Coolidge Foreign Policy
One Of Watchful Waiting
Though President Anxious to Willi ICuro
pean Nations Looking Toward Krdir lion Arma
inputs Believe* Nothing Possible Noh
Bv DAVID UWRRXC9
ir*??fi?ht. m<. By Th? A4.IIMI
Washington, Sept. 11. ? President Coolidge is as anxious
that something practical be done to limit further the arma
ments of the principal powers of the world ns are tlie spokes
men of governments who recently met in the Assembly of
the League of Nations at Geneva.
Mr: Coolidtfo lias no idea
that the suggestion he made
in his recent speech; namely,
that he would convoke a con
ference 011 armaments, will in
any way conflict with the
plan made at Geneva for a
conference of powers.
The Geneva institution in to ap
point a commission |o study the'
armament question and feel out
the viewpoint of the powers with
respect to a plan to bo presented
to them In an international con
fprrncp. America 1h dorply Inter
?ntfd In all plaus which will re
duce tho cost of armaments. The
policy of the United State* Gov
ernment; fiUwcrer, la based \ipon
a belief that a move In the dlrec- j
tlon of an International confer
ence will come with better chance
of success when Europe has had
an opportunity to digest the
l)awea report and to put It Into
actual operation.
Mr. Coo I id go has not forgotten
that in the Washington confer-,
? uce for the limitation of arma
ments an effort was mud'- to briug
up the subject of the size of arm
ies and land military establish
ment. The^ sptfech of Mr. Jlriand
"iii'wlilch he pointed out that
France felt herself In constant
Jeopardy and could not at that
time discuss land armaments still
has its ImpresBion Indelibly writ
ten in the minds of officials here.
In other words, It was uselens
then to ask Krance to reducc her
armaments because the latter was
constantly thlnktog of the situa
tion In connection with repara
? lons and. of course, har own na
tional security as affected by the
'controversies growing out of tin
Treaty of Versailles. In such a
mood and In such a temper, ef
fort* to convoke an international
conferenc ? were not regarded as
likely to succeed.
Ilut when the United States
Government will assume the Inl- ?
tlatlve in convening an Interna
tional conference must for the
moment be left open. Certainly
nothing will be done during the
present political campaign as such
n move might be misconstrued
both abroad and In this country.
When the smoke of the campaign
has cleared away, the President
feels, It *.v|ll be time enough to ex
amine whether the operation of
the > Dawes report has brought
about a different state of mind in
Europe with respect to armament
conferences. Meanwhile. the
Lennue of Nations with Its com
mission of inquiry will be study
ing the subject and much more
will be known about the attitude
of other countries than Is known
today. Thus far. the only com
mitment mnde from Geneva has
been for the principle of further ?
^reduction of armaments and a
method of arbitration but there Is
always a practical difficulty when
It comes to applying the principle
In a definite treaty form.
It would not he surprising If.
nfUr all, the attitude of the for
eign governments would develop
concretely what could be accom
plished In an international con
f. rence If It were held, so that the
chance of succeeding would be
k neyrn far In iflfSnte. WTilln
much was accomplished at the
\f ushlnRlon conference thst was'
a surprise to the general public,
there In no doubt thst the main
idea back of tin- Washington con
ference was fully discussed by the
powers before they sent their
plenipotentiaries to Wsahlngton
and that there was substantial
agreement before the conference
actually met.
In other words, diplomacy I*
constantly trying to discover a
common ground on all moot ques
tions and there Is no doubt that
the subject of military weapons
and s conference to codify Inter
national law will be given atten
tion an the Coolldge administra
tion proceeds with Its foreign
policy.
Just now, the administration
feels quite confident that Ihe^
Pn we* plan will take s good deal
of Mine and concerted thought to
op rate successfully and that Its!
f varied processes are the best an
f,w< r thst csn be made as to the
attitude of the Itepubllcan party
towsrd questions overseas. In
deed. If It were not for the Dawes
plan, the Republican administra
tion might eonaldar Itself on the
defensive because the unsettled
condition of sffalrs of abroad
would have provoked constant In
quiry as to" the American plan for
solution. With a plsn adopted by
all the interested parties. It Is felt
there is nothing mora the I'nlted
States could do for Europe even .
If H were s member of the League
of Nations. The working ont of
the Dawea plan must be awaited
before thf next atepa can be tak
Fights Rebels
Till' is (iciifriil \\ u I VI I* o, military
dictator of (lie Ivklntr government.
Who I* leading the fluht on the
L'hcklung rebel army.
TOM COOPER ENTERS
PLEA OK GUILTY
Wilmington. Sept. 12. ? Thom
as E. Cooper and J. C. Ruark.
president and cashier respective!/ i
of the defunct Liberty Havings
Bank. yesterday pleaded guilty t<" '
several charges of misdemeanor |
and felony and violations of th
Slate bun king laws In coniioctloi*
with th?* bank's failure. Their M i
tence will be passed at 2: HO this
afternoon.
MANUAL LABQR NOW
FOR BOY MURDERERS
Jollett. Illinois. Sept. 12. At
ler their first night in prison a pen:
in the "court solitary" where all
prisoners must spend their first
night In the penitentiary. Dickie
LOeh and liuip Leopold "dressed
Jn" last nig.it as prisoners numbers ;
9.30S and 9.306 and faced tbei"
lint day of Imprisonment for the
murder of Robert Franks.
Having forfeited their life of
ease for the routine scheduled fo^"
all lifers, the prisoners will toon
begin manual labor In one of th??
prison factories.
Jollet, III.. Sept. 12.-- Nathnf:
Leopold. Jr.. and Richard T^oeb
ontered the penitentiary lan
night for life to expiate th.'-mur
der of Rob rt Franks.
I NsEKN IIAM>S" IS
TODAY'S ATTRACTION
With Wallace Beefy as the star.
"Unseen Hands" Is the attractfou
at the Alkrama today. It Ih adap
ted from an original story by Wal
ker Coleman (Jrnves, Jr., and tells
the story of a man who fell !u
love with a beautiful woman and
In order to ply love without any
interruption, causes her husband
to die when he turns off the elec
tric lights during an operation
that would have saved his life.
The scene* open in Northern
France and then shift to the I nit
ed Stales, with some exciting cli
maxes taking place In an old Span
ish rancho in Arizona, in the
cast appear Joseph Dowllng. Foii
taifio La Rue, Cleo Madison. Jack
Rollins and Jamie Orcy, Jacques
Jaccard directed the picture.
.MI'rtH TKItM llEfilNS
HKI1HMIIICK M FT E K.N Til
I'rner O. Davis announces that
those who wish lo study music
with him the coming term should
register at his studio, corner Road
and Fearing streets, Saturday
September 1.1. between the hourr
of II and 12. Mr. DmvIm will in
struct In piano, violin, mandolin
banjo-mandolin, brass Instruments
and also pipe organ by speclnl ar
rangement
en. And It will be long after flec
tion before It can lie determined
whether the t>awes plsn Is n suc
cess or a lallurf.
No new developments may.
therefore, be expected in connec
tion with the forelsn policy of the
sdmlnlstrstion whlrh might be a
factor In the national political
campaign. The administration's
foreign policy will bo attacked, of
course, but President Cool Id ge Is
confident that with th?- gradual ,
Improvement of conditions In Eur
ope lie will get the benefit of pub
lic reaction rather than a resent
ment vote, for he does not eonsld
er the las tie sufficiently sfut* to j
excite the populace on thin side |
of the Atlantic.
CHANGES IN LAW
FOR CHILD LABOR
Attention < ailed to Matter
us School Open* So That
Employer* and Children
May Act Accordingly.
The County Welfare officer
call" the attention of employers
and to boys ar.d girls to chansea
imide tn tht State child labor law |
ul tiic wwnl wMloii "( llw t ,vu" '
,ral Aaacuibly. School la open
ing now and bo>s and glrla are ,
planning to work atter achool and
on Saturday?. Before doing ho.
they flhould note these changes, as- ,
c.rtaln what steps are necessary
to permit them to work, and
whether they will he allowed to
do so or not. :
It must be borne In mind that
the welfare officer did not pass
thcBe laws and that It la not a'
personal matter In which she pur
posely trlea to work hardships,
but that she is appointed by the 1
State to enforce the law or to re
port violations.
There are three Important
changes, as follows: Section 5032
which formerly read "No girl un
der the ago of 14 years, etc .
now reads, "No child" and in
cludes boys as well as girls. The
section iu full follows:
"Sec. 5032. Employment of:
children under 14 regulated. No'
child under the ace cf 14 years
shall be employed or permitted to
work in or about or In connection
with any mill, factory, cannery,
workshop, or manufacturing es
tablishment. No child under the
age of 14 years shall be employed,
or permitted to work. In or about
or in connection with any laun
dry bakery, mercantile establish
ment. office, hotel, restaurant,
barber shop, bootblack stand,
public stable, garage, place of
amusement, brick yard. *u?nJ>*r :
yard, or any messenger or denv
ery service, public work*, u! irnT"
form of street trsdes. except In
cas?ir and under regulations pre
scribed by the Commission herein
created, provided the employ
tnents In this section enumerated
shall not be construed to Include |
bona flde boys* and girls* canning
clubs recognized by the Agricul
tural Department of this State, or
, vocational tralstair Causes auftnr
Ized by the State Hoard of Edu
cation. and such canning clubs
and vocational classes are hereby
expressly exempted from the pro
visions of Ihls article.".
Another Important change Is In
Section 5033 where the age limit
Is raised from 14 to 16 year?. This
section now reads as follows:
"Sec 5033. Prohibited em
ployments of children under 16.1
No person under 16 years of
shall be employed, or permitted
to work, at night In any of the
places or occupations referred to
In the flrst preceding section, be
Iwe-n the hours of 9 p. in. and six
a. m.. and no person under ir.
years of ag. shall be employed or
permitted to work In or about or
in connection with any quarry or
mine, nor shall any child under
the age of 16 years be employed
except In rases snd under regula
tions prescribed by the Commls
?Inn herein created, when (1>
such child haa symptoma of dis
ease contributory to retardation
or disability; or <?1 when deter
mined by physical "J?'""0.1'
that employment of such child la
Injurious to Ha health, or U>
employed when surrounding con
ditions sre Injurious to Its mor
uls; or <4> employed when dan
gorous employment hatards are
"'section 5034 In regard to age
certlAcates formerly contained the |
clause. ' Whose aci' l? undeter- ,
mined" which allowed a loophole |
through which many chl'dren
were allowed to work This s*c
?on |, now definitely "under the
of 16 years, and In full It
""^s" " 5034. arc certllicetSs
No child under the age ot 1<
year, shall he employed In '"!' "
?he ways enumerated In thla act
unleaa at the time of auch em
ployment the employer shall in
M.od faith procure, rely ">">!>'''* |
place on 111... a certificate leaned
In such form and under
dltlons and by auch person! ?s ?w
said Commission herein provided |
fur shall prescribe, showing that
\Z person^ t. Of legal ??' 'or auch
employment, snd the laws and
rules msde by the HUt Cb"
Welfare Commission undt r an
thbrlty Of thla act have been com
piled Willi. The possession of
such certificate liy an employer
shall be prima facie evidence that
he has compiled with the require
ments and obligations of thla act
when employing auch
1 person shall knowingly ??*?*.
false statement or preaent falsi
evidence 1.1 or In relation to any
auch certificate or application
therefor or cauae any false state
mont to be made which may re- 1
suit In the Issuance of an Improp
er certificate of employment.
The purpose of the law la Bet
forth hy Ihe State Child Welfaro
Commission as follows:
"The Commission feels that It }
should call the attention P""
ent?. public officer?, ministers,
educator? aoclsl workers, snd
thinkers, and tha public general
ly to the fact that the l^glatatura
Intended thla act to be a uieasur.
for child welfare and to solicit
the aid and cooperation of all in
i securing the henettcl.nt purpoeel
Intended. To tbtl e?d It I* W?
In War-Torn China
China may be out of dato In some reapcrt!*. but military warfare la rm
occupation that Chinese do not pattern after their unoentor*. The picture
?hows a modern fleldpiece. part of the modern military equipment em
ployed by the force* row bcfraRueriuc Shancha!.
CIIE KIANG FORCES
"CAPTURE A TOWN
<tl> Tli?" AkVltM I'rrul
^ Shanghai. Sept. 12. ? The Che
Kiang forces defending Shanghai
operating from the west of the ci
ty have captured the town of fil
ing. compelling the Kangsu army
!n that sector to fall bark toward
Changchow.
ACKNOWLEDGES HIS
DEFEAT BY BLEASE
Columbia. S. C., 8ept. 12. ? -
Coleman LivingHton Kinase, twit*
governor and conceded to he tho
most picturesque political leader
flnce Ben Tillman, will be tbo
Junior senator from South Caro
lina for the next Mix years.
Representative Byrnes today Is
sued u statement accepting I. is
defeat in the Democratic run-cTf
primary of Tuesday in which, ac
cording - to -"liirna li
polled 2,314 votes lets . than
Uease out of the total of 198. Ouc
tabulated.
?ary to make every poaaUilA effort
to provide wholesome condition*
of environment for children
while not in school or employed.
Such environment muat depend*
upon better home Influences, more
parental thought and tare, and
more public co-operation In the
way of playgrounds and other
wholesome recreation. It in at ill
true that an Idle brain la th#? dev
il's workshop.' and javenilo delin
quency arises In nearly all canes
from idleness or lack of proper
direction of youthful energy."
JUMPS TO DEATH
FROM HOTEL KOOM
i -New York. Sept. 12. ? Mrs.
Maude lligby. forty two years old.
wife of th? mayor of Ormou.l
Beach. Florida, Jumped to death
from her room on the seventeenth
floor of the Heimont Hotel her
today.
Mrs, lligby had come to
York for treatment for u nervou ;
.Mines.-. lur huahand .said
HAND1TS HOLD III"
BltONX JEWEI.EK
N'ew York. Sept. 12 ? Thre.?
bandits today held up lr\in Huron.
Jeweler, iti his Bronx store and af
ter forcing hint to open the itaf ?.
lesc.i|M-d wiih unset diamond...
watches and rings valued at $10,
000.
TWO KILLED WHEN
? rrraooN-Hf ts tokh*
! Tokio. Sept. 12. ? Twenty per
sons wero killed today when a ty
phoon ftwept tho soiit hr ;iHt< ; 'i
roast of Japnn. Several othc rs arc
missing in fishing boats caught
in the typhoon at sen.
meningitis h \<;ks
THRUOUT JAPAN
Tokia, Sept. 12. ? Tho m.-nlngl
t Is epidemic now sweeping Jnpnu
has reunited in 2.6:;6 deaths. ;i
cording to government report
made public today. The opidem:.
is subsiding.
Ancientlndian Ceremonies
Being Observed In Public
Kill** Once Zealously Guarded from Eye* of I'alr Fare*
Now Practiced I > y Indians of Smilliwivt
While Whiles Look on in Awe
l?> IIK.XKY II. IIAKKIt
|?34. TIM A?ra>Ml
uaTTupr n. M., Sept. 12. Once J
more covered wagons are creak
ing ocronu ? the desert, whips
cracking over teams white with
alkali, an the last scores of cara
vans Join those already camped
about thin city. But thin Ik no
mimic cavalcado posing before
movie cameras. The group* 1 *
th?- prairie schooners, the dusty
riders on their plodding ponies
and the Agures that move up and
down the picket lines where more ,
than a thousand hfrses will soon
be tethered, are serious folk,
gathered for a serloua purpose.
Nor are they a new set of pion
eer*. They ore descendants of the
red inan, who were once the white
Minn's enemy, now answering the
white man's call to take part In
the great Inter-tribal Indian cere
monials held Wednesday, Thurn
day and Friday.
Hopls from painted desert, 7. u
nls from the land of the Inscrip
tion rocks. Nevajos from th<
bridge ef the rainbow, Pueblos
and Isletas from the adobe vllr
lages and others fr#m the sur
rounding plains and hl1li>? repre
sentatives of 14 different and a?
one time highly uncongenlsl
tribes of red men are gathering
to perform, wlthont remunim
tlon, their most sacred rites of
prayer and worship, propitiation
and benediction, long Jealously
guarded from alien eyes Here,
on the ancient trails of their an
cestora who camped besides these
fame mesas and In these arroyos
when Home was young they will
perform the ancient rites, some of '
them said to be little changed
from the days wh? n the Innd was
theirs.
The gathering here at the cor
ner* of four states, roughly the
center of a circle enclosing the
n ?w shrunken domain of the In
dians of the Houthwest, Is unl'iix
quite aside from its barbaric col
oring. It Is unique in that It
reems to present the successful
result cf an altruistic effort which
has been met -without suspicion
and Is working for the mutual
good of the while investigators
and the Indteaa. Jt was started
by ? small grasp of artists, writ- >
?r? and boats is i mm\ with t He
idea of promoting the welfare of
the Indian by encouraging the ac
tivities which make him self-sup
porting and likewise helping
maintain IiIh Better I radii Inns
which have psychological value to
hlin, It is Hiiid. as well an a prac
tical benefit, Commercialism has
been kept out.
It Is predicted that this year
will hw the 2.O00 participants of
last year supplemented by many
more, for the Ion* and patient ef
fort* of the promoters In per
HiiadlnK the Indian to perform bin
sacred ' ceremonies In public h
having Its effect. Many of the
educated Indians, all of whom
still look whh respect. If not with
piety, on tEeff tribal customs,
were at first loath to encourage
publicity for the sacred old danc
es. However, the demonstration
of good faith on the part of th*
white men and the obvious |)enc*
(Its Mint have accrued have won
even the conservatives over.
Most of the Indian dances are
so vitally bound up with the very
existence of the peoplo- -especial
ly those connected with propitiat
ing the gods of Cfoud and Thun
der In a country wher?- rain Is
scarce ? that It la natural that
they are serious sffsirs. (tut ob
servers ssy that In making them
public the Indian has lost none of
Ills sincerity. He blesses his
house In impressive pantonilne.
Invokes the Thund< r bird, and
propitiates the dieties of seed
time and harvest so that the most
casual of tourists cannot fall to
be Improsxiri
In all the natural huh-ub si
ways surrounding such an event
there is a matter of fact serious
ness displayed by the white popu
lation as well as - by the Indians
who have already arrived, some
of them altpr long treks across
the desert, that robs the occasion
of any of the atmosphere of a
wild west shoy The natural sur
roundings, th? dignified hearing
of the red hien and whole atmos
phere of the place adds to the 1m
pretalvenes* of the occaslt n
nut .lha red m*?n. by his very
nowhere, makes the average pale
face glad tha* the pea re ptp end
not the tomahawk la the symbol
i of dsy.
HOOD PROMOTES
BIG CORPORATION
(^uarlrr Million Dollar*
Will lit- Authorized < a pi
tul of Industrial Bank
Finanrui): Company
Goldsboro, Sept. 12. ? Gurue)
P. 1 1 oo?l is organizing a large cor
poration to Ik* known as The
Hood Klnanro Corporation with
Ji e ail q unrters n t_ G * ? I dsboro. Th*
general purposes of the corpora
Hon will ho to' organTso Industrial
hanking systems, to acquire stock
In Industrial hanks and re-illa
i'ouut papers for industrial banki.
The corporation will have an
t?r million dollars, with $ jO.tiOC
paid in to start with. Mr. Hood. |
it is remembered. recently or
gunized . The* Hood Industrial
Hank at Goldsboro. which Is now
in successful operation.
Mr. Hood, who is to make Gold
shorn hU lump, and will he a',
ity* head uad In active charge of
the corporation, ii vice president
of the Carolina Hanking & Tru.it
Company of Elizabeth City. Col
umbia and Hertford; vice presi
dent of the Hood Industrial Hank
of Klizuhfth City, and a director
of the Hood System Industrial
Hunk at Goldsboro. has had li
v-'ars practl'-ul experience in bank*
Ing. having devoted the last three
years to the Industrial hanking bu
slot 551 and having soTiT during
the pust year 6u Hood Industrial
Hanking systems and organizer
two industrial banks.
DISTINCT MEETING
II El J) AT NEWBEGUN
All l>ny Conference Tliurmlay At
tended liy l>el< gaits From
Far and Wido
The Klizabeth Cily District
Methodist Missionary Conference
mm ? in Ni'wbt'Ktin Mfthudls1
Churcli in this county Thursday
in an all day meeting presided ov
er by. the district secretary Mm.
George llu wains of Kdoitou.
Upuuing devotional eiercUrts
were conducted by Rev. W. T.
1'hipps, pastor of Newbegur
'Church, and the welcome add rest
was made by Mrs. Grace I'almer
of Newbegun Church.
Report* of the various auxil
iaries from all over the district
from the threti departments
bright Jewels, young peoples, and
adults, were given by delegates
from Hertford. New Hope. Win
Tall. Sunbury, Plymouth. Stumpy
Point. Moyock. Camden, South
Mills. Warichese, and other points
art well as the Pasquotank and
Klizabeth City churches. The
main point stressed was "Doing
Our Beat For the Master" whhi
is the conference slogan. Miss Lu
cille jMiinette and MUs Margaret
Foreman sang a duet Jum before
the close of the morning session
A bountiful dinner was serve 1
on the grounds by Newbegun and
Hnlon churchoi. Mrs. W. C
Glover superintendent of the Pa?
quotunk County work, had charg
I of the aft?arnoon devotional ser
vice with scripture eison by Mr*
Mollle Fearing and a solo by Mrs
J. W: Foreman. Mtr. W. T
Phlpps read a letter from Mrs. N.
II. I> Wilson, superintendent of
the children's work of the confer
ence. stressing this work and re
gretting her Inability to be prctenr
Adjournment was made wi'h
the benediction pronounced by
l(. v C T Thrift of Moyock. Thl?
is an annual meeting and the place
of the next meeting was not do
elded on at this time.
NEGROES PAY WITH
IJVES FOR MURDER
Richmond, Sept. 12. ? Ott??
Clear and Fritz Lewis, negroes,
were electrocuted at the stuta
Penitentiary today for murder of
Thomas Campbell, aged farmer
whom th?>y beat with a rifle and
pistol, stuck with knives, tied tc
his mattress, and set fire to It
and after ransacking the place,
set the home afire.
LARGEST ELK DIES
OF HEART TROUBLE
Winchester, Va.t Sept. 12. ? -
Charles Bhlpman. whose normal
weight was said to be about 460
pounds, and #ho was report^! to
be the Urgent member of the
Kike. died suddenly today of
heart trouble at Leeshurg.
COTTON MAKKKT
tNcw York, Sopt. 12. ? Spot tot
ton closed qulot. Middling, 23.80,
a decline of poifltr. Futures,
closing bid, Oct. 22.6ft. Dee. 2 2 17
Jan 22 1 3. March 22 40. May
22 ?ft
New York Sept 12. ? Cotton fu
tures opened today at the follow
Ing levels; October 23.27, Decen.
ber 22 74. January 22.77, March
23 00. May 22 30.
C. H Brock and daughter. Miss
Mand Brock, have retu*-n*d from
a trip north. While awsv they vis
ited N>w York. Jersey City, Phllj
delphla. Newark, Washington and
Baltimore.
Leopold Loeb Sentence In
Line With Chicago J ustice
City With Record of One killing a Day and One Hang*
ing u Year (!ould Hardly Have Be?'ii Kvprrted
Impose Extreme Penalty in Thin (.W
II j ROIIKRT T. KM. \ 1.1 j
iCwrtlihl. l?X4. b? TU? Aduvti
I New York. Sept. 12. ? Ufo im
| prlsonment In the cam s of "Dick
er" ixyrb and A'Babe-" ? Leopold
may be Justified only If these two
youthful murderers are placed lu
a confinement ho deep that they
will never be heard of attain. Thla
; lal comment, leathered from all
, sections of the I'nited States yes
terday on the action of Judge
I Caverly In the famous Chicago
i murder case.
But public opinion scoffs at the
Idea that any such thing will hap
pen. Life Imprisonment has
ceased to be life Imprisonment,
i The- money which permits rich
{ criminals to hire expert lawyers
and sympathetic allenlttla often
follows up this advantage by gain
ing eventual freedom for the con
demned. I'ardon scandals hav<
be?n all too frequent the country
over.
Ironfcml ln-the extreme Is mo?
of the expressed public opinion
If capital punishment wkh not
deserved in thin caBe. then it
should be abolished. There could
j be no more atrocltlous crime than
: the kidnaping of little Kobert
Pranks and his cold-blooded,
pseudo-scientific murder. If the
people of the United States as a
whole sustain Judge Caverly'*
view, they clearly favor the abo
lition of the gallows and the elec
tric chair, to say nothing of Ne
vada's new fangled lethal chum
ber.
There Is but one clash of opln
ion In all the gathered commmt.
A great majority of tho thlnhiitu
newHpapers of the country feel
j that the reaction to the sparing
'of the Loeh and 1^'opold lives
. must he that in this land of free
dom there Is one law for the rich
j-and another foe the poor. -A- min
ority of the newspaper* avow that
! Judge Caverly effectually has
'estopped the cynical from making
Just that claim for he threw aside
all the fanciful defense set up by
the expensive alienists and the as
tute lawyers and predicated his
action solely upon the youth of
? he defendants. If two poor boys
of 18 and 19 hsd come before
him. some editors are generous
enough to ssy Judge Caverly's ac
tion would have been the name.
This generosity Is the exception In
the comment, not the rule. Con
demnation of the "tenderness" of
i the Judge rings out from many
sections, while a few newspapers
go so far as to hurl the word
("friendly" In a fashion that Is
anything but that.
The general feeling of the
country seems to be that in prison
tho money behind Loeb and Leo
pold will lead to special favors
for them. They v.- Ill receive vis
itors. will publish their distorted
views to the world, and will In
!<very way attempt to feed fat the
'notoriety and public attention
they have 'Vecelved these last few
months. Such a state of affairs Is
held to be abhorrent. The arro
gant, defiant and cynical attitude
of the boys In court; their will
ingness to bet before the sentence
that they would recelv? nothing
worse than life Imprisonment
those are sopie of the things that
turned any possible sympathy
away from them.
Newspapers as well as many
{ Judges who have been interviewed
hold the view that too much re
sponsibility was placed upon
Judge Caverly. It Is agreed that
no state ahould permit a person
accused of first degree murder to
plead guilty. If a sentence of
death follows such a plea it
smack* of tegat latclde. ir an
strocloua crime Is pslllated by
life imprisonment. It shows that
tender hearted Judges do not al
ways follow the Intent of the law
Most of the states require a Jury
trial In first degree murder. 1111 -
nolH, of course, does not.
That youth should be the cover
for any sort of crime has led at
leaat one editor to remnrk that
boys who would Imitate "Dlcme"
snd "Babe" should be suro to do
; their "thrill killing early."
If. however, these two arch
fiends are placed virtually In com
munlcado In the pmltcntlnry; If
they really are entoml>ed for the
reat of their natural lives; If I wo
?uch egotists can be swallowed up
by the gray prison walls and he
forever forgotten, then the pun
ishment may have fitted tin crime.
Otherwise the chance for Illinois
to sustain the mslestv of the law
throughout the Isnd has been
lost.
Kxpert criminologists in this
city who have been making an ex
i tensive study of crime recrds
throughout the I'nited States,
hare professed seeing la the sen
tencing of young Ix>eb snd Leo
pold to life Imprisonment Just an
other evidence of the difficulty In
thla country of sending anybody
to the gallows. It long has been
said of Chicago that It holda a
"?cord of a murd"'1 a rtav and
hanging a year. Life insurance
companies, hard hit by the homi
cide epidemic which haa n
sweeping the ooantry the pa*t few
year*, have found that In an in
DEFENSE DAY IS
OBSERVED BY I !.&
Nation** Drfpiiw Machin
ery Intended for War
Emergency lUe Is Given
Its Firs! Tent.
Washington, Sept. I-.- ? The na
tion's defense machinery, intended
for actual urq only in the event
of war emergency. was today Riv
en It* fir at test jccoinpnuicd by
patriotic demount rations In every
part of thr Flitted Stntes and it s
possession.
It. was a limited trat. the actual
expansion plum of the War De
partment being designed to cover
.1 period of months.
The day's" program culled for
the trial of decentralized defense
machinery sei up ainet*-- the- Na
tional Defense Act of 1*120 was
substituted for the pre-war sys
tem.
The demonstration of the suc
cors of tho new srli nil' will sig
nalize the separation from mill
tary establishment, at least so
far uh active servico Is invoved.
of General 1'er siting who hud de
voted his time since 1H18 to per
fecting ft.
voslUttllon of Ht kllllnua thero
was but one execution.
The criminologists, however,
see one ray of hop in the prompt
nn"' with w h i ell tlu? sluyers of Clio
Franks boy were brought to trial.
.They have ulways held that sure
-nese a nd awlftnena of fMMfariHMat
would be a greater deterrent to
crime than sporadic severity of
sentence. Of course, there woa no
great reason in the Franks case
why th we should have been un
usual delay. The caxe auainsi th?
boys was clear; they had con
fessed; the evidence was <iuickly
In hand. Hut In order that the
public demand for quick action
might be nut, it was nt-cessary to
advance tho l^oeh and Leopold
cases over literally scores of oth
'<r murder casts waltiug to be
tried either the first or second
I time.
The meeting of the American
liar Association on t:-e other sldn
of the water this summer was ex
peeled to drvciop a demand for a
revision of praetlres in the crim
inal courts of this country. Kug
llsh Justice is swift and sure and
It Is not of record that many mis
takes have been made. A rt tidy
of recent crime reeoids in Loudon
showed that out of 1 :[ murders
? there had been 1 2 execution* and
one man committed to the Insane
asylum.
No community In the 1'nlted
Hiatus could ev? r boast such a rec
ord. The lawyers returning from
London seem to have brought
with them a great admiration for
the Lngllah courts snd their sys
tems. but no consensus of opinion
as to what needs to be done in
this country.
Here there ar so many safe
guard* placed about a defendant
that even the humblrst of them,
with volunteer cpuna? I only, often
escape final Judgment front the
bench for a period of from two to
three years. Law vera frequently
? blame thrtr fellow Inwynr* for thw
. loni; delays. It has beep held
that any criminal with money
enough to employ clover cetinaol
can so delay court proceeding* in
his case that public demand for
punlnhmr-nt erases and a maudlin
I sentiment Is created which influ
ences the minds of the Jurors
[eventually chosen.
Chief Justice Taft, of tho Unit
ed States Supreme Court, once
held 'bat the American people
wen too Inclined to make fcefoei
of their criminals and too often
hailed a vtrdlct of acquittal as a
sort of sporting achievement on
the part of the accused man. Nat
urally th? task of the modem law
yer. with a guilty client. Is to
create a favorable atmosphere
about the murderer. This takes
time and requires the employment
of every skilled mid expensive de
I vice Often the arrav of counsel
r?n the part of ihe accused killer
Is so strong jwnd so re<.ourc< ful
that the state br cuinlv In which
?he trial la bolng held Is put to a
torrlflc expanse In uif-ctlnn: He
moves of the defense. The cost
of th? two Thaw murder trial* to
| the county ef New York was In
the neighborhood of a million dol
ls rs. Two recept trfals In West
? Chester Count v. both of wh|eh re
; suited In acoulttals. cost the iy>un
Itv about $160,000 apiece. What
I they cost the wealthy i!> f. ndnnts, ,
[no one knows
| The grounds for new tHal? e?d
the grounds for appeals to high
'er courts are so numerous |i\ this
I * . Continued on page 4 i