Whole Xo. 432.
Tarborough, (Edgecombe County, JV. C.) Tuesday, October 2, 1832.
Vol IX JYo 6.
The "North Carolina Free Press,"
liY GEORGE HOWAUD,
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From the Baltimore American.
History of the Cholera. It is not uni
formly admitted to be true, that the Cho
lerathe name by which the pestilence is
properly known, although said to have
none of the peculiar symptoms of Chole
ra proper is a new disease within the
present-century. The physicians of In
dia who have treated of it, found records
of its existence at very remote periods.
It was at Bengal in 17G2, and carried off
00,000 persons, and returned aain in
1781. It was in Madras in 1774at the
Mauritius in 1775, and at Arcot in 1787.
It is also said to have appeared in the
epidemic form in England, in 1GG9,
and 1G7G.
However the identity of this disease
may be settled, the present Cholera made
its appearance on the 28lh of August,
1817, at Jessorc, n town situated north
east of Calcutta about 100 miles. In
September it reached Calcutta. During
the year 1818, it spread in different
rections from Calcutta; northward to Del
hi; westward to Bombay, which it reach
ed in September, 1818; southward to Ma
dras, which it reached in October, 1819;
and eastward along the coast of the Bay
of Bengal, to the kingdom of Arracan,
where it arrived in the commencement of
1819. The whole of the Peninsula, con
taining six hundred thousand square
iniles, was thus traversed by the Cholera
in about a year. Its progress eastward
continued to be rapid. From Arracan it
extended to Siam, and after destroying
40,000 persons in Baka or Bankok the
capital of that kingdom, it passed thro'
the peninsula of Malacca, successively
visited the islands of Sumatra, Java, and
Borneo, and in 1820 reached Canton,
and ravaged the Phillippine and Spice
islands. In less than two years it had
urns traversed and ravaged
a space in
Asia, not less than 1,300 leagues in
length, and 1,000 in breadth, or nearly led districts, there are found narrow
delayed upon the extreme boundaries of
uiai continent, and with every facility for
us introduction across an imaginary
boundary into Europe, especially thro'
the Mediterranean ports. Yet it was not
until 1830, seven years after its appear
ance at Astracan, that it passed over
from that point into European territories.
In July, in that year, it attacked Astracan
severely, and passing along the Don, the
Dnieper, and the Volga, into Europe,
spread with amazing rapidity, traversing
a space of sixteen hundred miles in a lit
tle more than two months. Its gradual
advance through Europe, since its intro
duction into Poland by the Russian army,
in 1831, is well-known. It has finally
reached some of the busiest and most
populous points on the western coast of
Europe.
The history of the Cholera thus far has
shown that where it has once attacked a
place it establishes itself permanently,
and becomes an epidemic, re-appearing
at intervals with violence. Up to May,
1831, a period of fourteen years, G5G ir
ruptions of Cholera had been ascertained.
In India alone the number of irruptions
has been 433. Calcutta has been attack
ed every year; Bombay twelve times; Ma
dras nine times, &c. M. de Jonnes esti
mates the mortality, in India, at 2,500,000
annually, or 35,000,000 for the fourteen
years! The lowest calculation gives
eighteen millions for Indostan, and about
thirty-six millions for the rest of Asia
and Europe being more than fifty mil
lions of deaths in fuurtcen years, from
one fatal disease.
Wherever the Cholera has appeared, it
has seldom destroyed less than one-third
of the deceased. In India the propor
tion has generally been one half. Not
uhfrequently three-fifths, two-thirds, and
six-sevenths of the infected, perished.
We have heretofore remarked upon the
caprice with which its ravages have ap
parently been directed, the mortality un
der precisely similar circumstances, va
rying in a manner yet unexplained, and
apparently unaccountable.
Its caprice of movement is not less re
markable. The reports of the India
Medical Boards state that the disease
would sometimes take a complete circle
round a village, and leave it untouched,
pass on as if it were wholly to depart
from the district. Then after a lapse of
weeks, perhaps months, it would sudden
ly re-appear, and scarcely touching the
parts formerly attacked, ravage the spot
which had so recently escaped. It is al
so stated, that in the very centre of infec
one hundred
square miles.
Its western progress towards Europe
continued with various rapidity. From
Bombay it proceeded, in 1821, in one di
rection along the coast of the Gulf of Or
mus, and the Persian Gulf, attacking the
islands also; crossing the Arabian sea, it
appeared on the opposite shore, and fol
lowed the coast there up to the same
gulfs, on the Arabian side. Passing up
on both sides in Arabia and Persia, it at
tacked Bassora with great violence, car
rying off 15,000 or 18,000, or more than
one-fourth of the population, in fourteen
days. Soon after it separated into two
branches, one of which ascended to As
trachan, a large and populous town situa
ted at the mouth of the Volga, on the nor
thern shore of the Caspian Sea, which it
reached in September, 1822 and by the
other, passed through and ravaged Ara
bia, -Mesopotamia, and Syria, to the
shores of the Mediterranean, in Novem
ber, 1322. In seven months the disensn
had extended itself over a vast extent of
territory, with undiminished violence and
rapidity, and as early as 1823. it
tablished at two points on the frontier of
During the entire period of from 1824
to 1830, Asia was annually subjected to
the ravages of the pestilence, which thus
.... - i . . . - - -
and tWCIltV millions nf nntr.hns. nnrl strinoc rf tt-wltf,? :t
J l . - - V 1 !' J ) IIHU
which the disease lias never penetrated.
Other caprices have also marked its ca
reer. In most cases of eruption, it has
been found to increase with the advance
of summer, to decrease or disappear as
the winter advanced. In Russia, the re
verse look place Cholera invaded1 Mos
cow in the dead of winter, with the ther
mometer 16 below zero, and spread as
the weather became colder.
In general, it has been most fatal in
hot moist places, the banks of rivers, and
the sources of miasmal vapours. On the
other hand, it has attacked with great vi
olence places the most remote from such
influences. Arabia destitute of water,
was fearfully ravaged, and villages at the
foot of the Himlaya mountains, eight
thousand feet above the level of the sea,
Were also fearfully visited.
It has generally attacked the filthy, and
those who live in crowded and unclean
habitations. It nevertheless originated
in a country where frequent ablutions are
not only a pleasure, but a religious duty.
mm .
If spread in India over the province of
1 I .1
Caucasus, wnere mere are out eigni in
habitants to a square league, as well as
in Hindustan, where there are 1,200 in
habitants on an equal space.
For these details we arc indebted to
articles in the Foreign Quarterly Review
for October last, the Westminster Re
view for the same month, and the Lon
don Quarterly for November.
OTIri the recent work of Bell & Con
die, on Cholera, it is stated, that between
the years 1346 and 1350, it was estima
ted that one-half of the whole human race
was destroyed by pestilential diseases.
In Spain, during a period of onlv thrpn
years, two-thirds of the population were
carneu on. i uent nine-tenths-of the
world lived in filth and poverty, which,
at that day, as now, render individuals
peculiarly obnoxious to disease. .llal.Re".
Cholera Statistics. The first caseof
Cholera that proved fatal in Norfolk, was
that of a colored man belonging to Isaac
Talbot, Esq. he sickened onthe 24ih
July; the second occurred with another
or tne same gentleman s servants, two
days after, who. also died. From the
occurrence of the first case, to the day
the Board of Health published their last
report (Sept. 11,) Is eight weeks. The
whole number of interments in Potter's
Field, (the common burying around for
whites and blacks) during the above pe
riod was 397, as reported by the Super
intendant of the cemetary. In other pla
ces of burial (for white persons only) 56.
Total, in 8 weeks, 453 deaths of all dis
eases. Probable number from Cholera,
allowing for the average mortality at oth
er times, about 400, or a fraction' more
than seven per day. Norfolk Her.
The Cholera, We extract the follow
ing from the popular instructions res
pecting the Cholera: What are the best
means of preventing the attuek of Chole
ra? I would say entire abstinence from
spiritous liquors, using port wine in mo
deration, when any symptoms of oppres
sion or sinking occur: avoid all green
vegetables and unripe fruits, which are
exciting causes; keep from the streets
during the heat of the day, and never
walk in the sun without an umbrella; and
above all, avoid crowds and impure at
mospheres. Let the clothing be flannel,
to keep up an action upon the skin, and
let a belt of the same material be worn.
Temperance in every shape is the great
preventive. We may ask who are its
victims? I answer the intemperate itj
invariably cuts them off. It is a mista-i
ken notion that stimulus is necessary;
wine may and does do service, while we
are under the influence of this poisonous
atmosphere; but spiritous liquors as a
preventive always do harm, and hurry the
drinker to his fate. Early hours are im
portant, for the exposure to the night air
generally brings on the attacks. Per
sons are taken more often at night than
during the day.
The premonitory symptoms of Cholera
are 1st, an uneasiness and "upturning"
of the bowels, with some heat and burn
ing In the upper part of them, or in the
stomach, which is sometimes compared
to the rushing of the blood to those parts,
or to electric sparks, which are followed
by pain and heat 2d, extreme heaviness
and weakness; greater than in any dis
ease, except apoplexy 3d, a discharge
from the bowels without pain, and al
most without the volition of the patient,
of a white watery fluid, which is peculiar
to this disease, and may always be known
by the appearance of whiteish sralutinous
particles floating through it. The latter
sign almost unilormly precedes an attack.
and if attended to earlier, fewer persons
would be found in the collapsed or dan
gerous state. But this peculiar diarrhoea
does not occur except where the disease
really exists, and is easily managed by all
judicious physicians. It should, howev
er, be recollected by all, that it will not do
to trine with it, tor when ir that stale, a
single dose ot oil, salts, magnesia, &c.
has been invariably found to hasten rap
idly the collapse. Medical advice, in this
premonitory stage is all important.
The treatment in the next stage which
is characterized by oppression of the
stomach, slightly impeded respiration,
vomiting of the white rice water fluid,
described above, hideous aspect, slow
ness of the circulation, coldness of fore
head, tongue and extremities cramps in
the toes, legs and hands livid color of
the face, and mutled appearance of other
parts of the body but little can be said
that can be useful to general readers. It
will therefore, be best to remark that
here prompt medical aid is all important,
and that by energetic and judicious treat
ment with mustard plasters, hot applica
tions, calomel and opium, &c. adapted
to the exigencies of the case, many are
prevented from running into the collap
sed stage, which is a state so nearly re
sembling approaching death that as yet
no regular treatment from which any cer
tainty of success can be expected, has
been adopted.
As to the all-absorbing subject of pre
vention, it would perhaps be worse than
useless to reiterate the measures already
proposed and published in every news
paper. I will therefore simply remark in
the language of a well known author,
that "those who do rot dread an attack
of an epidemic disease, and who yet ex
ercise sufficient prudence in avoiding
unnecessary exposure to the predisposing
and exciting causes, may justly be consid
ered as subject to comparatively little risk.
a7At the Fall Term of the Superior
Court of Chatham county, recently held
in Pittsborough, William Little, a free
man of color, was tried for grand larceny
and sentenced to be whipped after the
execution of which sentence, he was sold,
pursuant to an order of the Court, for the
costs and charges of the prosecution.
This is the first enforcement of the act of
the last General Assembly touching the
prosecution of free persons of color, that
we have heard of.
Suicide. The Hillsborough Recorder
says: Mr. Henry Faucett, Sen. of this vi
cinity, committed suicide on Saturday
morning last, by hanging himself. The
unfortunate act, we understand, waa
committed tunder a depression of spirit
occasioned by the apprehension of want.
Indian War. The editor of the De
troit Journal, who through the politeness
of Governor Cass, has had access to the
last despatches from 'the seat of war,
furnishes some information upon ludian
matters which give a new complexion to
the affairs which have lately transpired
upon the frontier, and tend to show that
t ..f ..... .
hostilities in the nrst instance were preci
pitated, it not commenced by the whites.
Colonization Society. Five hundred
pounds sterling have been contributed in
England to the funds of the American
Colonization Society, through E. Cres-
son, the Agent of the Society, now in
rLnjnand.
The colonists at Liberia have been ob
liged to take up arms to chastise the ag
gressions ot the native kings or more
particularly the Dey chiefs, who threat
ened, took captive and wounded such of
the colonists as tell into their hands. .At
length they became so audacious as to
organize measures for storming and bur
ning Caldwell and MilUburg, which wag
only prevented by a rapid march of 270
men under the command' of Captains
Stewart, Weaver, Brander, Nixon and
Lieut. Thompson, into their country and
the storming of their fortified town.
Lieut. Thompson was killed and a few
assailants wounded and fifteen of the
aggressors were killed. This occurred
onthe22d of March. The Dey kings
immediately sued for peace, which was es
tablished on good terms for the colonists.
Clf you a gentleman would know,
Tis he whose deeds proclaim him sp