Newspapers / The Enterprise (Williamston, N.C.) / May 23, 1913, edition 1 / Page 7
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South's Veterans to Meet on Famous Battlefields . . ®", i- * J%g^^ LL ruth^Tu:;:: 1 :z\:: tr sz continuous fighting. some of the en- gagements amounting to pitched bat tins. Among these was the bloody en- gagement at Kennesaw Mountain. The nationai government and the state governments are uniting In the ■_?. ... ' _ T| work of reclaiming, beautifying and «♦*«*■-■' ••».* - ■■■„'•- adorning these fields. While a great -•••- ""- if -»,"td deal of progress has been made, the work Is by no means completed. It ! has been suggested a number of times by responsible persons that In time the national government should erect a colossal arch at Chattanooga as a memorial to both armies, and a testimonial to American valor. The erection of such a memorial Is one of the future possibilities. CHATTANOOGA, Tenn—The an nual reunion of the United Con federate Veterans will be held here May 27-2# Inclusive. On the same dates, also, the Son* of Confederate Veterans meet here In annual reunion. Two of the heaviest battles of the Civil war were fought on territory now practically Included In the city of Chattanooga, or as suburbs. These were the terrible battle of Chlcka mauga, In which more blood flowed than on any other field, not excepting European countries, and the battle of Missionary Ridge, the result of which broke the hold of the Confederates upon the Chattanooga valley and turned the territory over to the Union army. These battles were fought Just fifty years ago, and this year is, therefore, their semi-centen nisi. The battle of Chlckamauga was fought September IS and 20, 1863. The battle of Missionary Ridge was fought two months later, or, to be exact, on November 25, 1863. Two less Important battles, however, were fought here. These were the battle of Lookout Mountain, November 21, and the battle of Orchard Knob, No vember 23. These three engagements constitute the battle of Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge being the climax In the series of battles. About 60,00(5 men were killed, wounded and missing In the fighting around Chattanooga. The engage ment at Chlckamauga furnished about 85,000 of the total casualties. To commemorate and memorialise these battlefields, the national gov ernment and states hare spent large sums of money. There are about 1,000 memorials of sll kinds and de scriptions on the battlefields here. These memorials consist of marble and bronse monuments, mounted can non, historical tablets, distance tab lets, and observation towers. The government has converted Chlckamauga Into a national military park. It contains about 6,600 acres of land, and this will be largely in creased In the near future through additional purchases. Fort Oglethorpe, a brigade army post, the largest In the United States, has been estab lished at Chlckamauga park, and Is now occupied by the Eleventh cavalry. The roads In Chlckamauga park have been preserved In practically the same topographical form as they were before the great battle. The government, however, has covered all of them with macadam, giving the tourist a continuous journey of about 110 miles over the government boule vards and battlefield roads. The federal government has erected on these fields nine handsome gran ite monuments to regular troops, and twenty-three shell monuments. It has also erected five Iron and steel observation towers seventy feet high. Wllder's observation tower Is 86 feet high. There have been placed on these fields 700 historical tablets, and 860 distance and locality tablets. The northern states have spent a large amount of money on the Chatta nooga battlefields. New York leading la the total expenditure. That state has spent about SIOO,OOO for a con siderable group of monuments scat tered over the fields. The most Im posing New Tork monument f ls on Lookout Mountain In Point Park. Ohio has a group of monuments here that cost about $130,000, Includ ing the expense of markers and tab lets. The states of Pennsylvania, In diana, Illinois, Michigan and Wiscon sin are liberally represented by moan HAD SAILORS, BUT NO SHIPS Why Officers of tho Confederate Navy Were Put In Command of the Shore Batterlea. Stephen B. Mallory VU made MO rotary at the Confederate Btataa nary, and the department waa or gaalsed as other cabinet departmenta Wire, but wo had no ships. There were plenty of oflteora, but only a (By CAPT. JAMES JOLK SMARTT, Historian of the Chattanooga menta, as are a number of other northern states. The southern lUtes have spent a great fleal of money here alio In erecting monuments, tablet* and markers. Tennessee haa four monu ments and forty-seven markers at Cblckamauga. South Carolina has one motmment and ten marker! at Cblckamauga. Alabama haa author ised the expenditure of $25,000 for a monument on the aame field. Florida appropriated $16,000 for a monument at Chlekamauga. This monument, with the Imposing memorial erected by the Ladles' Memorial Association of Alabama, will be dedicated during the May reunion. One of the hand somest monuments on the field of Chlekamauga Is tb/fc Georgia monu ment, erected at of $25,000. The sentimental lnacrifcUpn on this monu ment is as follows: 'TO the lasting memory of all her sons who fought on this field—those who fought and llred and those who fought and died, those who gave much and those who gave all, Georgia erects this monument." Kentucky has a beautiful monument at Cblckamauga bearing the following Inscription: "Erected to her sons who fonght and fell. As we are united in life and they united In death, let one monument perpetuata their deeds, and one people, forgetful of all appetites, forever hold In grateful remembrance all the glories of that terrible conflict which made all men free and retained every star on the nation's flag." South Carolina has a handsome monument at Cblckamauga on which the following inscription appears: 'To her faithful sons at Cblckamauga, South Carolina erects this monument to the rftlor they prov ed, and the llvea they gave, on this groat battlefield." Maryland has erected a monument at Chlckamauga to both bine and gray. The Inscription on this monu ment Is as follows: "The proud her itage bequeathed to worthy sons of IHnstrlous sires arose. Phoenlx-like, from the fierce fraternal strife, re deemed and regenerated, and now * ■ —■ few Tetania. So It fell to the duty of naval officer* to command bat terlea, and the ffrat ware on the Pot®' mac rirer. While both aralea were prepar ing for the contest that commenced with the battle of Bull Ron. or ktan uaaaaa, tho Confederates erected a lino of batterle on the Potomac which entirety blockaded Was hint ton. and that so completely that •>.«, .. . "• . ="■ •, •' IE- and forever, victor and vanquished are lndissolubly united, knowing but one Ood, one country, one destiny." The battle of Chlckamauga had. according to men who gave the sub- Ject careful and painstaking study, the highest percentage of loss known to wars, for two days' fighting. Th« armies threw themselves upon each other with a fury that is probably not exceeded In the history of wars. The battle, beginning In earnest on Bat urday, September 19, lasted until Sun day evening about dusk, when Gen. George H. Thomas withdrew his forces from Snodgrass hill and aban doned the field to the Confederates. There was an Intercession of the fighting, of course, Saturday night, because of darkness, but hostilities were resumed early Bunday mornlns The two armies fought back and forth over the field all of Sunday, strewing the ground with the dead and wounded and setting high water mark for casualties. The loss in this battle will never be known, but the most careful estimates place the num ber of dead, wounded and missing at about 35,000, or about one-third of the number engaged. Some commands lost as high as 70 per cent, of their men. After this battle the federal forces began strengthening their fortifica tion* around Chattanooga. The Con federates moved nearer to the city and also fortified their position, throwing their lines in front of the city frojp the river above to the river below. The two armies occupied practically the same positions for two months. Hostilities were re sumed actively with a movement by the federals, on November 23, against Orchard Knob. General Grant had reached Chattanooga a month earlier and assumed command of the army. His plan of campaign was to surprise the Confederates at the north end of Missionary Ridge by sending General Sherman against that potlslon, and carry the ridge, which was held by tbe Confederates, to the railroad tun nel before It could be occupied by s eren their gunboats had to sneak by at night. Tbe most effective of these batteries was that commanded by Capt. W. F. Lynch of the Con federate States navy, at Aqula Creek. To take this battery the en emy planned an expedition of four gunboats, with a regiment of men to land and bold tbe works. On Jnae 29, 1861, tbe United State!, gun boats Pensacola, ten gunf; tbe Ana costa. Resolute and Freeborn, two gpna eacb, under command of Cap tain Ward of ths United States Chickamauga National Park Commission.) stronger force. General Hooker was kept In Lookout Valley to guard against a movement from the Confed erate left. General Thomas was to move the Army of the Cumberland to the left, connect with Sherman If he reached the tunnel on Missionary fridge, and then sweep southward, driving the Confederates up the val ley, and out of reach of their base of supplies at Chlckamauga, Tenn. The Union movement against Or chard Knob was made for the pur pose of verifying a report that Gen eral Grant had received that the Con federates were retreating. It was a successful movement, and that emi nence fell Into the hands of the Fed erals, becoming General Grant's head quarters during the remainder of the campaign. Next day the battle of Lookout Mountain was fought. This engage ment took place on a bench of Look out Mountain, below the summit, and Is known as the "battle above the clouds." The Confederates were driv en from their position. During this battle a cloud swept over the moun tain, enveloping the contending regi ment*. The battle of Missionary Ridge was fought November 25. Durlns the night of November 24 all of General Bragg's troops were withdrawn from Lookout Mountain and tbe Chatta nooga Valley and massed on Mission ary Ridge. About 4 o'clock on the evening of November 25 a general advance on Missionary Ridge was or dered from General Grant's headquar ters. One of the most Imposing spec tacles of the Chattanooga campaign was witnessed* here. Tbe Union sol- navy, opened fire upon this battery, whfcty was " returned briskly. The tight lasted* two hours, when Ward retired with no 4oss on either side. On June I, Ward renewed the fight, this time for five hours, expending about 600 shot and shill, when again he was forced to retire with a loss of live men and the Free born so badly damaged that It bad to go to Washington nary yard for repairs. There were no casualties on the ° Confederate side, though the works and the officers and men's auar- diers were advanced across a level plain for a mile In plain view from the crest of the ridge, and ordered to capture and hold the Confederate rifle pita at the baae. The fighting on the alopes of this ridge waa among the hardest of the Civil war. The Confederates were driven from the ridge. This victory left thd Union army in undisputed possession of the Chattanooga valley. The Confeder ates retreated Into Georgia. These military operations, from be ginning to end, extended over a wide scope of territory. A circle drawn around Chattanooga to cover tho ground over which the armies con tended desperately for the mastery, would be about thirty miles in diam eter, or fifteen miles in all directions from the center of the city. There, was, of course, much fighting, of the skirmish character, while the Federal army was advancing from Middle Tennessee on Chattanooga. After the battles around Chattanooga, when Daughters of Confederacy. Although less than twenty years old, the United Daughters of the Confed eracy has become one of the most im portant women's organizations of the world. It now has over 1,200 chap ters, representing almost every state In the Union. There are 23 states having divisions numbering at least three chapters. The total membership now approximates 80,000, and it Is rap idly Increasing, as there have been prizes offered the different chapters for additional members. There are strong bonds of unity between south ern women, and in whatever state they settle they are uniting to form new chapters and to make their organisa tion more powerful each day. Gift for Blck Child. A gift which brings happiness to a sick child Is a paper doll given In this way: Bend the doll, a small-Jointed doll, .for which you can make crape paper dresses, with one dress, and a note to the sick child, saying that every day, or every third day, or every week, as you please, the morning mall will bring an addition to the doll's wardrobe. At different times send dresses for the house, party dresses trimmed with paper flowers, hats, muffs, capes and coats, kimonos and street clothes. An other doll or so also can be sent. ters were badly wrecked. Captain Ward, in reporting the engagement to the United States navy depart ment, said: "I was surprised at the heroic persistency with which Capt. W. F. Lynch, formerly of our navy, who commanded at Aquia Creek . during my several attacks, held hla post, glass in hand, on the ramparts, against all the urgency of his men to quit a post made des perately hazardous by the shot and shell falling thickly and exploding about him." $ ALIEN LAND Bill . AS YET UNSIGNED BRYAN ADMONIBHEB REPORTERS ABOUT THE BTRAINED RELA TIONS BTORIEB. ARIZONA'S NEW ALIEN LAW Secreary of Btate Has Long Confer ence With President, But Did Not Discuss Relations Between ths United Btates and Japan. Vv'ashlngton.—The Japanese nego tiations over the California anti-alien bill- have not advanced much and there 1B no expectation at the state department or at the Japanese em bassy that there wtll be any develop ments In the Immediate future. Gov. Johnson has not signed the bill, so far as official Washington Is advised and that appears to be the necessary condition precedent to the resump tion of the negotiations. The officials are doing everything they can to discourage sensational stories of strained relations between the two counties and Secretary Bry an again admonished newspaper call era against speculating as to the gov ernment's policies. Ma. Bryan had a long conference with President Wil son, but It was said the relations be tween the United States and Japan were not discussed although it was presumed at first that the conference was for this purpose. Arizona's new alien land law is not regarded here as seriously complicat ing negotiations with. Japan because the act does not contain the same di rect bar against Japanese as the Cali fornia act. It is expected, however, that be cause of its adverse effect upon Mex ican land owners in Arizona, a pro test will be forthcoming from the Mexican Government, even In view of the rather irregular status of the diplomatic relations between Amer ica and Mexico. With both the American and Japanese governments waiting on final action of Governor Johnson, the possibility of postpon ing tha operation of the proposed California land law by Invoking the referendum is again bting discussed in official circles. Tariff Condemned In Frar*e. Paris. —The Und®rwood tariff bill, as far as it relates to French Indus try, was energetically condemned at a meeting of the National Association of Industry and Commerce. Deputy Georges-Gerald expressed the objec tion to the bill's amlnlstration clauses, which, instead of relieving the great hindrances which he de clared exist in trading in the United States, Increased them arbitrarily. When Mr. Underwood and his friends say they are only applicable to pro fessional defrauders, said Gerald, "this affirmation Is not sufficient for French exporters, who already know too much albout the administration of the American tariff." Florida to Cuba Flight Successful. Key West, Fla. —The first success ful flight from the United States to Cuba from Key West to Havana, over the Gulf to Mexico, was made,, by Domingo Rosillo, a Cuban aviator. A prize of SIO,OOO waa offered for the accomplishment of the feat which was unsucessfully attempted In 1911 by Aviator McCurdy. ""Rosillo left from the terminal of the Florida East Coast Railroad here In a gale. His machine was not equipped with pon toons. This fact, in addition to tbe unfavorable weather conditions, ren dered the flight extremely hazardous. The Range Rifle League, Washington.—The short range rifle league of the United States, composed of 38 rifle clubs from Maine to Cali fornia, was organized. It Is the larg est organization of rifle clubs for lea gue shooting ever attempted. A New Treaaury Order. Washington.—National banks no longer will have to hold reserves agalnßt any deposits of the Federal government. Acting comptroller of the currency notified the banks that the treasury department would not require reserves against any money deposited by officers of the govern ment upon which interest is paid. This action is the result of Secretary McAdoo's order charging two per cent interest on government deposits and It probably will release $1,000,000 now tied up In reserves. John N. Anhut Convicted. New York. —John N. Anhut was convicted, of attempting bribery by the Jury before which he has been on trial In connection with an at tempt to free Harry K. Thaw by al leged Illegal means. Tbe young law yer will be setenced by Supreme Conrt Justice Seabury. The jurors deliberated lees than two hours and a half. They found that Anhut waa guilty of offering Dr. John W. Ruasell, former head of the Mattewan Hos pital $20,000 for the release of Stan ford White's slayer.
The Enterprise (Williamston, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
May 23, 1913, edition 1
7
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