i ft .. t ft ft
Fair tcniU anJ Thurs-
day. Cooler tonight.
Moderate to fresh north
and northeast winds.
CIRCULATION
Tuesday
1,833 Copies
VOL. XII. FINAL EDITION
ELIZABETH CITY, NORTH CAROLINA. WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 18, 192S
FOUR PAGES
NO. 248
i
ft
EVOLUTION OF THE CALENDAR
IS ROMANCE OF LIFE OF MAN
Pyramids Were Huge Sun Dials, Claims Writer, And Many
Ancient Monuments Were For Telling Time And Season,
. Then There Were Bundles Of Sticks, And Stakes To Marl
Rising And Setting Sun, And So On Down The Years Tc
Present Time
Washington, Oct. 18 (By The As
sociated Press) Evolution of the
calendar, from the days when man
could count only from the day to day,
through the time when the lunar
month wag reckoned as a "year",
to the present time of an almost un
iversally used time counting sys
tem, Is a romance of the history of
man. Piercing together the few
known facts t of the calendar's life
story, scientists have found different
interpretations and uses for well
known facts and remains of early
life. t
For Instance, according to Moses
D. Cotsworth, writing in a recent
publication of the Pan American
Union, the well known Egyptian
pyramids were not erected by early
monarch of that realm as monu-
tombs for their bodies; but were
huge sun dials with the aid of which
the yearly procession of the equin
oxes was discovered and the calendar
devised.
The pyramids were iconstructed
by mathematicians and astronomers,
Mr. Cotsworth holds. The size,
height and slopes of each being de
termined to aid astronomy. Each
of the piles in lower Egypt was built
at a different period, until the last
was found to be the more nearly per
fect for studying the sun and stars
on the .meridian of Egypt. Not un
til each was abandoned for a better,
he claims, was a pyramid given over
to the uses of a royal tomb.
The pyramidal form. In conjunct
ion with the obelisk, was devised to
:
cast a shadow of sufficient snarp
ness to be measure'd and analysed
day Iby day. The wonderful Wash
ington, at Washington, D. C, which
shadow measurements found to be
constructed perfectly from base to
i. ' ... V II tr ftlto fnrm nf
tne Egyptian odbubk, is iuu ms",
he found to cast a shadow useful for
aplar measurements. The blending
of the sun's rays around the top, at
that distance, blurs the Bhadow.
However, he declared, . the shadow
was used tor certain measurements
which prove that September 23 and
not the 21st Is the day of the fall
-equinox.
v The pyramid was the result of the
Egyptians' efforts to get a sufficient
ly long shadow to measure ths
months and years more accurately,
and along its sides the early astron
omer gazed to mark the movements
of the stars and planets.
Stohehenge, an ancient monolithic
ruin in England, attributed to the
Druids, was another mechanical
means of determining solar and lunar
movements, it was said, as was the
purpose also of several other sim
ilar ancient stone constructions in
yarious parts of the world.
- The primary reason for the cal
endar in early days was the need of
knowing when to sow and reap, how
to handle cattle and to determine
other propitious days. All peoples,
it is supposed, used the periods of
the moon as their longest time
space, but this was varied "and un
equal through the year. Noah, It
was said, adopted the early Egyp
tian calendar of a fivo month year,
30 days to the month and three ten
day weeks, as a better way to ration
the tribal supplies.
Bundles of small sticks were the
first known means of actually keep-
lng track of the passage of days. nd more tillalble land was available it
even today some American Indians I was up to them to Increase the yield
keep five bundles of 30 sticks, pull- of their lands by Intensive and care
ing out one stick each day. The last fui farming. It was then necessary
bundle Is repeated in each half year to know Just exactly when to sow and
to even things up, and the middle) when to reap, and such intensive
bundle Is split In two equal groups crops could only be developed by lo
to determine the approach of mid- j eating the precise points in the sea
summer and mid-winter days. In Bon8
h Fill Islands the "moon Stick"! Prerise Vnowlerltre denpnHAd nnnn
was used, on which a notch marked
the waning of each moon.
The Hebrews evolved a six month
year when Jacdb et out stakes from
central position In a line to the
torlzon to mark where the sun rose
and set on the longest, shortest and
median day of the year. The ex
treme ages given to early Bible
worthies were attributed to counting
"moons" s years and later five and
six months as full years.
One of the means used by the
early priesthoods, to Impress the
masses, It was explained, was the
secrecy attending the determining of
the seasons and years. Sacred rods
used to measure the shadows by
which the time of year was determ
ined, were Jealously guarded, and
when, on the set date, the priests
measured out on the ground the
lengths of the shadows, the ceremony
te ParadG
Of Bad
Demand For" Roll Call
f ollows Viva Voce
Vote Endorsing Fur
ther Fight For Bonus
New Orleans,
The Associated
Oct. 18 (By
Press) The
American Legion, following a
, . , , . jj
through miles of narrow stone
paved streets along the tortu-
m iiri r It
fous course or Vieux uarre
i
khen down the broad
con-
' course of Canal street. Over
thirty thousand Legionnaires
"fell in" for the parade, all ap
parently full of pep in their
regular spirit of "rearing to
go.
A demand for a roll call that
the "world may know where we
stand on the Ibonus question" follow
ed a viva voce vote affirming the re
port of the resolutions committee
which declared that the Legion will
"continue to fight for this legislation
.m i. : . ,1 Un l.iu. "
until it is enacted into the laws.
Kenesaw M. Landis, commissioner
of baseball, and avowed friend of
the service men, told the Legion
naires today that their stand on ad
Justed compensation was based on
Justice. -
was accompanied by great show.
Today, in Borneo, expert calen
dar makers among the Dyaks have
secret measuring poles. They travel
over the country setting up measur
ing rods and setting in the ground
pegs at certain distances by the se
cret rods. They tell the farmers to
plant, cultivate or reap when the
pole's shadow touches certain pegs
in the middle of the day. At the
end of the harvest they return and
gather the tithes of the crops which
are their fees.
So accurate were the measure
ments of th early Egyptian astron
omers, according to the writer, that
they were able to determine to the
third decimal point the exact length
of the year, which they set at
365.242 days.
The
BIGG
famous Egyptian Sphinx lsmoHla,0. th9t Bn ftnnnrtlin,,v hn
neither a monument nor a tomb, Mr.ated Bt wh,ch vlgcount Takaha8hl,
Cotsworth declares, but was design-j dent of tne t meet
ed and built primarily as anoiner
astronomical instrument by which
the sunrise and setting points of
spring, summer and winter were
fixed. That measurement was not so
accurate as the observation of the
noon day shadow, so was abandon
ed in favor of the latter.
According to Mr. Cotsworth's the
ory, the early Egyptians were faced
with the need of maintaining and in
creasing their population to ward off
invasion by the Assyrians on the
north and the Ethiopians on the
south. To do so they had to
in-
crease their food supplies. As no
study of the sun, and as the EgyKiwho la a t,tl,(,ent Greensboro Col,
tlans had neither telescope nor sun!leKe tor Women'
glass observation of shadows was! Miss Catherine Myers of Raleigh,
! developed. To have better shadows State uPprvIsnK nurse for the Red
the pyramid was gradually evolved ! Cro8s- Rp,nt last Thursday and Fri-
as a huge sun dfal, and the need wa8,aay ln "ertioro in rurtherlng plans
fulfilled. Three crops of certain!10 secure a public health nurse for
grains are still harvested In Egypt. I Perquimans County. The Red Cross
In Central and South America the,'8 affiliated with the State Board of
Aztecs, Mayas and other early civ-1 Health. On Thursday evening ln
ligations also devised calendars, j tne Chamber of Commerce Hall Miss
such as the Aztec calendar stone now; Myers nlpt with a special committee
ln the museum at Mexico City. Be
ing so much closer to the equator
than the Egyptians, the latter's form
of pyramid observatory was Impos
sible because an Increased angle of
slope would be necessary and this
was impossible to build then. Their
open step pyramids, then, were only
capable of determining the year's
length to the 365th day and not the
fraction of the 366th.
Political Crisis
LVjy Defer Meet
London, Oct. 18 (By
The Associated Press)
Allied closely to the min
isterial crisis here, and
that impending in Italy, is
the question of a general
Near Eastern peace con
ference, which it is feared
must be postponed until
the situation in London
and Rome is settled.
V7AMT SUPPRESSION
OFCMiSIAIITIMSK;
Athens, Oct. IS (Hy The Associ
ated Press) Not only the removal
of Ki.:g Constantlne, but total sup
press un of Cons.tantinism was the
basis of tb"; object of the Greek
revolution, is declared in a proclam
ation issued by the revolutionary
committee today which calls for
prompt and severe punishment of
those responsible for disaster to the
Gree. Army in Asia Minor.
Evangelist Jailbreaker
And Mates Recaptured
Los. Angeles, Oct. 18 (By The As
sociated Press) Herbert Wilson,
former evangelist convicted of the
murder of his pal, Herbert Cox, and'
the two other Jail breakers who es-j
caped from the county Jail yester-;
day, were recaptured today after)
they had enjoyed 24 hours liberty. J
The two other prisoners were !
Adam Blaszyk, convicted murderer.'
and Guido Spignola, robber. j
Wilson, known by police and Fed
eral officers as a master criminal, is
also a mail robber. He was caught
by Federal authorities after having
been involved in mail robberies ag
gregating a million dollars.
JAPS SEEK HEAL SPLIT
IN THE SEIYIKAJ PARTY
Toklo, Oct. 18 (By The Associated
Press) The Selyukal party which
has a majority In the Diet, and upon
which the Kato cabinet looks to Its
support, Is making an effort to close
its ranks, split when Viscount Taka
hashi was compelled to hand over
the premiership to Baron Kato. The
friends of Tokugoro, Nakahashl and
Hajime Motoda, former ministers,
who were expelled from the party
because of their refusal to, resign
their portfolios when requested by
Viscount TakahashI, are agitating
for their reinstatement. Their re
instatement would cause other de
fections, observers believe.
Three plans have been proposed:
lhat PrlnrA fiatnnli ho TftviupntpH to
- president or tne party, may
! Nakahoshl and Motoda to conduct
i friendly conversation, and that the
occasion of the first anniversary of
i the dpath of the late Premier Hara
November 4 be utilized for re-estab-l
lishing friendship Ibetween the party
I members and the disqualified ones,
j The Kokumin, a militarist organ,
' not too friendly to the government
notes what it terms "cooling rela
; tions between the cabinet and the
Eiyukai."
I HERTFORD BRIEFS
! Hertford, Oct. 16. Mrs. Tom
, Higgs and children went to Elizabeth
City last Friday to attend the Dis
; trict Fair.
Walter Oakey, Jr., attended the
(District Fair at Elizabeth City last
Friday.
T. S. White returned home last
j week from a trip to Greensboro.
While in the city he visited his
! daughter, Miss Sue Frank White,
and a group of other Interested citi
zens to discuss the possibilities and
settle on some definite plan of ac
tion. Those present were: Dr. C.
E. Newiby, T. M. Grant, N. S. Monds,
J. R. Jarvis, T. J. Nixon, Jr., Simon
Rutenberg, Charles Whedbee, E. W.
Joyper and B. L. Rhodes. Miss My
ers outlined plans for health work
and the committee is now working
out plans to finance the project.
EXHIBIT IS TO BE ;
MADE PERMANENT
Made-In-Elizabeth City;
Booth At Fair In-j
stalled In Chamber!
Commerce Rooms I
So much favorable attention and J
comment was attracted by the made-j
in-Elizabeth City exhibit at the Al-i
bemarle District Fair last week that
it has been decided to make such an
exposition a permanent feat are in
the Chamber of Commerce binding.
The exhibit, of course, will not be
so large or complete as that put on
at the Fair, owing to the limited
amount of space at the Chamber's
command; but it will have practical
ly the rame range, representing the
same or even a hrger number of
manufacturers. Products too large
or unwieldly to be exhibited in cases
in which miniature models are not
obtainable, will 'be represented In
photographs.
The exhibit will be placed in the
southeast corner of the rest-room In
the Chamber of Commerce building
and Secretary Job Is much pleased
at the prospect of co-operation on the
part of Elizabeth City manufactur
ers in his effort to make It of most
possible credit to Elizabeth City.
Exploiting Farmer
Destroys Agriculture
Hpi'iikor At Chicago Veot Of Farm
Implement Manufactures Cites
Warning Of Egypt
Chicago, Oct. 18. (By The Asso
ciated Press) Present day methods
of dealing with the farmer point in
the same direction as those which
caused the decay of Egypt's early ag
ricultural industry, J. B. Bartholo
mew of -Peoria, 111., warned today In
his address before the annual con
vention here of the National Associa
tion' of Farm Equipment Manufact
urers. '
The ancient Egyptians had estab
lished (agriculture on a profitable ba
sis and reduced H to a science almost
3,000 years ago, he said, and then
allowed their worle" to lapse because
it was made unprofitable.
"They learned the different char
acter of soils that could best be used
to raise the various kinds of crops,"
Mr. Bartholomew said. "They em
ployed a system of crop rotation to
maintain the fertility of the soil and
It Is said that they used agricultural
Implements and made Improvements
on them from time to time.
"They established a system of
drainage and irrigation. They pros
pered until the so-oalled Barlbarian
period when those who were consid
ered superior or above them saw fit
to take from their stores all they had
leaving the farmer only enough for
bare necessities.
"We now are treating the farmer
a little more gentlemanly and a lit
tle more businesslike than he was
treated during the Barbarian days
but Secretary Wallace of the depart
ment of agriculture lately sounded
the warning and outlined what Is
likely to happen should the Ameri
can farmer become Indifferent and
cease to produce under the present
system.
"The big problem involved must
be solved along two lines and while
one is transportation, the big thing
is a financial plan to enable the for
eign countries where modern farm
Implements and methods are needed
to obtain them from the United
States and other countries where
they may be procured."
Awaiting Results
Unionist faceting
London, Oct. 18 (By The Associ
ated Press) The British political
fever has reached its height, and
there Is every Indication that the
maximum temperature will be main
tained for some days. Everybody Is
guessing when the crisis will pass.
The future remains obscure pending
tomorrow's Unionist meeting, which
Is expected to give the key to the
problem.
Prcb Destruction
Of Amy Dirigibb
San Antonio, Texas, Oct. 18' (By
The Associated Press) A board of
Inquiry began today an investigation
t.o determine the cause of the explo
sion which destroyed the rmy dirig
ible C-2 as she was starting a flight
over the city with eleven passengers
yesterday.
MEASE OF KENT'S 1
I i
t yi 4
"
Leon Gershonovitch, father of
Morris Gest, New York theatrical
producer, has Anally been given per
mission to leave Soviet Russia. "The
American Relief Administration no
tified the producer that it had re
ceived a cablegram addressed to him
in which It was stated that both his
father and mother would be per
mitted to leave Odessa in about three
weeks. Mr. Gest had been trying for
five years to obtain their release.
The photo of Gershonovitch was
taken by the American Relief Ad
ministration in Odessa recently.
Decline To Permit
Turkish Celebration
Constantinople, Oct. 18 (By The
Associated Press) British authori
ties, in the interest of public safety,
have declined to permit Turkish Na
tionalest gendarmerie to march
through Constantinople as planned.
There is keen disappointment for the
exuberant Turkish population had
made preparations on a vast scale to
welcome the Kemalists.
STRICKEN REFUGEES
FLOCK TO nODOSTO
Rodosto, Thrace. Oct. 18 (By The
Associated Press )Th Is town has
become the Jumping off place In the
Greek evacuation of Eastern Thrace.
Twenty-eight thousand panic-stricken
refugees are here, all dominated
by the same fear of the Turk that
swayed the refugee crowds In Smyr
na three weeks ago.
ONLY ACTUAL WORKERS
MAY VOTE IN RUSSIA
Moscow, Oct. 18 (By The Associ
ated Press) In elections of dele
gates to the village, provincial and
government Soviets proceeding
throughout Russia this month, a
large percentage of the Russians
who, in previous years of the revo
lution, were entitled to vote, are now
deprived of the ballot because.
since the resumption of free trade,
they have become "exploltors of
labor."
The Soviet Russian constitution
confines the right of the ballot to ac
tual workers whether with hand or
brain; to peasants and to soldiers.
Many of those now "in trade" were,
until this year, of, necessity in these
preferred classes.
The government has Issued strict
Instructions to election officials that
the following persons must 'be pre
vented from voting in this year's
elections:
"Persons who employ hired labor
for the purposes of profit; persons
who live on unearned increment:
private dealers, traders and com
mercial agents clergymen, monks,1
and all employes of religious cults."!
School Children
Are Killed Dy Train
Vlcksburg, Miss., Oct. 18 (By The
Associated Press) The bodies of six
school children and the truckdriver,
killed late yecterday near Bovlna,
Miss., while returning from school,
when a train hit the school truck,
were buried today. The nine other
children injured are expected .to re
cover. IU IM.ESH-SIMOMW
Grimn B. Burgess of Old Trap and
Mrs. Carrie Slmonds of (his city
were married here Tuesday morn
ing at Dr. T. 8. McMullan's offlce at
11:30 o'clock by Rev. E. F. Sawyer.
The ceremony was witnessed by Miss
Anna DeLon, Dr. T. S. McMullan ani
I. H. LeRoy, Jr.
OBTAINS RELEASE OF KENT'S
W ft I'M
& I 1 1 1
V..-. J:
fcL
M RM H
i Forbid Kemalist Gen
darmerie Who Are
Destined For Thrace
To Enter Constant
inople Constantinople, Oct. 18 (By
I The Associated Press) The
! Ill1 J . 1 . 1
Aiuea missions toaay reacnea
I an unanimous decision forbid
1 j: u v t:. i
merie destined for Thrace to
enter Constantinople.
The British navy has been
ordered to stop all vessels
(bearing lurkish .Nationalists.
President Elliot Wants
More Religion Taught
Cambridge, Mass., Oct. 18 (By The
Associated Press) The most neces
sary change in American popular
education Is the introduction into all
pulblic schools of religious instruc
tion and ethical Instruction, Charles
W. Eliot, president emeritus of Har
vard University, said In his address
here today.
Liars Speak Truth
In Twilight Sleep
Hot Springs. Ark., Oct. 18 (By The
Associated Press) Criminals can be
forced to tell the truth regarding
their offenses while under the influ
ence of "twilight sleep," according ta
Dr. E. E. House, of Ferris, Texas,
who has aBked the endorsement of
the Southwest Medical Association
ior a proposed experiment on a
thousand prisoners at Leavenworth,
Kansas, penitentiary to demonstrate
his theory.
VAI1TS TO REFORM'
POLISH CURRENCY
Warsaw, Poland, Oct. 18 (By The
Associated Press) A complete re
form In the existing finances of Po
land has been announced by Finance
Minister Jastrzebski.
His program includes a monetary
readjustment to be effected ln from
three to five years. Also he would
increase and simplify taxation. The
time has arrived, M. Jastrzebski de
clares, for the establishment of a Po
lish national currency. The unit Is
to be the zloty. The treasury has at
Its disposal 100,000,000 gold francs
for this purpose, and also 150,000,-,
000 gold francs for Industrial aid.
The minister's tax program In
volves a general increase in taxes.
particularly land taxes, which he
proposes to increase 20 times. "" "
Despite the many difficulties which
the nation has faced, Industry has
been successfully revived and is now
buoyant. Although the printing of
money resulted In depreciation, It
nevertheless made possible the award
of credits to manufacturers and ag
riculturalists, and it permitted state
aid In the matter of tariffs and rates
for the benefit of the poorer classes.
It now remains necessary only to
establish gradually a gold secured
currency, and this the state now is
In a position to do.
IV POLICE COURT
In police court Wednesday morn
ing Dennis Gaskins, Paul Miller and
Perry Johnson were found guilty of
-ngaging In a game of chance and
were fined $5.00 and costs.
Inve:tigste Hcfjiicry
Reported By Srlespcn
Chicago, Oct. 18 (By The Associ
ated Press) Max Moser, New York
Jewelry salesman, who told the po
lice he had been robbed of three
hundred thousand dollars worth of
unset diamonds, was questioned to
day at a detective bureau, where he
is held while police Investigate his
story.
W. G. Pool has returned from a
trip through the central part of th
State, accompanied by his grand
nephew, Kent Overman, of Golds
boro, who Is visiting his grand
mother, Mrs.' J, P. Overman.