II . I
riCLI:;D TrtMYnnLY, BY THOUAS LCIXGPlELIiE cf THE CHDES, rn:3LCTI3:."3 AND LAWS OF-COSCUEX
V07 7 XO. 114;
WILMINGTON, N. C. THURSDAY MORMNG. DECEMBER 0, 1 852.
WHOLE NO. 1 ,02 !
ri'i; tei-uke'iia coauEBCUL,
1 i'ublifche'J every TvEauA, THCReDataod Sat
tPA at $' yt r annum, payable iq all cakes in ad
vance. - : ' : : . ,r
, I5V THOMAS LORtXQ EoiTQR-nd Pioprictor.
Corner Iroataad Market Streets, -:-
r i WILMISOTOK, K. C. . - -' .
RATES OF AD VRRTISISG
I-acr. 1 insertion 30 50
I 2 75
1 3 v -1 00
t sqr. t months.
4 00
5 00
8 00
1 " 1 -
I I month, 2 SO
I 12
12 00
Ten lines or less make a saoare. IF an advertise
meot exceeds eo linecib price will be in propor-
A AH aJverilseraenta are payable at the time of their
Daemon. . , . rf;i;; -:-,.-- , ' .
- ".Coniracis wiih yearly .advertisers, will be mado
': - the most liberal terms yi. ..'
.v.-, -.Mo. transfer of cunt racif 'for. yearly advertialng
,; will be perinltted,. Should clrcumatanaes render
change in business, or an aneinected removal nec
essary, a chifge according to (lie published lorins
1- will be at the option of th? contractor for the time
- he has advertised ' . v:i -'"';t? ,''y.,..
The" privilege of. AnnHal' Xd.verJisera' atrieily
liiuitod la their owiv'iniuiedisjo .business j and, all
. advertisements Jar tlM,beaeU-f other persons, as
B well as all advertisements not imnwdtotdf connec-
- , ted with, tbelr own buslaess, and ell excess oL ad-
&. vertiifiments inHenztlror otheuvife, beyoBd ihe
.- . limns ngea, win oe cnargaa at ino usual rates.
J. : IVo advertisement la included in the contract for
. he sale or rertiof houses or lands in town or conn
Vy, or for the sale ot hire pf negroes, whethu the
property downed by theadvertriser or by other per-
-taou. These are excluded by the terra "immediate
, pustw,".,' . 'o,;.'.1'. ? ,.-" i
r 1 All nu.ll.AMdnl!n...lai1 In Kft ,rt utakVlu .w.
!, mereio, are emitted to'One Insertion in the Weekly
" free of charge. -1 '
r 1 . jaBCARO AND FANCY PRINTING,
exsosted In superior style. ,, -. , , "
V v AQ8STS FOR THE COMMERCIAL.
Sim. WimIs iVT aedM Rnnwti A HT? nt,amT
-j. Se York and Botton V, B. Palmier.
Jasra FieDKUCK Kiddbb.
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
vi FeZow cttuent 0 tht Senate
vtinc Qfheilomeof Representative!
ATh6 bnef'Bpace which lias elapsed since
jthe close of yoqr lost nesj-ion has been mm k-
ed by no c miordiimry political evi nt. The
. f quadfeimial election oi' CliiefMagistrate has
imssed riff with less ' than the usuiil excite
, raenUHuwevet individuals and parlies may
.n;.)iare been disappointed in the result, it isnev
'rthi'les8 a;' subject of. national congmiula
tion'that the choice has been efTticted bv the
..independent su tirades of a free people, un
' "disturbed by (hose tuflaehces which in other
v"' countrte havu loo often affected the purity
. - of popular elections. !
q . vur gruiciui wiuunaure uuc u yn Aii-meroi-
X'P ful Providpnce, riot only for staying the pesti
vIence wliich in different forms has desolated
"5. some of our ciljes, but for crowning the la
3 bors of the. husbandman wjth an abundant
bar vest, nd 'the nallonTgenerally with the
5 tlessmgs ol peace and prosperity.
Within a few weeks the public ruind has
been deeply affected by the death ol Daniel
,'" ,? Webster, fi tins at his decease the office ol
- 'Secretary, of Sute. His associates in tho
Kjecntivf jfovernuient riaveeineerely ytnpn-
.. llil7Aii U'illi lil fu mil v nil? Ihn m,hln mum.
1 Ml1y 00 this mourn I ul occasion. Hi cora
- wanding lulentst his great political ahd pro-
. fjatid his long and faithful services, in the most
. ' impdrtant public lrusU,have caused his death
s. to be lamented throughout the countrv. mid
- r'iha? earned for 'him a lasting place in our
history ,N " '
j- -'"'In tne courso of !io last summer considcr-
i TVI- " ... -' ' "111: - I P I . . .
;i' aoie nnxiei was puuseu lor a snort time oy
t an official intirpu'tion Iroin dip government
-of Great Dritain that orders had been given
Crbrthe protection df the fisheries upon the
Y const of' the British provinces in North A
J 'tnerica agaiust the alleged encroachments
; and France. The''thortness of this notice
J nnd the season of the year teemed to make
"-. it n matter of urgent importance. It was
h Minv ui'i'iGiiciiucu iiiui an increasea navai
v force bad been ordered to t lid fishing grounds
.ft to carry into effect the1 British interpretation
.? oi tnose provisions ln tne convention 01 1818,
- in reference jo the true intent of which the
two governments differ. It was soon 'discov-
red that such was not the design of Great
J , ' Britain, tnd sauslactpry explanhtjons of the
v real. objects of the measure have been given
both here and in London. '
; The unadjusted difference, however, be-
., ."A.f wvnhjtn inv wi vi liiuyiivf nm tw iiio iijiui-
. . pretation ti the first article of the convention
; ' . of 1818 is still a rnatler of importance. A
A merican" fishing vessels within nine or ten
-.years, bave been excluded Jrom water to
" OfkiisK llmir Kail I amiash ti Tttmntir riifn
i nrjson I na iuir rsiMf apn m Ania t est n a
J: ,-TIIVHf UIV UUU ItbU I Vi ( 1 1 1 J II V U
: . years after (he negotiation of the treaty. In
1R1.1 thld Mynliiaiciii nnii paIj voil an fur na Mn.
. oerns tbeBay Of Fundy, but the just and
- liberat inlcotion of the Home government.
.Mu compliance with what we think the true
const ruction of the convention, to open nil
the other outer bays to our fishermen, was
-abandoned, in consequence of the opposiiion
.of'tlve colooics. . Notvvithstapding tire, the
United Stales' have, since the Bay of Fundy
;'j hui rcvpeneu w our isiienneu in iaio, pur
1 ' sued the most liberal course toward the colo--4
nial fishing interests. ' By ; the revenue law
: t v yv tiao uumuq vii, vuiuuini hum viitxruijj
( - our ports were very greatly reduced, and by
4 1 the. warehousing act it is allowed to be enter
. .edjn bond without payment of duty. In
.this vTny colonial. fish has acquired the mo
nopoly ol tnoiexport. trade in pur mnrket.
'and is. entering to some extent into the home
. consumption.: These'lacts were among those
V which Increased the scfisibllity of our fishing
.'interest, at the movement In quetyion.
x y The circumstances and tne inciuents above
C alluded lo have led rne.lo think the move
menl favorable for . a reconsideration of
' Ihrt Anllrri trntiiont nl'lhi ft., J, .... U
t of the British provinces, with a view to nlnee
them upon a more liberal footing of recipro-J
;, -." F'lvnego. .a willingness to meet us in
som arrangement of this kind is understood
w exist, on the part of Great Britain, with a
. uesiro, on ncr part to include in one comprc-
hensive settlement, na well this flnhi.i .
:r ihe Kommercial Intercourse between the Unl
f ted. States and the Briilih i.rnvlnf.p0 t ts.'
,, ( thought that whotever nrraiigemems may be
madeon these twr subjects, It is ".expedient
.rthttt they should be, einbruced In separate
conventions., The Utneas' and death of the lata
.'.Secretary of Stale prevented tho commence
!vment of the contemplated negotiation. Pains
y.have been taken to collect the information re
. v quired for the details of, such jtiakarrange
: merit. .'The subject is alteoded with eon8ide
-1 tible (RfJculiy;; If'it Is .found practicable to
'n cofiie lo an Bffrtelnenf mutuullr nrcf niulila
to the two parties, conventions may be con
eluded in the course of llie present winter.
The control of Congress over all the provis
ions oi such an arrangement, auecung uie
reven'up.'will of rourse-bdeser'ed. .
i " The affairs of Cuba formed a prominent
topic in my last Annual message. - They, re
main in an uneasy condition, and a leeling of
alarm and irritation on the part of the Cu
ban authorities appears lo exist. This feel
ing has interfered wi.h the reiTilar commer
cial intercourse between the United States
and the island.' and led to some acts of which
we have a rig'ht to complain. But the Cap
tain Ueneral ol Cuba is clotneu with no pow
er to 'iVeat wjtft foreign govemrnenU, nor is
he in any degree pnder the control ol the
Spanish Miuisler at Washington. Any com
munication which he may bold with an agent
or a lorelgn power is mlormal and matter ol
courtesy. Anxious to put un end to the ex-
ilftRii inconveniences, (which seemed to rest
on a miiconceptiori,) I; direcleil tt ewly-;
appointed Minister"? to Mexico t$ 'visit IJa4
vana, on lii8.:wajto:jferVJ?w tie- was.
respectfully deceived by tlm Captnio Gene
ral,' who 'conferred "with hiia freely on the
recent occurrences ; but no penn.ancnt ar
rangement was effected.
In the mean time, the refusal of the Cap
tain General to allow passengers and the
mail to be landed in certain eases, 'for a rea
son which does not furnish in the opinion of
tbis Government vven a good presumptive
ground for such a prohibition, has been made
the subject of a serious remonstrance at Ma
drid ; and 1 have no reason to doubt that due
respect Will be paid by the government of
Her Catholic Mniesty to the representations
which our Minister has been introduced to
make on the subject.
It is but justice to the Captain General to
add, that his conduct toward the 6teamers
employed to carry the mails ol the United
States to Havana has. with the exceptions
above alluded to, been marked with kindness
and liberality, and indicates no general pur
pose ol interlering with the commercial cor
respondence and intercourse' between the is
land and this counlry.
Early in the present year official notes rvcre
received Irom the Ministers of France and
England, inviting the Government of the
United States to become a party with Great
bntain and b ranee to a tripartite Conven
uon, in virtue 01 wnicn ine three powers
should severally and collectively disclaim,
now and for the future, all intention to ob
tain possession ol the Island ol Cuba, and
should bind themselves lodiscountenanceull
attempts to that effect on the part of any
power o individual whatever. This invita
lion lias been respectfully declined, for rea
sons which it would occupy too much space
in tis communication to state in detail, but
which led me to think thai the proposed mea
sure would be of doubtful constitutionality,
impolitic, and unavailing. 1 have, however,
in common with several of my predecessors
directed the Ministers of France and Eng
land to b assured that the United (States
entertain no designs against Cuba ; but that,
ort the contrary, I should regard its incorpo
ration into the Union at the presei.t lime as
Iraught with serious peril.
Were this island comparatively destitute
of inhabitants, or occupied by a kindred race,
I should regard it. il voluntarily ceded by
Spain, as a most desirable acquisition'. But,
under existing' circumstances I should look
upon its incorporation into our Union as t
very hazardous measure. It would bring in
to the Conlederacy a population of a different
national slock, speaking a different language,
and not likly to harmonize with the other
members. It would probably nftect in a prei
ndicial manner the industrial interests of tire
South; and it might revive those conflicts of
opinion between the Gitlerunt sections ol the
country, which lately shoot: the Union toils
centre, and which have been to happily com
promirted.
The rejecijon by the Mexican Congress ol
the Cgnvention which had been ro;. eluded
between that Republic and the Uniied Slates.
for the protection of a transit way across the
Isthmus ol Tehuniitepec and of the interests
ol those citizens ol the United Mates who had
become proprietors of the rights which Mex
ico had conferred on one of her own citizens
in regard to thai transit, lias thrown a serious
obstacle in the way of the attainment of
very desirable national object. I am slill
willing to hope that the differences on the
subject which exist, or may hereafter arise,
between the governments, will be amicably
adjusted. This subject, however, has already
engaged the attention ol the Senate ol the
United Stales, and requires no further com
ment in this communication.
The settlement of the question resoeciim?
the port of San Juan de Nicaragua, and of
the controversy between the republics of
Losta uica and lMcarngua in regard to their
boundaries, was considered indispensable to
the commencement ol the ship canal between
the two oceans, which was Ihe Ptibjdct ol the
Convention between the United Stales and
Great Britain of the 19th of April, 1850. Ac
cordingly a proposition for the same purposes
addressed to the two governments in that
quarter, nud to tho Mosquito Indians, was
agreed to in April last by the Secretary of
State and the Minister of her Britauic Ma
jesty. Besides the wish to aid in reconciling
the differences of the two republics, I enga
ged in the negotiation from a desire to place
the great work of a ship canal between the
two oceans under one jurisdiction, and to es
tablish the important port ol San Juan de
Nicaragua under the government of n civil
ized power. The proposition in question was
assented to by Costa Rica and the Mosquilo
Indians. It has not proved equally accepta
ble to Nicaragua, but it is to be hoped that
the further negotiation on the subject which
are in, train will bu carried on in thai spirit ol
conciliation and eomproipisa which ought al
ways to prevail on such occasions, and (hat
they will lead to a satisfactory result.
. I have the satisfaction to inform you that
the executive government ol Venezuela has
acknowledged soma claim.) ofciiizens of the'
United States, which have for many years,
nasi been urged by 'our charge d' affairs at
Curaccas. It is hoped that the same sense
of justice will actuate tho Congress of that
Republic in providing the means for their'
payment.:;' 'i.X i'C-'
.The recent revolution in Buenos Ayres and
the. confederated States having opened the
tirospcet of an improved sta to or ihings In
hat quartiir,"the governments of Great Brit
ainnnd France determined to negotiate, with
ihe chief blithe new Confederacy for the
free .access of their, commerce to-the exten
sive coud ics .watered by the tributaries of
.the La Plata ; and they, gave a friendly no
tice of this purpose lo the United States, that
wc might if we thought proper pursue the
same course. Incompliance with this invi
tation, our minister at Rio Janeiro and our
charge d'affaires at Baenos Ayres have been
fully authorized to conclude treaties with the
newly organized Confederal inn, of the States
composing it. The delays which have taken
place in the formttion of the new government
have as yet prevented the execution of those
instructions j but there is every reason to
hope that these vast countries will be even
tually opened to our commerce. A
A treaty of commerce has been concluded
between the United Stales and the Oriental
Republic of Uruguay, which will be laid be
fore the Senate Should ;his Convention go
ioto operation, it will open to the commercial
enterprise of our citizens a country of great
extent and unsurpassed in natural resources
oot Irom iv Inch lo reign nations have lulher
to been almost whollv- excluded. v f:
vThe coneiqjbrttiericeof the late Secretrtry
oi state with Uie f eruvian eharge u' alianrs
rektivt the loboi Islands wa eommvtni,,
cated to Congrew to vard" the close of the
last session. Since that time, on further in
vestigation of the subject, the doubts which
had been entertained of the title of Peru to
those islands have been removed ; and I have
deemed it just that the temporary wrong
which had been unintentionally done her.
from want of information, should be repaired
by an unreserved acknowledgment of her
sovereignty.
I have the satisfaction to inform you tlmt
the course pursued by Peru has been credi
table to the liberality of her government
Before it was known by her that her tule
would be acknowledged at Washington, her
Minister of Foreign Affairs had authorized
our charge d' affaires at Lima to announce lo
the American vessels which, had gone to the,
Lobos for guano, that the Peruvian Govern
ment was wiljing to freight them on its own
account. This intention has been carried in
to effect by the Peruvian Miiu'sljr uere, by
an arrangement which js beljevd to be ad
vantageous to the pnrffSa in interest.
Our settlements on the shores of the Pari
fie have already given a great extension, and
in some respects a new direction, to our com
merce in that ocean. A direct and rapidly
increasing intercourse has sprung up wiih
Eastern Asia. The waters of" the Northern
Pacific, even into the Arctic sea, have of late
years been frequented by our whalemen.
The application of steam to the general pur
poses of navigation is becoming daily more
common, and makes it desirable to obtain fu
el and other necessary supplies at convenient
points on the route between. Asia and our
Pacific shores. Our unfortunate country
men who from time to time suffer shipwreck
on the coasts ol the eastern seas are entitled
lo protection. Besides these specific objects,
the general prosperity of our Stales en the
Pacific requires that an attempt ehohld be
made to open the opposite regions of Asia to
a mutually beneficial intercourse. It is ob
vious that this attempt could be made by no
power to so great avantage as by the United
Stales, whose constitutional system excludes
every idea of distant eoloniul dependencies.
I have accordingly been led to order an appro
priate naval force to Japan, under the com
mand of a discreet and intelligent oflicer of
the highest rank known to our service. He
is instructed to endeavor to obtain from the
government of that country some relaxation
of the inhospitable und anti-social system
which it has pursued for about two centuries.
He has been directed particularly to remon
strate in the strongest language against the
cruel treatment to which our shipwrecked
mariners have often been subjected, and to in
sist' that they shall b treated with humanity.
He is instructed however at the same time to
give that government the amplest assurances
that the objects of the United Sates are such
and surh only as I have indicated, and that
the expedition is Iriendly and peaceful. Not
wilhstnnding the jealousy with which the
governments of Eastern Aia regard all over
tures from foreigners. I am not without hopes
of a beneficial result ol the expedition. Should
it be crowned with success, ihe advantages
will not be confined to the Uniied States,
but. as in the case of China, will be equally
enjoyed by all the other maritime powers. 1
have much satisfaction in stating l li n't in all
the steps preparatory to this expedition ihe
Government of the Un'.ted States has been
materially aided by the good offices of the
King of the Netherlands, the only European
power having r.ny ccmnvrciat relations with
Japan.
In passing Irom this survey of our foreign
relation, 1 invjie the attention of Congress
to the condition id' that department of the
Government to which this branch of the pub
lic business is entrusted. Our intercourse
with foreign powers has of late years greatly
increased, both in consequence of our own
growth and the introduction of many new
State into the lamily of nations. In this
way the Department of State has become
ovcburde'ned. It has. by the recent estab
lishment of ihe Department of the Interior,
been relieved of some portion of the domestic
business. If the residue of the business of
that kind, such as the distribution of Con
gressional documents, the keeping, publish
ing unu uisiiiuiuioii pi inc lawsol tne United
Slates, the execution of the convriirlu law.
the subject of reprieves and pardons, and
some other tubjects relating lo interior ad
ministration, should be transferred from the
Denarlir.cnt of Stale, it would unquestiona
bly be 'for the benefit of the public service.
I would also suggest that the build
priated to the State Department is not fire
proof; that there is renson to think that there
are defects in its construction, nnd lhm ihe
archives of the Government' in charge of ihe
Department, with the precious collections of
the manuscript papers of Washington l( fi, r.
son, Hamilton. Madidon. and Monroe, arc ex-
puBcu 10 ucBirucuon dv nre. A similar re
mark may be made of (he buildings appro
priated to the War and Navy Departments.
The condition of the Treasury is exhibited
in the annual teport from 'that'bermnmpnt
The cash receipts into the T ri'naiirv fur
the fiscal Year endimr the rimd' Tn n loaf r. V.
clusivfl'qf trust luiids, were forty nine mil
lions seven hundred and twenly-eighl thou
sand three hundred and 'eiahfy-eix dollars
aim eigniy-nine cents, I'J,78,380 89 ) and
the expenditures lor the same YiArinrt i;to
exclusue of trust funds were foity-six mil-
I ( a. ... A ft. - . . I . I B. I .
noun aeven uiuusnna eigni nundred and ninety-six
dollars and twenty cents, f&4G 007.89G
20 j) of which liino tnftKoni four hundred and
nity-uve tnouiana eight hundred nnd fifteen
dollars and cighty-three cents (9,435.815 83)
waa oo account of the ririncipal and Interest
of the public debt, ' including the last instal
ment of the indemnity to Mexico, nnJer the
treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, leaving a bal
ante of $11,632,136 37 in the Treasury on
the first day of July last. s Since this latter
period, further purchases of, the principal of
the public debt have been nnd to the ex
lent of iwo millions four hundred and fiity six
thousand five hundred and forty-aeven doI
larssnd forty nine cents, ($2,456,517 49.) and
the surplus in the Treasury will continue lo
be applied to that ohct, whenever the stock
can be procured within the limit, as to price,
authorized by law. 1
The value of foreign merchandise import
ed during the last fiscal year was two hun
dred arid seven millions two hundred nnd fo"
tv thousand one hundred and one dollars.
($207.2,101;) and the value of domestic
prftdoctions exported was one hundred and
ibriy-nino millions eight hundred and sixty
one thousand nine hundred Ond eleven dol
lars, (81861.911 ;) besidet wveutcen mil
lions' two hundred nnd four thousand nnd
twenty six dollars ($17,204,026) of foreign
nierdmrulltje xpgrted , risking the, aggre
gate of the entire exports one hundred and
sixty-seven millions sixty-five thousand nine
hundred and thirty-oeven dollars, ($167,065,
937 ;) exclusive ol the above there was ex
ported forty-two millions five hundred and
seven thousand two hundred and eighty-five
dollars ($42,507,285) Id specie ; and import
ed from foreign ports five millions two hun
dred and sixty-two thousand six hundred and
rony three dollars. ($5 262 613.)
In my first annual message to Congress I
called your attention to what seemed to me
some defects in the present tariff, and recom
mended such modifications as in my judgment
were best adapted to remedy its evil nnd
promote the prosperity cf the country. No
thing has since occurred lo change my views
on this important question.
Without repeating the arguments contain
ed in my former message, in favor of discrim
inating, protective duties, I deem it my duty
to call your attention to one or two other con
siderations affecting this subject. The lirst
is, the effect of large importations of foreign
goods upon our currency. Most of the gold
of California, as fast as it is coined, finds Us
way directly to Europe in payment for goods
purchased. In the second place, os our man
ufacturing establishments nre broken down
by competition with foreigners, the capital in
vested in them is lost, thousands of honest
and industrious citizens are thrown out of em
ployment, and the farmer to that extent is
deprived of a home market for the sale of his
surplus produce. In the third place, the de
struction of our manufactures leaves the for
eigner without competition in our market, nnd
he consequently raises the price of ihe article
sent here for sale, as is now seen in the in
creased cost of iron imported from England.
The prosperity and wealth of every nation
must depend upon lis productive industry.
The litrmer 5s stimulated lo exertion by find
ing a ready market for his surplus products,
and benefit led by being able lo exchange
them, without Joss of time or expense ol trans
portation, for the manufactures which his com
fort or convenience requires. This is awnys
done to the best advantage where n portion
of the community in which he lives is engag
ed in o'her pursuit But most manufactures
require an amount of capital and a practical
skill which cannot be commanded, unless
i hey be protected for a time from ruinous
competition from abroad. Hence the neces
sity of laying those duties upon imported
goods which the Constitution authorizes for
revenue, in such a manner as to protect and
encourage ihe labor of our own citizens. Du
ties h-wever should not be fixed at a rate so
high as to exclude the foreign article, but
should be so graduated as to enable the do
mestic manufacturer fairly to compete with
the foreigner in our own markets, and by ibis
rompciion to reduce the price of the manu
factured article to the consumer to the lowest
rate at v hich it can be produced. This poli
cy would place the mechanic by the side of
the fanner, create a mutual interchange of
their respective commodities, and thus stimu
late the industry of the whole country, and
render us independent of fore!gn nations for
the supplies n o'jiied by the habits or necessi
ties ol the peopl.
Another question, wiolly independent of
protection, presents itself,' and that is. whe
ther the duties levied should be upon the val
ue of ihe article at the place of shipment, or.
where il is practicable, a specific duty, grad
uated according lo quantity, as ascertained
by weight or measure. All cur duties are at
present ad valorem. A certain per cenlage
is levied on Ihe price of the goods at the port
of shipment in n foreign country. Most com
mercial natims have found it indispensable,
for the purpose of preventing fraud and per
jury, to make the duties specific whenever
the article is of such a uniform value in weight
or measure as to justify surh a duty. Legis
lation should never encourage dishonesty ur
crime. It is impossible that the revenue offi
cers ot the port where the (roods are catered
anc' the dutjCB paid should know with cennin-
ty U-fiat they cost, in the foreign country. Yet'
'.he law requires that they should levy the
duty according to such cost. They are there
fore compelled to resort lo very unsatisfacto
ry evidence to ascertain what that cost was.
They take the invoice ol the importer, at
tested by his oath, as the best evidence of
which the nature of the case admits. Bui
every one mutt see that the invoice mny
be fabiicated, and the oath by which il U
supported luls", by reason of which the dis
honest importer puys a'part only ol the do
tics which nre paid by the honest one, and
thus indirectly receives from the treasury of
the Uni'ed Siu'es a reward for his fraud and
perjury-. The reports of the Secretary of
ihe Tr easury heretofore made on this sub
ject liow conclusively that these frnud hare
been practiced lo a great extent. The ten
dency is to destroy that high moral rhnrac-ter-lor
which our merchnnts have lone been
distinguished ; to defraud the Government of
Hs revenue ; io break down Ihe honest im
porter by a dishonest competition ; and, final
ly, to transfer the business of importation lo
loieigo nnd irresponsible agents, lo the great
detriment of our, own citizens. ,1 therefore
again most 'earnestly recommend, the ndop
lion of specific duties, wherever It Is practi
cable, or a l.orue valualiorj, to prevent ihese
fraid.;-',s- it. i-VHwi-??' "
rt I would also again call ryftur" 'attention "to
the fact that the present tariff in some cases
imposce a higher duly upori, ihe raw inateri
ahutpnrted than upon the article manufac
tured from it, the consequence of which is
that thedu:y operafeajo the encouragement
of the foreigner and the' discouragement 'of
our own cituettav--.t. ifu-,.
For full and detailed' information in regard
t .,' ; ..,...: .
to ihe general condition of our Indian affairs,
I respectfully refer yau lo ihe n port ol the
secretary ol the Interior and lac accompa
nying documents. ,
Ttie Semite not hating thought proper lo
ratify the treaties which had bn negotiated
with the tribes of Indian in California and
Oregon, our relations with them have - been
left in a very unsatisfactory condition' '.
In other parts of our . territory particular
district of country hare been set apart for
the exclusive occupation of the Indiana and
their right to the Jnnds within those limits
has been acknowledged and respected. Bat
in Ciitifumitf and Oregon there bus been no
recognition by the GovernmenJ of the exela
sive right of the Indians to any part of the
country. They are therefore mere tenants
at sufferance, and. liable to be driven from
place to place, at the pleasure sf (he wlutcs.
The treaties which nave been rejected pro
poned to remedy Ibis evil bylhrttirrft (We
different tiibcK district of counlry s liable to
their habits of life, ami sufficient (or iheit
support. This provision, more than any oth
er, it is believed, led to their rejection and
as no substitute for it has been adopted by
Congress: it has' pot been deemed advisable
to a '.tempt to enter into new treaties of a per
manent character, ulthough'iio effort has been
spared by temporary arrangement to pre
serve friendly relations with then. , q
If it be the desire of Congress to remove
them from ihe country altogether, or to as-
sifn li them particular districts more remote
from the settlements of tho whites, il will be
proper lo set npart by law tho territory which
they arc to occupy, and to provide the means
necessary for removing them lo il. Justice
alike lo (,r,r own ciiizem and to the Indians
requites the prompt action of Congress on
this suhjrrt.
The amendments proponed by the Sennte,
to the treaties which were negotiated with
ihe Sioux Indians of Minnesota, have been
submitted lo the tribes who were pirtieo to
them, nnd have received their assent. A
large tract of valuable -territory has thus
been opened for settlement and cultivation,
and nil danger of collision which these pow.
erful nnd warlike bands has been happily re
moved. The removal of the remnant of the tribe
of Seminole Indians from Florida has long
been a cherished object of the Government,
and il is one to which ray attention has been
steadily directed. Admonished by past ex
perience of the difficulty and cost of the
attempt to remove them by military force, re
sort has been had to conciliatory measures.
By the invitation of the Commissioner of In
eian Affairs several of the principal chiefs re
cently visited Washington, nnd whilst here
acknowledged in writing the obligations of
their tube, to remove with the least possible
delay. Late advices from the special agent
of the Government represent that they ad
here lo their promise, and that a council of
their people has been called to make Iheir
preliminary arrangements. A general emi
gration maythercfore be confidently expect
ed at an early i'ay.
The report from the General Land Office
shows increased activity in its oneratiata
The survey of ihe northern boundary of Iowa
has been completed with unexampled des
patch. Within the last year 9,522.953 acres
of public land have been surveyed, and
8,0j;i,46 1 acres brought into market.
In the last fiscal year there
were sold, 1,553,071 ncrcs.
Located with bounty land i '
warrants. ; 3.201.314 "
Located with cthsr certifi
cates. 115,082
Making a total of 4,870,007 "
In addition there were
Reported under swamp
land grams 5,219.138 -:
For internal improvements,
railroads. dc. " 3,025,920
Making an aggregate of 13,115 175 '
Being an increase in the nmount ol lands
soUl nnd located under land wdrmrfu of
5G9,22.0 acres over Ihe previous year.
The whole amount thus sold, located under
land warrants, repo ted under swamp hind
grants, and selected for internal improve
ments, exceeds thai of the previous year by
3 312.372 acres ; and the sales would, without
doubt, have been muvh larger but for the ex
cessive reservations for railroads in Missouri,
Mississippi and Alabama.
For the quarter ending 30th September,
1S52. there were sold, 243,255 acics.
Located with bounty land
warrants, 1 337 1 1G
Located with otlipr certifi
caies, 15649 '
Reported under swamp
land grants. 2.485.233
Making an aggregate tor
the quarter of 4.131.253
Much the laigcr portion of the labor of ar
ranging and classifying the returns of ihe
last census has geen finished, and it will now
devplve upon Congress-to make the necessa
ry provision for the publication of the results
in such form at i-hall ke deemed be.' The
apportionment o! representation, on- the ba
sis ol ihe new census, has been made by Ihe
Secretary of the Interior ia conformity ntiil,
iIih iirovisioris of law relalunr lo thntaubiiei
and (he recent elections have been made in
accordance with it.
I commend to your favorable regard ihe
suggestion contained in the report of the Se
cretary o the Interior that provision be made
by law lor the publication nnd distribution,
periodically, of an analytical digest of all ihe
patents which have been, or may hereafter
lie, granted for useful inventions and d tcove-ri.-s,
with Mich descriptions and illustrations
ns m3' be necessary to present an intelligible
view ol I lit ir nature, and operation. The
cost ol such publication could eanily im Jo
frayed out of the patent lund, ana I am per
suaded that il could be applied lo no object
mnie Hccepiible to inventor und beneficial to
ihe public al large.
An appropriation of $100,000 having beet)
omde nt the last session fur the purrhose of
u suitable site, nnd for the erection-vfur .uh-:
ing, and filling op of an Asylum for the fii-i
sine of I he District of Columbia, nnd ol the
Army and Navy of the United ' Stafptv i jhp
proper measures have been adapted to, fni
ry this beneficent purpose'toto effect." Yv V
;By the latest ad vices' from, the:; Mexican
Boundary Commission It ubnaara thm n,.,
survey of the river1 Gila, from its confluence
with the Colorado .to its -suppo-cd Intersec
tion with the western lias of 'Mexico
fins been eemnleied.': Th drv,. -r.u-
Grande has tie been -finished, (fvm xht poiot
agreed only the Cowmiasibnersas'the poic"
where it stnkes il aootbem boundary r
New Mexico'' tarn txnnt t,n. ,t-..t
thirty-fire mile below Eag! which :
about tffo-lhirJs of the dmance akn th .
course or tha nrer to u mooib. , , -
!.The rrpropria?bn wLirb ttumndo at iW
last fsitn of Cotigreas for tha eatiiiaarttMit
of the sorrer U subject to tha filowW tri
Provided. Tilllt ItlCftrf of t?;i itrnrn't..'.
ation shall be used r expeWyiTMiitil ft shv.
be mm! saiMfuriofily to appear to ihe Pres
ident of the Uuiied States- that than aoutherr
boundary ef Nevr AleJtko- is not ewabJLI.ed
by 'lr-tommiiaioi)er,and a Trevor of ItT.i
unni;a oiaie wruter norip ol t;;f xoa call
ed 'Paso' than Ihe earn is laid if. m It f '.
rurneH's map, which w added kr the t '."
My attention was draw to tbi '
m a . . .4 - -
bitU-rcvieweJ all the fu-'raofih-r ti
Mb;it4 for rf decision the quea ft Leili
er, and xiinj eirettrnstnfiees. any pan ef
the appropriation 6u1d b lawfully baej er
v.uueu iur tnv luriucr prosecuuoB Of II,
. ..nikcra eareiui consideration et th,
subject, 1 come to ihe conclusion that it cWd
not, and so informed the head of that Depart
ment. Orders were immediately i Issued by
him lo the commissioner and surveyor u
make ao further reqaiaitbna on ihe Depart
ment, as ther eoold
continue all oneratiorta n tK- ,..,i,.. u .
of heW; McxK!o.But aeu, Department
u rMvi iiuwi luutiun nm io 109 amount
of pro visions and nionev vthish tmn.A ...
expended in llw hand of the commissioner
uuu aurvayur, h was leu aiacretlooary writ h
them to Continue tha airrv A,.mn iK r;,.
Grande as far na the weaas at their disposal
wouia enaoie mem, or at once tofliabaod the
Commission. ' A inecitt fflamMf ha
arrived Irom the officer I charge of tha sur-
vey on me nver, wun iniorrDStion triat the.
funds SubieCt lO lll Control Wr rhn.J
and that the officers and others employed . in
miv uGintuis B11H0 01 yio mean
of prosecutinjr the work and of retorolua to
their homes. ?. . ,
The ohiect of the otovitn nrna i faifti! .
arrest the surrey of the southern and w es
tern lines of New Mexico, in regard to which
different opiniona have- been expressed for
it Is hardly to be suppositl that there cou!i
be any objection to that part of tha line wl.K
raienua uioug ineciianiiei ot the liioUrar.Jd.
But Ihe terms ol theluw u, 1 . tn
forbid iho use of any part of the money far
ue proaecuuon 01 ma worx; or even ir re
payment, lo the officers and ngsirte, of tUa
arrjianiges of pay which are jusily, due t ?
I earnestly invite vonr bromnt :tenii,in t -
this tubject, and recommend a' m.x'ifi
of the terms of the proviso so as i c .
the Department to use as much of the n;
propriation as will be necessary tcdichar
miv atiim vwiaiivii wi an overnT
and tocomplcte the survey of thcliio Gra
lo its mouth, t wi.-,..- r,p
It will also be proper li make lurther pro
vision by law for the fulfilment? of our treaty
wiih Mexico for running' fend marking tl u
residue c flhs boundary line between the tv.
countries. " 1 ," 1 ' 5 . ,
Permit me to inrile your particular atten
tion to the internals bl' the Distort of 'Colum
bia, which are confided bytlie Constitution
to your peculiar 'tnnt'?yT:V-;'f ', ";
Among Ihe measures f which "iectn toi rrr 1
of the irrealat fmndrmnn 10 fta.'nmar(,ritv
are the introduction of a i copious aurply oi'
water into the city of Wtujliingtort.'. aod Ihe
ronsirucuun 01 amiable Brfcigsa. across tr. -Potoiuui;
to replace those which were" des -troyed
by high water in the early part oftln;
present year, ! "" , t '
At the last session of Congress an' appro
priation was made lo defray ihe cost of th 1
surveys necessary or, determining- thrf b :
means of affording. an, unfailing supply cl
good and wholesome water.t-Some prorcsj
has been made In the urirry.;and as soon as
it is completed the result will be laid Refure
you. ' " , 1, ,
Further appropriations will also bj noccc
sary lor grading and paving the ttrceta ar
avenues, and euc!oeh and embellishing t!.
public grounds within the city of . Wasl.i. -Ion:
1 -
I commend all these objects, together tvi:'
the charitable instil unions of the District, t
your favorable regard " - - -',
Every effort has been mide to protect o...
Iror.tjer. I'mTthat of jhe Cdjoliiing Mexico
State, from the incursions , of the , India,,
tribes. Of about U,000. men of which
nrm is composed nearly 8.000 are cmpl
111 the defence of;, the newly-acquainted -territory,
(including Texas) and f of Emigrants
proceeding ihereto.it I am "erotified1 to' sky
ihat these enorts bare been Unusaulty sat
cesslul. With? the rxceptioii' oPsotne par
tial outbreaks in California itud Ortnnn nn !
occasional depredations on a; poritorT cf 'the
uio uranue, owing, 11 is Deiievcd. to the c.b--tmbed
atale of thai bnnUr. rroinrS 1 'tha.
ronJa of the Indians; have bertt't-ffectuallv
resiraiucd. -'v ;i'"Vi"4:' .i
Experience hnsi almnrn . finti'rvr I'ui
whenever lhef two races are .-brought'- ii D
contact, collisions will inevitably occur. Ta
Prevent iheaABaioM.: fh,tlniW.' Ktt
iiava generally set apnrtv portions' o ther
territory for theecuve -ciipatiorr of ih?
Indian tribes. A: difficulty occurs; hovcve
in the application of ihia-policy ;lo Tpx j . - -By
the lerma.of ..the compact i by .'which i'
Siale was udmittrd into ihe-Union, he i
mined fie owner.hio of all the vacam 1 1
within her limits, The 'government cf :
Stale, it is underjiood, has nssisrned i
lion of her territory1 lo the Indians ; Lji ni
fast ns her settlements advahre layi it oil
into counliesnnd proceed to Survey and
sell it. This policy irianif.-. 'y l h J not on
ly to alarni and irritate the Indi tna, bot lo
compel ihein l. resort to plunder for subsis
tance. It also deprives this 'Government of.
mat innuenee and control over iheov wanout
tl'li ,ll ..A JP.. . . LI ' ' . .. r it h..
........ utl nurauiu jience cnn rvr ;
tween them and the whites. I irust, ihersfure,
that. a due regard for her own interests, era"
from considerations sf, humanity, and juticc.
will jnduca thai Sills lo ig a small por
tion f hct.wt'jlamaiV fihe piovuir.al
a . . II . nn.li iV Irtn.u -
occupaccy oi ine wnun rcrni-
f uS. i,i,rf anhiVet of csorse to btr
ownership anil'erniuI jurisdiction. II .h
frlhteXh the- fulfilment of o4
t
our
!n7lto the Government- IV hoj e
everilhat timely end just ffuvi
Hi
Texae may ayertiws va,
. V- r v t , - '
' . ,1