appropriation for this
object, as any other ot the kind, even in
my own district. 13ut I rise to make
some developments which I think cal
culated to throw much light on the svs
tern of internal improvement, generally,
ot which this road is a part, &. which in
volves the principle of the whole obiect.
The developments which I am about
to make, consist of emanations from the
most respectable sources from the Le
gislatures of two of the most wealthy
and powerlul Males in the Union, New
York and Pennsylvania.
It is unnecessary for me to say. that,
in presenting what I do from these sour
ces, it is not from any want of respect.
My object is to show what New-York
and Pennsylvania have done, and the
results at which they have arrived in the
prosecution of works of internal im
provement, as a beacon and a warning
to other Stales less powerful in the
means, necessary to the successful pro
secution of these works. I hesitate not
to say, that no other States in the Union
can push their plans of internal improve
ments to the extent which these States
have, without the most ruinous conse
quences. The great State of New-York, with
means and appliances, physical and ad
ventitious, which no other Stale in the
Union has, or perhaps' ever can have,
will find some difficulty in extricating
herself from the situation in which her
splendid works have placed her. But
with her resources, if she continues to
exercise the wisdom in the management
of her system, which she has heretofore
done, by applying her general revenue
means, as a sinking fund to her debt, and
suspend the further extension of her
system, she will, in some few years,
wipe oif this debt, which, if I am right
ly informed, has been considerably re
duct d by this policy. The report of
the Canal Board, in answer to a resolu
tion of the Senate of New-York, of the
25th of February, IS30, presents, among
other remarks, the following:
"The advantages to the people of
this State, to be derived from the con
struction of the navigable communica
tions between the great Western and
Northern lakes and the Atlantic ocean,
were doubtless based upon the anticipa
ted revenue which these works would
produce. It was, therefore, apparent,
at the commencement of these works,
that the local advantages in the en
hancement of the value of the property j
contiguous to them, would be participa
ted by the landed proprietors, and oth
ers inhabiting the canal sections of the!
Slate; and that the great State communis
ty must look, as an indemnity for its
expenditures, to the revenue to be deri
ved from these works." Again" A
law was passed at the commencement of
these canals, imposing a direct local tax
upon twenty-five miles on each side of
these works. This law was based upon
the evident principles, that the property
in th.3 vicinity of the canals, was enhan.
ced in value to the amount of the differ
ence between land and water transporta
tion. Owing, however, to the loss and
inconvenience which would result from
the assessment, collection and payment
of the tax, it was never imposed; and
those who have been almost exclusively
benefitted by these works, having been
thus exempted from all direct taxation,
it would seem to be an obvious prin
ciple of justice, that the whole State
should never be subject to taxation on
account of the canals. It. cannot be
imagined, that the people of this State
ever contemplated, that wortks which
are principally beneficial in a local and
individual point of view, should impose
a tax upon the whole community; and it
would doubtless be doing great injustice
to that portion of our citizens who inha
bit the canal sections, to imagine that
they ever supposed that those in other
parts of the State would be subjected to
taxation to make or maintain the canals,
or to extinguish the debt." The report
goes on to say- "The State, in its poli
tical capacity, may be regarded as a cor
poration, and the same broad principle
of justice in reference to its wealth, will
have perfect applicability. In a corpo
ration consisting of many individuals,
an application of the funds of the whole
for the benefit of a part, would be a
transgression of the principles of equity,
unless the funds were invested in such a
manner as to return to the body corpo
rate the principal and interest." Again
"But the making of the canals has ad
ded to the weallh of the State, by en
hancing the value of the property in the
canal sections. This is true. But as
this addition of wealth has not diffused
itself, and cannot diffuse itself equally
among all the citizens; as two-thirds or
three-fourths of the whole population
derive little, if any, pecuniary advan
tage from the canals, it would be unjust
and oppressive, that works which are
thus partial in their benefits, should be
general in their exactions."
Mr. Speaker, it will be seen by what
has here been presented, that the object
of the report was, to present to the peo
ple of New-York, in the shape of an ac
count of debt and credit between them
and the canals, or canal interests, a view
of what they cost and yielded. And it
is further stated "The interests of the
State in reference to the amount of tolls
which ought to be collected on the ca
nals, will be clearly indicated by exhib
iting an account of debt and credit be
tween the Erie and Champlain canals
and the State, from their commence
ment up to the beginning of the present
T ( 11 ... n
year." Here louows, alter some lur-
thcr remarks, a set of calculations, shew
ing, according to the views taken in the
report, that the "whole amount of debt
chargeable to the canals, on the first day
of January, 1830, was 12,237,399 70."
The report says further "But, regard
ed in the most favorable light in which
any reasonable calculation can place
them, the canals have not yet done no
thing towards the extinguishment of
their debts; and, indeed, that they have
not paid the annual interest of that debt,
together with the moneys expended up
on them for superintendence and repairs.
That portion of debt which has been ext
inguished, owes its extinguishment en
tirely to the auxiliary funds, the duties
on salt, on sales at auction, and sales of
land, &c."
In the Pennsylvania Senate, on a bill
making further appropriations for roads
and canals, a member (Mr. Seltzer,) said
"that the gentleman from the city had
given us an eloquent speech. But had
sung the old song a song he had sung
many times before. There were some
notes, however, that were discordant;
there were some assertions which were
not founded in fact. He had told us
that there were sufficient funds to pay
the interest on our public debt until Fe
bruary 1831. Now, Sir, I deny a. h
Sir, am bold to deny it; it cannot' be
sheu to belrue. We shall fall short
of paying the interest this year, more
than three hundred thousand dollars!
Now, Sir, this old song is nearly worn
out. It has . been sung from year to
year "give us more money to extend a
little further, and the canal would be
profitable." The State has already ex
pended more than twelve millions of
dollars, and not one mile of the canal
has been completed, and the gentleman
from the city wants to borrow money
to pay the interest. Such a course, ev
ery one knows, would bring an indivi
dual to ruin; and who could doubt but
that it would bring ruin on the Com
monwealth?" Mr. Speaker, I have said, that in pre
senting these emanations from these two
great States, it was certainly from no
feeling of disrespect, but rather from
any other feeling. I have done it, Sir,
to notify the State which I have in part
the honor to represent, as well as others,
to take warning by the example and ex
perience of those who have gone before
them, into undertakings which, what
ever these States may do, it would bo
difficult for others to accomplish. I
have quoted these documents, and par
ticularly the report, to shew what utter
delusion prevails upon the subject of in
ternal improvement, not only in the
Stales, but as it is carried on, or pre
tended to be, by the General Govern
ment; and more particularly to shew. the
fallacy of the idea of the nationality or
generality of works and objects whose
principal attribute is that of locality of
place. Sir, we have heard in this de
bale a great deal about national objects,
but what does the documentary evidence
teach us? That the very work, which
by way of excellence, if. there is one in
this Union (the Erie and Champlain Ca
nal) is entitled pre-eminently to be call
ed a rational work, is yet shewn by the
report of the canal board to be one of
local character and interest. Sir, there
is not a greater source of error and mis
chief than the improper or equivocal
ue of language. It has been said by
one of the most able and talented men
ever produced by that countrv. so nroli-
fic in great men,."that mankind in gen
eral are not sufficiently aware, that
words without meaning, or of equivocal
meaning, are the everlasting engines of
fraud and injustice " Thp wnrdc
J - A.M.
tional. American Svste?n. Internal'
Improvement, General Welfare. &c.
are striking instances. As they are fre
quently used, they are words ol equivo
cal meaning, and have been used as en
gines productive of immeasurable, I fear
ol irremediable injury to the people of
this country! These words confined to
their proper use have a distinct and ap
propriate meaning of their own. For
worus are the names of things, Sir.
Words are things, vou know. Mr. Snea
ker; and, misused or abused, they may
oe maue very wicked and mischievous
things. But the word national! The
national good! Thf
Sir, what is national? Why, Mr. Spea
ker, it would no be difficult, bv a little
logical legerdemain,- to prove that any
ining, nowever local or circumscribed
in its character, is national. The gene
ral welfare is made up of the particular
welfare the whole is made up of its
parts, and e converso, what is good for
the parts is good for the whole. The
nation is made up of individuals what
is good for the nation, is good for the
individuals what is good for the indi-.
viduals must he good for the nation;
therefore every individual advantage
must be a national advantage. But it is
of advantage to my old neighbor that
his potato patch or corn field should be
cultivated, or that he should have a
ditch cut, or a cowpen made; his indi
vidual advantage is part of the national