PRACTICAL ADVICE ABOUT
DIVERSIFIED FARMING
The Poultry Yard.
If It smells sour or musty around
Where the chicks eat or hover, get
the spade to bury some of them.
Keep It handy, for it will be needed
often.
If it is desired to breed up tbe
flock for vigor and early maturity,
do not make the mistake of selling
all the early, quick-maturing pullets;
but rush the early cockerels off to
market.
One hen may hatch all her eggs,
the next may hatch none, the third
may hatch part of hers; and the gen
eral average is far from a 100 per
cent, hatch. Do not expect the incu
bator to do more than hens.
Rush the marketable young stock
toward the pot just as early as large
enough. During the season that poul
try meat is scarce, a small bird may
bring more than It ever would again
for market purposes, and the expense
of caring for and feeding It Is stopped.
Chicks peed .tender grain feed
when a few days old. It aids In keep
ing the bowels in good order and in
other ways, but green feed should not
be relied on too much. Grain gives
them something to develop on.
THE AMERICAN CAHRIAGE HOUSE.
The Figures on the Lines Are the Ideal Measurements In Inches.
Why not extend the poultry work
on the farm by adding ducks, geese
or turkeys to the flock,of chickens?
Ducks and geese, particularly, feed
differently from the way chickens do;
tind will use some things for feed that
chickens will not.
That old cat that would let the
ctiicks peck her when anybody Is
about sometimes eats the same chicks
when she thinks no one i 8 looking.
It seeuis unkind to accuse the old
family pet, but it very often pays to
make sure of what she is really doing.
Those who use Incubators should
BCO that the air about the machine is
pure and free from bad odors —es-
pecially from the fumes of the lamps.
The air can be kept pure without hav
ing drafts. The unhatched chick'
rpn-o flir nl.rvnt as tllltcll as OHC I
tnsu has beeu hutched. •
..•Birds worth are not sold lor
sl. and the Inexperienced should not
pTnect to g»t top-notchers fob a trivial
t_~i. It costs something to breed a
choica bird, a prize winner; and It
will not be sold for sl. When this
i 3 more generally realized, there will
be less dissatisfaction on the part of
inexperienced buyers.
Breeders, climb up the ladder of
rdvertlßlng, to success, if you have
birds or live stock that are worth ad
vertising. Buyers will not hunt you
up. unless you first give them to un
derstand that you are worth hunting
up, that you can sell whaT they want.
Some strains of ducks lay a large
number of eggs and t,he eggs are so
big that their food value is much
greater thaA that of the same num
ber of chicken eggs. There are poul
trymen who think ducks quite vaiua
able for the reason that their eggs
supply so much food for man. Yet,
most poultrymen imagine that ducks
good only for the meat they pro
duce.
When batching duck eggs in an
incubator, remember that they are
thicker than chicken eggs, and that
the top is-therefore higher in the in
cubator and warmer, since the tem-
higher farther up. Pos
sibly this will explain to some why
they have not had the same Buccess
with duck eggs In the machine that
they have with chicken eggs.
This much is certain—a ration that
Is about all starch will not keep
chicks' bowels in good order nor help
them to make rapid growth. Corn
is little mora than starch, yet some
timas almost the only food that chicks
get. They may pUI through by find
ing bugs or worms to add to their
corn ration, but too much of a strain
should not be put on them by with
holding less starchy feed.—Pro
t,.gssive Farmer.
Beat Time.
"Great time they made in the
Olympic running races."
'-W«, Kmc time. Still I need to
do better tha nthat when I was a boy.
"If yon did, you were going sonife.
How fast did you make a hundred
3aids, pray, in those swift days!"
"I don't knpw cjaoilv. There was
n't a watch in the neighborhood that
was swift enough to time SM."
Directions For Planting Trees.
Wben received, the trees should be
heeled in, the floe dirt being well
worked In around the roots. If dry,
they should be well watered.
In moving, they should be covered
with wet burlap or something to pro
tect them from sun and wind.
Holes should be dug four to six
inches deeper than tree goes down;
tfcta space filled with fine surface soil.
jlll bruised or broken roots cut off
with a sharp, knife, leaving a smooth,
sound end, cut from the lower side
up.
Set the tree one and one-half to
two inches deeper than it grew in the
nursery. Set. with a slight lean to the
southwest, straighten the roots and
work fine dirt under and between the
roots, packing firmly.
When all the roots are covered,
pack the whole firmly with the feet,
then finish with loose dirt.
Cut off at least two-thirds of the
season's growth of branches.
the trees low and as near as prac
ticable to a uniform height.
In spring, leave the ground slightly
dishing toward the tree.
In fall planting, mound up tho
earth four to six inches above tha
level, packing closely to the stem.
——— » i
Sheep Produce More Meat.
Professor P. D. Mumford, of tha
Missouri Experiment Station, In pre
senting a summary of all the work
that has been done at tlio experiment
stations on the feeding of sheep,
showed that sheep produce more meat
from a pound of gralu than any other
class of farm animals. In fact, it was
shown that a pound/)! mutton can be
produced from about half as much
grain as a pound of beef. Even tha
mortgage-lifting hog requires more
grain to produce u pound of human
food thau the sheep. With the com
bination of corn and hay for food,
and dry shed for shelter, sheep will
always give a good account of them
selves, and respond readily to tha
care given thfm. •-
Keep Fmm Hooks.
Certainly you expect to bo a better
farmer in 1908 than in 1907. Begin
to-day. Work, but think; consider
your mistakes of last year and avoid
them this year. You should keep
some kind of a farm record, a diary,
a notebook or an account. Find out
from the record what you did with
the field that failed. Did you plant
too early or too late? Did you plow
too deep? Did the seed you bought
turn out well, or do you know? Farm
life employs all the energies of a full
manhood. Thero is so much to think
about is apt to talk little,
—Home and Farm.
Rotate (lie Crops.
Plan to rotate the crops, and when
the time comes in 1908 to do the
planting see to it that these plaus
are well carried out. The fertilising
of the soil needed can thus be kept
in the right place and used at're
quired. Note the-proportion of ele
ments required by the different crops
and so do the plautlng. It is also the
fact—and it is very important—that
one crop may be used to help the
ground for another. A big use can be
made of the cow-pea in this way.
The Fertiliser Question.
Study the fertillser/auestlon in all
of its aspects. Save toe manure on
the farm and the leaves from the
woods. Find out what your soil lacks
and what your crops need. Learn
about potash and all it means. Con
sider the difference between a large
product per acre and only an average
crop and know the large crops com*
from mixed fertilisers and soil with'
leave*.
Part Paragraphs.
It is hard to understand why some
people are so self-satisfied, but easy
to bring the fact to the surfaoc.
The person who is afraid to make
enemies should logically also be afraid
to make friends.
No opportunity is or ever was yonrs
V- don't take hold of and make
good with.
, Some things are bard to explain aid
I won* still, quite unsafe as well.
' Automobiles and Roads.
A great deal bas been published
la the agricultural press in regard to
the automobile monopolizing the ru
ral highways to the detriment of
»untry folk, for whom they were
originally intended and by whom
they are built and kept in repair and
In passable condition. As the self
propelled vehicles come into more
general use on the country roads it
Is evident, that We are face to face
with a new and unlooke'd-for prop
osition in the maintenance of our
thoroughfares in the rural districts.
Every one llviug in the country,
through which the auto cars pass
with considerably frequency, has no
doubt noticed the evil effects of the
rapidly moving machines on the road
ways used and upon the crops grow
ing in the fields along the roads.
There are several good reasons for
this: The pneumatic tire and the
excessive rate of speed.
Ordinarily, the pneumatic tire on
the auto has a tread, ranging from
three to five inches, and owing to its
elasticity and resulting it readily re
sponds to the weight of fie car and
to the uneven places in the highway.
In so doing the tira is pressed close
ly to the surface of the track, there
by excluding the air, and as the car
rushes onward the partial vacum,
thus formed momentarily, causes an
inrush of air, and with it is carried
the finely powdered dust particles.
This dust Is" then taken up by the
wind and blows across the fields, up
on the lawns and Into the very homes
of the country people. Then, there
is the velocity of the car to reckon
with. This ha 3as much to do with
the dust nuisance as the tires. Into
the trail of the fast going Vehicle
great quantities of dust are driven,
due to the "suction" produced by
the abnormal speed. The same effect
is noticed in the case of high speeded
railway trains, only here it is less
disastrous to the comfort of the rural
dwellers. However, an Interurbaft
car along the country roads is Just
as bad as an automobile for caus
ing tho intolerable dust nuisance to
the farmers.
Aside to causing discomfort to the
country folk through the dust nuis
ance, th 3 auto does great damage
to 1 the rural highways, especially In
the dry seasons 1 . Not only are con
siderable quantities of the road ma
terials removed in the way of *tho
dust stirred up by the rapidly mov
ing carriage, but lasting Injury Is
alsa worked by the skidding of the
wheels at bends in the roads as well
n3 throwing gravel and other road
building materials off to the
the road, and tho result of the elas
tic nature of the tires nt\il the cen
trifugal force of the swiftly revolv
ing wheels.
Automobiles are now doing more
damage to the rural roads in tho dry
summer months than all the horse
drawn vehicle.? combined can do, In
the way of pulverizing the surfacing
materials and In aiding their remov
al via the wind and dust route.
The feature about this unpleasant
condition is that the who
are obliged by law to ipake, improve,
maintain and pay for tho country
thorough fare#, are the ones to suffer
the most in the despoliation of what
rightfully belongs to them in the way
of service and utility. The auto
iits who thus abuse these public road
privileges do not contribute a *iimle
penny towards and maintenance and
improvement ot tin re's.
The State laws are in general 100
lax In dealing with the autoists. The
license fee ot a'few paltry dollars is
inefficient and the enforcament of the
speed limit clause is entirely t >o un
common In the country, to make tho
present automobile statutes benell.
clal and far reaching. The f-e for
an auto license should be at least SSO
per year, and this should go to the
| road building fund of the county in
' which the license Is obtained. At
present these fees go to the State.
Increase the fees for license and let
tho local communities receive the
benefits by applying them towards
the kcjplng up of the public roads.
At the same time have n jail sen
tenca for the scorcher and racer in
auto*.
In many cases where fields are
alongside tho roads, farmers have
Lad the value of their bay and other
crops reduced through the efTect of
the dftst raised by -the continual
passing of speeding autocars. Hav
ing no means of redress, these farm
ers must humbly submit to this
treatment and swallow their anger,
until such time as we shall have suit*
able laws to satisfactorily control
this modern evil.—lndiana Farmer.
Struggle For Hare Coin.
A keen struggle for the
of an extremely rare coin between
the Pope and King Victor Emmanuel
of Italy, both numismatists, has just
ended in favor of the former. Tho
Vatican collection, which consists o
some 17,000 pieces, is now the richer
by an excedeingly rare specimen: J.
golden crown struck by Innocent IX.
The coin was found in a garden at
Acqui and was secured after spirited
bidding by an admirer of the
who has presented It to the Vatican.
Agnostic.
The term "agnostic" was Invented
by Professor Huxley about 1885 to
Indicate tho mental attitude of those
who withhold their assent to what
ever Is incapable of proof. In regard
to the divine eiistence, miracles and
revelations, agnostics neither dog
matically affirm nor deny, but simply
say "agnosco"—l do not know—they
are incapable of proof.—The Ameri
can.
New York City.—Fancy coats are
rreatly In vogue at this time and are
to be noted made from a generous
variety of materials. All over lace
Is a favorite, pongee Is much In
vogue, linen will be extensively worn
throughout the summer. And black i
silk and black Batin are both smart j
and useful. This model Is chic and I
jaunty while It includes seams to the
shoulders, which mean simple and
easy fit. It can be made with tho
sleeves as Illustrated or sleeveless as
liked; and the sleeveless coat will be
much worn throughout the warm
weather. It is pretty, it is greatly In
vogue, while for the three-piece cos
tume It makes an eiceedlugly grace
ful adjunct to the toilette. In this
instance lace or silk braid is arranged
over a thin silk lining and is finished
with plain silk braid with looped
edges.
The coat is made with the fronts
and side-fronts, backs and side-backs,
and with straight sleeves which are
gathered and inserted in the arm
holes. It the sleeveless effect Is de
, sired these last can be omitted and
the armholes cut out on Indicated
lines.
The Quantity of material required
for the medium size Is four and one
half yards eighteen or twenty-one,
three and one-half yards twenty
seven or two yards forty-four inches
wide, one yard of fancy banding for
the neck edge, four and one-quarter
yards of braid and ot looped edging.
Not a Wrinkle Permitted.
It Is imperative that the drop skirt
be fitted carefully to the figure, as
small hips are In style, and there
must be no extra fulness at the waist
line or a sign of a wrinkle over the
hips.
> Collars and Cuffs.
Lace and embroidered collar and
cuff sets are very much In vogue. The
round lace yokes with attached col
lars are of a dressy order, made of
Cluny and Irish lace. They are
shown with the half sleeves to match.
The Startling Hats.
• Hats are almost startling In their
color propensities. They are very
tall and they are trimmed In ways
that make them seem still taller.
Use of Fringe.
A Princess frock In mole-colorod
satiu charmeuse la draped simply
across the figure to one side and
caught with a heavy, knotted, aeven-
Inch fringe forming a trimming on
the right side. On the other la a love
ly silken embroidery made of various
neutral shades from faintest Wedg
wood blue to the palest note of Ber
gundy and yellow. These all seem
to harmonise with the shade of tho
frock, and compose a most glorious
combination.
Girl's Dress. \
Simple little frocks made with
straight full skirts are among the
most practical and the most desirable
of the warm weather season. This
one is pretty and attractive and can
be made from almost any really child
ish material, the linens, batistes,
dimities and the Jlke of the present
season and also challls, cashmere and
similar light weight wools. In the
Illustration, however, dotted batiste
is trimmed with embroidery.
The dress Is made with
and the skirt. The waist can be lined
or unllned as material renders desir
able and can be made with the yoke
as Illustrated or with the neck cut
out on the square outline as liked.
The skirt is straight and simply gath
ered at Its upper edge.
The quantity of material required
f6r the medium site (ten years) Is
four and five-eighth yards, three and
three-quarter yards thirty-two or
three yards forty-four inches wide,
one-half yard eighteen Inches wide
for the yoke, two and three-quarter
yards of banding two Inches wide for
the skirt, onf and three-quarter yards
one and" lnchra wide for
the belt and cuffs.
Soutache on Net.
If there Is a net yoke or guimpe to
the foulard frock trimmed with sou
tache, apply some of the soutache on
to the net as well. This brings the
color of the silk over on to the net la
an effective way.
Cotton Voiles.
The cotton voiles strike one very
forcibly this season, not because
they are new, but because they are' so
plentiful and in such lovely colors.
Household Matters.
' IWF
Bride's Cake Icing.
Brat the white* of three eggs to %
itll (roth, then add gradually on*
pound confectioner's sugar, beating
all the time. Beat until the mixture
will not run vhen spread and then
add flavoring and a few drops of ul
tramarine or indigo blue. Mix care
fully so it will not streak. This blue
la harmless and not only makes the
bride's cake a snowy white, but keeps
It from taking on that yellowish tinge
that frosting Is apt to get in time.—
New York Telegram. . '
Fruit Cake Hint.
Always steam fruit cake; you will
not have to worry about your oven
being too hot or there being a hard
crust on your caka. Put on your boil
er, being sure there is a good fire;
put bricks in the bottom, EO as to ~
bring your cake about the centre of
the boiler. Invert a tin on the bricks,
set your cake on this, cover with an
other tin, so the steam can not drip
on the .cake. Keep the water at boil
ing point and steam three hours. Set
in a slow oven one-half hour.—ln
dianapolis News.
Potato Klosse.
Mix with three-fourths poun
mashed potatoes one pound bread
coaked In milk, a few finely minced
chives and one tablespoonful flour.'
Season with salt and a small quantity
grated nutmeg and stir in three well
beaten eggs. Work the mixture until
quite smooth, then divide into por
tion* with a tablespoon, making the
mark of the spoon on each as fin
ished. Have ready a saueepan of
boin&g water, throw In the balls and
cook ten minutes. Cut two or threes
slices of bacon pieces and
fry crisp and the potato
balls on a hot dish, garnished with
the bacon; pour the bacon fat over
them and serve very hot.—.New York
Tribune.
Green Pea Puree.
Simmer gently for one hour and a
half a pound of lean lamb and a slice
of bacon in one quart and a half of
water. Add a sprig of mint, a tea
spoonful of minced onion, salt and
pepper to taste, and a quart of green
peas. Simmer one-half hour, then
press through colander. Make a rich
white sauce, using a tablespoonful of
flour and a heaping tablespoonful of
butter, with one cup aud a half of
hot milk. Add salt, pepper and su
gar to taste, then the prepared peas;
gently bring to a boll and serve hot.
Dried or split peas may be soaked
over night then cooked until tender
(it may take several hours), then
pressed through a colander and
treated like the fresh peas. New
York Telegram.
((HINTS FOR. THE)
I HOUSEKEEPELRJ
If a cork Is too large for a bottle,
•oak It In boiling water for half ah
hour; this will make it' so soft and
supple that it can easily be pressed
into the bottle.
Dirty finger marks on light paint
may be quickly taken off by rubbing
them with a bit of clean flannel
dipped in paraffin and then with a
clean soft .cloth.
Egg cups or dishes stained with
egg should not be washed in hot soda
water, as It makes the stain harden.
If placed in cold water, tho stains
will come off quite easily.
Common alum melted in an Iron
spoon over hot coals forms a strong
cement for Joining glass and metals
together. It Is a good thing for hold
ing glass lamps to their stands.
Squares of cheese that are left over
should be dried and grated. A deli
cious flavor is given to soups, salads
and vegetables by sprinkling a little
cheese on the top just before the con
coction if taken from the fire.
To iron table linen dampen very
thoroughly and evenly, then fold and
wraj in a heavy cloth. Use heavy
Irons, first on the wrong side until
partly dry, then on the right side
until dry.
Glasses which hare held milk
should never be washed In warm wat
er while the dregs of the milk still
cling round the edges. If the glass la
first rinsed ont in cold water It can
safely be washed in warm water.
To remove graas x stains from fhlte
material rub the spots thoroughly
With soft soap and baking powder.
Let this remain on for twenty min
utes, then wash well and put in the
sun to bleach. * . •»,
If tinware is so badly stained that
whitening will not clean it, tflfeke a
weak solution of oxalic aeid and wat
er, dip a bit of soft rag in it, rub the
article with It, and dry It with whit
ening on a cloth.
To clean bronxea wash with pulver
ised whiting or powdered saffron un
til' the surface la smoothed. Then
rub with paste ot lumbago and saf
fron; then heat the articles before *
alow wood fire. Large statues which
cannot be removed may be waahed
With a weak solution ot alkali and
soap wate*.
Cheese wrspped In a cloth pre
viously" steeped In vinegar and water
will keep fresh for a considerably,
longer time than If kept In the store
room in the ordinary way. A dry
sloth should be kept wrapped round
the saturated one, and the latter
resteeped In vinegar and water froM
time to time.
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