TEATHER TONIGHT
UTHE1MER
LOCAL COTTON,
RAIN AND COOLER
16 1.2 CENTS
VOL. 43 NO. 18.
ALL THE LOCAL NEWS
TARBORO, N. C, THURSDAY, APRIL 6, 1922
.ASSOCIATED PRESS
'4
r.
i
f -
Virginia Warehouses
Sign Up Contracts
. . r$:$
Twenty ight Varehouses Out
of Thirty-Five Sign Up Fire
Year Contracts; No Ware
houseman Wanted on These
Contracts Who ' Does Not
Think It Fair; Sapiro Speaks
to Meeting ; Officials Confer
With Judge Bingham of
Kentucky.
SOUTH BOSTON, Va.( April C
(Special to Southerner. )-Twenty-eight
out of thirty-five bright and
dark tobacco markets in Virginia
have signed up with the Tobacco
Growers Cooperative Association for
the next five years. '
A large majority of the Virginia
warehousemen who met in South
Boston, representing nearly every to
bacco market of importance in Vir
ginia signed the contract to lease or
sell their properties to the Tobacco
Growers Cooperative Association to
day. This meeting of the warehouse
men and directors of the marketing
association was attended by a large
group 6f tobacco farmers and buyers
which tompletely filled the local the
atre. It was notable for the spirit of
fair play and cooperation emphasized
in a statement by Aaron Sapiro, at
torney for the Tobacco Growers Co
. operative Association, who said "We
don't want any warehouseman to
sign any contract unless he sees it is
fair.' Mr. Sapiro, who is also attor
ney for the successful Burley Grow
ers Marketing Association of Ken
tucky, stated that the contract was
drawn up with the intention of giv
ing absolute fairness to both farmers
and warehousemen, and said:
"The men who run the warehouses
now are in great measure the men
whom we shall want to run the ware
houses for the association."
Commenting on the reluctance of
certain Danville warehousemen to
cooperate with the association, Mr.
Sapiro stated that this news was wel
come, because the proffer of other
plants iin Danville for use by the as
sociation and the plan of .building a
. ; wnreh-mse for the growers on the
outskirts of Danville relieves them of
the problem of considering the pur
chase "r lease of more property than
they need in that city.
President Norwood of the market
ing association, Director T. C. Wal
king, manager of warehouses, Chair
v man J. Y. Joyner and N. II. Williams
v ..
of the committee on warehouses, and
M. O. Wilson, secretary of the asso
ciation, were present to represent the
organized tobacco growers. V
Richard R. Paterson, formerly
manager of the leaf department of
the American Tobacco Company, now
manager of the leaf department of
the Tobacco Growers Cooperative
Association, and- C B. Cheatham,
assistant manager of the association,
now left for a conference with Judge
Robert Bingham of Louisville, Ky.,
and other officials of the successful
marketing association of the burley
. growers before taking up the task of
handling a majority of the Virginia
Carolina crop now under contract
with the Tobacco Growers Coopera
tive Association. ;
ANTHRACITE MINERS TURN
IDLENESS INTO VACATION
WILKES BARRE, Pa., April 5.
Suspension of operations in anthra
cite coat fields of Pennsylvania is
hailed by the average miner as an
opportunity for a vacation, and most
of the.ii are planning to thoroughly,
enjoy the, holidays.
The younger men have turned to
athletics as a means of breaking the
monotony, whik)others are planning
long fishing trips. Many have left
for visits to their old homes in Eu-
rope, ninety percent baying round-
trip tickets and expect to return to
work at the end of the strike.
MINE
MULES
HOW
APPRECIATION FOR
LIGHT OF DAY
WILKESBARKE, Pa., April 6.
Once taken into the deep re
cesses of the mines where cars
cannot penetrate, mine mules
are never removed except in the
case of a strike.
The average life of a mule
undar ground is 15 years.
These humble beasts of bur
den are not worrying now over
the length of the coal strike.
They have been brought up the
shafts and are seeing daylight
for the first time in years, romp
ing find playing and biting each
othnr good-naturedly.
LONELY USE CAB
AT HIS POST
CHICAGO, 111., April 6 Repeat
ing a copy book maxim to keep his
courage "up, Edward Budd, the only
horse-.cab driver left on the south
side and one of the last seven in tHe
city, remains on duty despite the
motor competition which he. says is
starving the old-fashioned cabby out
of existence and will soon make him
a memory.
"Five years ago there were about
500 hundred of us, and plenty of
work, for all," ho remarked as he
waited for customers, "now I am
lucky if I make " a week, and some
times two weeks pass without bring
ing me a nickel, though I'm on watch
from early, in the afternoon until 2
or 3 o'clock in the morning.
"When I get discouraged, though,
I remember; a saying I learned at
school, 'Perseverance overcomes ev
ery obstacle.' I say that over to my
self sometimes, and then I think of
school days in Hampshire, when I
fc-ay her majesty, the queen. We chil
dren stood on a bench as fdi? passed,
and her majesty stopped and pinned
a white rose on my lapel. I'll never
forget that.
"I'd quit driving if ,1 could do any
thing else, but I froze my feet 20
odd years ago in a storm that tied
up all the trains. I was out all night
driving people home who would have
frozen to death if I'd stayed in and
taken care of myself. Now those
same people would pass me by and
take a taxicab."
Mr. Budd was a coachman for a
family of means in England before
he came to America 40 years ago,
and has been a cab-driver in Chicag
ever since.
EDGECOMBE DAY AT
THE FEDERAL COURT
The lawyers and the witnesses in
the cases for the federal covrt will
all go over to Wilson tomorrow.
Mr. O. D. Ingram etates that Edge
combe stands third in the list of cas'es
to be tried from all the counties in
the district. From, the reported ar-
rests that have been made in Edge
combe recently, it is no wonder that
Edgecombe has so many cases to be
tried this week.
UNVEIL STATUTE OF
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON
TUSKEGEE, Ala., April 5. Me
thods of transportation, ranging rom
special cars to mule back were util
ized here today to bring whit'-s and
negroes to attend the unveiling of
the statue of Booker T. Washington,
founder of Tuskegee Institute.
R
RUNS
SF
BASED ON FACTS
By HENRY C. WALLACE.
Most of the epoch-making machin
ery, the'plow, the corn planter, the
two horse cultivator, the mower, the
reaper and the steam thresher, were
invented prior to the civil war, but
it was rot until after 18G0 that these
implements came into wide use. They
were especially adopted to the great
prairie country wfcere the farmer
could turn a furrow straight away
for a mile or more. With the woden
plow, the sickle, and the flail a weeks
labor of one man was required to
produce 20 bushels of whuat on an
acre of land. With the improved im
plements the same amount of wheat
could be produced on the same land
in one and a half days. Better ma
chinery and larger teams multiplied
man labor by four.
The increase in the domestic and
foreign demands for food was one of
the most important factors in stim
ulating agricultural production. Our
urban population in 1860 stood at 16
percent of the total; by 1900 it had
risen to 40 per cent of the total.
Cheap food and cheap transportation
greatly stimulated our industries and
also gave us success to foreign mar
kets, more especially the countries
of western Europe filled with large
industrial population. The improve
ment in transportation and cheap
ness of our foodstuffs opened to us
the markets of the world.
As a result of this extraordinary
combination of forces the production
of crops per capita of agricultural
workers was increased by about 58
percent, and production per capita
of total population increased about
3'J percent. We became the largest
surplus producing country in the
world.
The Trouble Starts. ,
Naturally such conditions made
for an extensive type of agriculture.
The richest large body of land in the
world was either free or very cheap
and the best farm machinery in the
world was to be had. Labor was not
plentiful, therefore, the tendency ffir
the individual to cultivate the "max
imum acreage and lean toward a one
crop system which did not give the
greatest yields per acre but which
did result in the highest yield per
man.
Early in the 20th century it be
came evident .the tide was turning in
agricultural production as related to
domestic consumption. Our per cap
ita production was showing unmis
takable signs of decline. City popu
lation was increasing far more rap
idly than rural population. In the 20
years following 1900 urban and vil
lage population increased by 26,
600,000, while rural population in
creased but 3,100,000. In 1900 urban
and village population was 48 per
cent cf the total; in 1920 it was 60
percent. During the ten years 1910
1920, the cities and villages -of the
north had increased in population by
23 percent, while the increase in the
open country in the same region was
but 1.5 percent.
Rival Appear.
With the coming of peace and the
inevitable period of reconstruction,
the unusual foreign demand for our
agricultural products Subsided. The
seas were opened and South Amer
ica and Australia, which had been
bottled up, were able to deliver their
accumulated surplus. For a year and
a half American agriculture has been
undergoing a very serious depression
due to the production of more food
stuffs than we can use ourselves and
more than we can sell at a fair price.
Farm- crops have been selling for
very much less than the actual cost
of production and very much below
the prices which prevailed during the
five pre-war years; also they have
been selling for very much less rela
tively than other basic commodities.
That ' but another way of saying
tfcat the wages of farmer are far
lower now than the wages of any
FARMER
other group. This has resulted in a
condition which, if continued, will
within a relatively, short period im
pose a heavy burden upon domestic
consumers The farmer cannot con
tinue to produce at a loss. Decreased
production will result in prices so
high that city consumers will com
plain bitterly. '
Mew Policies.
During the next 20 years, either
consciously or unconsciously the U.
S. will adopt fairly definite policies
as to industry and agriculture. We
are approaching that period which
comes in the life' of every nation
when we must determine whether we
will strive for a well-rounded self
sustaining national life in which
there shall be a fair balance between
industry and agriculture or whether,
as have so many nations in the past,
we shall sacrifice our agriculture for
the building of cities afid expect our
food tj be produced not by indepen
dent farmers but by men and wom
en of the present type.
Dispassionate consideration of this
larger problem is made harder now
because our agriculture is in very
bad shape, much worse than is fully
realized especially in the east. There
j seems to be a tendency to regard the
complaints and appeals which are be
ing voiced by the farmers and the
people who speak in their behalf as
simply the recurrence of grumblings
which have been heard from farmers
in past periods of depression. Now
the truth is that we are passing thru
the most severe agricultural depres
sion we have ever experienced. It is
not simply a case of low pr-iees for
farm products. We have seen lower
prices in times past. The trouble now
is that whereas prices of farm prod
ucts, speaking generally, are lower
than before the war, prices of the
things., the farmer, must pay for, in
cluding transportation, wages, taxes
and the loan of money, remain near
the war levels. Hence the purchasing
power of the major farm crops is
lower than at any time in history,
A Great Task.
Our first task is to bring agricul
ure through this critical period with
least possible damage. Senators and
Congressmen from the Surplus pro
ducing States appreciate the gravity
of the situation, as indeed, do hun
dreds of thousands of business ine.'i
who have dealings with the farmer
directly or indirectly. It is quite nat
ural therefore, that there should be
consideration of legislative measures
which might afford relief. As is al
ways the cases in periods-of finanical
deprcssione well meaning pcopl
whose understanding of economic
forces js not all that might be hoped
for, come forward with ill consider
ation. Such have had scant consider
ation. Efforts at relief by Congress
ional action have been directed along
three general lines, first improved
credit facilities; second, premissive
legislation which will encourage the
farm.r 'himself to improve methods
of marketing farm crops; third as
surance of free, open and competi
tive markets for crops and live stock
through the exercise of reasonable
government supervision over market
agencies. '
That anyone should be disposed to
regard such legislation at of the na
ture of class legislation intended to
or having the effect of benefiting
one group at the expense of other
groups, is surprising. It is not in any
sense class legislation. Its primary
purpose is to maintain agricultural
production that the people may be
fed.
ydknrthy oieen etaoin etao taaaa
We have come to the time when
team work is needed, yes, inperative.
There must be symppthy, understand
ing snd , co-operation between agri
culture, industry and busines They
arle' alike.-They must work 4 ther
for the good of all.
To Reduca Costs.
The paradox of our present large
food surplus notwithstanding, we are
fast ceasing to become a food ex
porting nation. The startling rapidity
l our Industrial growth points to
the approaching need of materially
FRENCH DELEGATES
T
FULL POWER
PARIS, April 6. French del
egates going to the Geno econ
omic conference are without full
power, according to Premier
Poincare, in his final instruc
tions. This decision is beinh
much discussed in political cir
cles, where it is looked upon as
likely to develop complications
in view of the fact that Russian
delegates have been given pow
ers to negotiate.
UNVEIL MEMORIAL TO
REAR ADMIRAL PEARY
WASHINGTON, April 6. Presi
dent pnd Mrs. Harding, members of
the cabinet, high officials apd arctic
explorers joined to pay tribute to
the memory of Rear Admiral Robt.
E. Peury today at the memorial un
veiling at the grave in Arlington.
increasing production. Enlarge areas
of land which may be brought under
the plow not easily or cheaply but as
need may require and prices justify.
And larger yields may be had from
the lands already under cultivation
by the practice of more intensive
mcttliods. In either case the consum
er can not hope to buy food as cheap
ly in the past, unless there be future
larger i eductions in the costs of pro
ducting that food, and when I say
costs of producting I mean also costs
of marketing, for producting and
marketing are inseparable. In its own
J interest, therefore, and for its own
benefit, the consuming 'public' must.
aid iin making available to the farm
er every facility and business device
which may help him in reducing pro
duction costs.
Some Suggestions.
In the administration of our credit
machinery whether by government
agencies or otherwise the effect on
agriculture must be given more con
federation than in the past.
Credit for productive and im
provement purposes must be madt
available to the farmer on terms that
the seasonable character of agricul
tural production makes necessary.
Improvement in marketing meth
ods through the organization of co
operative associations should be per
mitted and encouraged.
Farm products should be trans
ported at the lowest possible costs
consistent with the maintenance and
satisfactory operation of the trans
porting agency.
The collection of statistical infor
mation as to production and con
sumption of agricultural products at
home and-abroad should be greatly
extended, and made more generally
available.
The extension of cultivated land
should not be encouraged until care
ful survey has made plain thr r":,c
tibility of establishing a protilhOlp
farming or live stock enterprise.
There should be a decided tightening
up of our policies of land settlement
including those dealing with reclam
ation piojects.
Painstaking study of the costs of
production and marketing of farm
crops is a necessary preliminary to
the reduction of such costs. This
study should be made all along the
line from the farm to the consum
er's table.
A better understanding of forces
which influence prices if very much
to be desired and is necessary to the
intelligent adjustment of production
to the needs of consumption.
Federal supervision of such insti
tutions as public stock yards and
market agencies, grain exchanges and
the like is 'not only expedient but
very necessary to the efficient and
HIM
impartial functir-ing of such insti
tutions, and should result in benefit
alike to the agencies themselves, the
farmers who furnish the raw mate
rial, and the consuming public,
- ." t '
BECK MURDER GASL!
PROBE GONTIUES
I EXCITING
OKLAHOMA CITY, April 6. Va
rious phases of the. slaying of Lieut.
Col. Paul Ward Beck, in the home of
Jean P. Day developed today, county
officials declaring the investigation
of possible hidden angles of the trag
edy were being probed.
X-ray photographs settled the
question whether Beck was shot, as
fragments of a bullet were disclosed
in his head.
Coroner McWilliams announced he
had found bottles and sliced oranges
scattered about the room. Non-alco
holic apricot cordial was served at
the party.
SKETCHES OF THE
LIVINGT
WOODVILLE, Ohio, April 6.
William H, Sr., and Henry Bruns, 88
years of age, who claim the distinc
tion if being the oldest living twins
in the United States and who recent
ly celebrated their 88th birthday
here after being residents of this vil
lage for almost sixty years, give the
following recipe for longevity:
Hard work and plenty of it.
Tobacco taboo.
Don't worry or fret.
Smile at trouble.
Regular meals and sleep.
Live the Golden Rule. .
The biggest thing in life, they say,
is "keeping busy" and they have ac
cumulated a tidy fortune by doiing
it. A man without ambition is worst
than a man without a country, in
their opinion.
Neither twin has ever ridden in an
automobile, they said.
Starting in business in 1 S(4 in a
general store, William was on t he job
every day, except for an occasional
illness, until December 7, 1918, when
fire destroyed the establishment.
Henry was his clerk one year then
his partner, and then launched in
business for himself, building a grist
mill in 1865. In this business Henry
ako established a record for work,
being on the job continuously until
1921, when fire "retired him."
Since quitting the" store and mill
the twins have devoted, their time to
their extensive land holdings here,
visiting their farms almost daily and
"helping do the chores and other odd
and end jobs."
Born in Hanover, Germany, Feb.
4, 1834, the Bruns brothers came to
America at the age of 18 years.
Both are married and have family.
STORK MAKES TRIP EVERY
NINE MINUTES IN GOTHAM
NEW YORK, April 6. Every nine
minutes brand a new indignant citi
zen of New York who is ushered in
to the world, according to stork sta-
t
tistics. . ' . .
MILLION MEN JOBLESS UNLESS
SPEEDY DECISION IS REACHED
LONDON, April 6. Over a mil
lion men will be without jobs unless
a settlement is speedily reached by
the engineering and ship building in
dustries, according to" the American
Chamb'er of Commerce summary of
business conditions.
Lancaster cotton manufacturers
have served notice of a 5 per cent
reduction from their standard, price
list. ' . .v.',-
LD
'-. . COTTON MARKET
. Yesterday's ' Today's
Close. Open. Close.
May 17.91' 17.90 17.81
July 17-26 17.25 17.31
Oct. ........ 17.02 17.08 17.10
Dec. ........ 16.98 16.9S 17.03
Jan. ... 16.90 16.92 16.94
POSTOFFICE GEMSOR
OF LOVE LETTERS
JAL BIRDS
WILMINGTON,' Del., April 6,
Flirtations between men and
women prisoners in the New
castle county workhou33 have
reached such proportions that
Warden Plummer has establish
ed a jail postoffice a::d will cen- 1
sor love letters. , jj
BELGRADE, April 6. King Alex
anderis confine to his bed today. His
illness is not known.
11EJE1RIAL"
WASHINGTON, April 6. Unique
iln its conception and in its design is
the memorial which will be unveiled
in Arlington National Cemetery to
morrow oyer the final resting place
of R-.-ar Admiral Robert E. Peary,
discoverer of the North Pole. The
unveiling will be attended with ap
propriate ceremonies iin which Pres
ident Harding and Secretary Denby
have promised to participate.
The memorial consists of a huge
oblate spheroid of white Maine gran
ite, in proportion and in position like
the earth, resting on a massive gran
ite base. On the surface of the gran
ite globe are hewn the outlines of the
land and water masses of the earth's
surface. At its North Pole, tilted to
ward the north is a bronze star, tho
symbol of the achievement by which
Foary's name will ever be remember
ed in the mind of man.
The symbolic design of this monu
ment was conceived by Admiral Pea
ry during his last illness and sugges
tions for it were dictated to his wile,
herself an Arctic explorer and trav
eler of note, less than three weeks
before his death.
! .( u v. si ' '... :
j nite block, upon which rests the mass
is the latin motto "Inveniain Viam
Aut Faciam" (I will find a way or
make one), which was a favorite quo
tation of the explorer.
The unveiling will be performed
by the admiiral's daughter, Mrs. Ed
ward Stafford, who was marie Ahni
ghito Peary, and was known during
her childhood as the snow baby. She
was born nearer the polo than any
other white child.
UNION ORGANIZERS
WILL liADE HON
UNION FIELDS '
INDIANAPOLIS, Ind., April 6.
Plans for pressing work of organiz
ing non-union West Virginia miners
to support the nationwide coal strike
are being considered today in a con
ference by William Green, secretary ;v
and treasurer of the mine workers'
union, and Lawrence Dwyer, Beck
ley, W. Va., with members of the
union executive board.
Financial matters and the sending
of more union organizers into the
fields is understood to have been dis
cussed at the meeting.:
CHARLESTON, W. Va., April 8.
-The strike situation iin the south
ern districts- is becoming gradually
clearer, claims of the operators and'
miners being less conflicting.
The former maintain, however, the
daily tonnage is being held, while the
union chiefs report a steady acces
sion ti their ranks from the unor '
ganized miners.
80 ON HUNGER STRIKE.
LISBON, April 6. Eighty Syndi
calists go on a hunger strike today
against imprisonment. -
TO ADMIRAL PEARY