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Cfje CimtmerdHl
WILMIXQTON, N. C:
SATURDAY. JUNE 22 1851.
FOR GOVERNOR:
GEN. ALFRED DOCKERY.
INTERESTS OF NORTH CAROLINA
IN THE WORK OF
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT.
My Countrymen :
Will you permit one who was born
among you, and fields to none in honesi
uffeciion for our good old State, to present,
not without diffidence, the following facts
and suggestions, on a subject of vital and
common interest in North Carolina. The
writer has no personal ends to serve. Ma
ny years have elasped since circumstances,
which he could not control, separated him
from his native Slate ; he has, however,
not ceased to watch, with the solicitude of
affection, her progress since he left her
borders ; and he has endeavored, uninflu
enced by local or personal interests, quietly
To study and discover, if he could, the
measures most likely to promote the pros
perity of the whole Stale.
In some particulars he may err (for he is
fallible); and therefore, far from presuming
to dictate, he would but bring this, his
humble offering to a great cause, deeply
interesting to the country he loves best on
earth, in the hope that his remarks may
perchance prove at least suggestive of bet
ter thoughts than his, to the strong and
eminently practical minds of some of his
countrymen, now occupied with the sub
ject of internal improvement in North Car
olina. The mere construction of a railroad,
without reference to its termini, or the
country, over which it passes, is not im
provement. There is no magical potency
in the mere existence of such a road, neces
sarily conducive to wealth. It must be
constructed to some particular p.ul ; and if
his be not judiciously studied, and appre
ciated by the scale of proboMe results, it is
obvious that money may be sadly misap
plied in its construction. Hence, if a sin
s,e town w"uld iuild a road to terminate
villain its limits, the first inquiries are:
"will it benefit the town to an extent equi
valent to the outlay of money in its con
struction?" "what products will it brino
to the town for sale, for manufacture or for
exportation?" "through what region of
country will it pass, and what both in quan
tity and value, are the products of that
country?' The subject thus presents itself
to be examined judiciously in ali its ucir
ings, and the road, if resolved on, res;s on
a previously arranged system. This, how
ever, while it plainly illustrates the indis
'pensable need of a-systematized plan oi
proceeding, covers the mere local and par
ticular interests of the supposed single
town.
But there is a larger and more extended
interest, requiring precisely similar judici
ous investigation and treatment, when we
let our view reach over the limits of the
whole Stale, of which that town forms but
-a part. If the town benefits by system in
its proceedings, so also obviously will the
State be benefited by first establishing a
systematic plan, and then carrying it out
as an entire unity. The State therefore has
questions to investigate as well as the
town. She must for instance ask, :vhat j
are my products in all their variety ni:d j
abundance?' 'where are they situated ?'
'how can I best afford facilities to produ
cers to convey their surplus to a market ?'
-nave I ports. and harbors, either good by
nature, or to be made good by labor.
ready has; and secondly what 6he requi
res, and has not. We come therefore to
the question, 'what does North Carolina
already possess that may be made avail
able in a general scheme of internal im
provement V
HARBORS AND INLETS.
The coast of North Carolina has long
been more remarkable for its dangers, real
or supposed, tht.n perhaps any equal ex
tent of the Atlantic boundary of the United
States. If we proceed southward from
Sandy Hook, the most eastern projection of
land on the whole coast, down to the south
ern extremity of Florida, will be found at
Cape Hatteras, near the centre of the ocean
boundary of North Carolina. This projec
tion gives to the coast of our State a pecu
liarity of formation unlike that of any other
Atlantic State in the Union : north of the
eape, the coast trends a little to the west of
north ; while south of it, its general direc
tion is south-west by west, leaving how
ever a considerable portion running due
west from Cape Lookout, with a large ex
tent of open sea directly south of it. It is
this peculiarity of outline which has ren
dered the coast, at once extensive and
dangerous. The conflict of winds and
currents at Hatteras has produced its una
voidable consequence in the creation of a
shoal extending some distance from the
land; while the region north of it presents
a shore liable to perpetual change from
every stormy wind, whether it come from
the north, the north-east, the east, the
south-east, or even the west. The ever
changing sands are consequently produc
ing constant changes in the inlets along
this coast. We have historic evidence of
the fact. Not a good inlet now remainr,
and yet deep inlets existed when the first
colonists came to Roaokc Island. South
of the cape tin- coast is exposed, with one
remarkable exception to be noticed present
ly, to every wind from the north-east and
east around by the south to the south-west.
It is not therefore a coast likely to afford
good inlets.
If we enumerate the entrances from the
sea, beginning at the north, we have these
inlets ; Currituck, New, Ocracoke, Cedar,
Uld Topsail or Beaufort, and the inlet at
the mouth of Cape Fear river. Roanoke,
winch once existed between the Currituck
and the New, has long since been closed.
Of these, Ocracoke, OKI Topsail and Cape
Fear are the most important, and indeed
the only ones which here retpiire notice.
(Jcracih- Inlet An inspection of the m ap
will show that ihe portion of the country
which must find its egress to the sea
through this inlet, is as follows : viz : I
1. The counties' on the north side ( f Al- !
bemarle Sound : viz.. Currituck. Camden.,
SSnSSnBSSBI
on the bar, while on the chart itself ' be
marks but fifteen. Professor Bache, super
ntendent of the Coast Survey, in his chart
if 1851, represents is as having seventeen
oeet of water on the bar at mean low wa
ter. About four feet four inches was the
highest rise of tide he observed ; the mean
may be computed at two feet and a half.
The report on the Coast Survey, made to
Congress in 1851, states that "a ship draw
ing twenty feet water can leave at any
state of the tide, with almost any wind,
and discharge her pilot at sea in from thir
ty to forty-five minutes after weitrhino- an.
chor."
Of this inlet and harbor, the following
facts may be affirmed. c
1. From the survey of Wimble in 1738
up to that of Prof. Bacho in 1851 (132
years), scarce any charges have occurred-
and such as have, have tended to make the
inlet and harbor belter instead of worse.
2. Wimble's survey shows the depth of
channel inside of the bar to have been in
his day, very much the same that it 'now
is; and the Coast Survey of 1851 states
that "during the last thirtv"
not appear to have, been any particular
change, either in the shore line or shoals
uithin the limits of the harbor. The caus
es and action of tide, fcc, which first form
eil them, seem to coivinue them in their
general position and extent."
3 The outside beach or -bank," protec
ting the harbor from the sea, is of an aver
age width of about half a mile. "The
sand-hills and ridges upon it (says the re
port on the Coast Survey) are from twenty
to thirty-five or forty feel high, thus for
ming a good and sufficient shelter from
both wind and sea, to all vessels anchored
inside the banks; the holding ground is al
so good."
4. The harbor is very spacious, and the
water deep enough ; a hale labor will
make the land at Lenoxville, Beaufort, and
Shepard"s Point all immediately contigu
ous to any depth of water required.
5. There are certain natural causes like
ly to keep this inlet and harbor in their
present condition. The experience of 123
years would seern to establish these c ius
es as sufficient. They are as follows :
I. The shore here runs east ?.nd west,
fronting to the south. To the eastward of
this inlet Cape Lookout projects some eight
or ten miles southwardly into the sea, form
ing thereby a cove, in which this inlet is
placed, li makes a natural breakwater.
The repcrf of the officer intrusted with this
part of the Coast Survey, represents Cape
Lookout as a prominent cause why the in
let has hitherto been preserved, and will
continue to keep open, with probpbly deep-
er water than any other harbor on tl e
Beaufort are probably the best on our whole
eastern sea-coast, KJtjth of the Chesapeake
Bay, ipve fattlit otXGkcL, and
needs' no , edtttoent.? Tbis;2 expressed
with caution."' tii tlje yiew'ojf the preser.t
writer, more might safely hive been said :
in his opinion, U is tk6esif&tepl that of New
York, on our whole Atlantic coast; no ex
ception is made of the harbora on the Che
sapeake, because there is voter enough at
Beaufort, and it lies immediately on the sea.
Thirty-five or forty minutes takes a ship in
or out. According to the sailing directions
on the chart of the coast surveyors, "it
can be entered with the wind from any point,
except between north and west ;" and in
side, "it affords shelter from all winds."
As there is water enough for all purposes,
these circumstances give it a decided ad
vantage over Norfolk, for instance, which
is situated many miles from the sea. Tilth
voter enough, the nearer the sea, the better
the harbor ; because (says the Coast Sur
vey) " there is no river or inland naviga
tion to delay or require the tovving of large
vessels."
By placing a few lirht3 and buovs
(pointed out in the Coast Survey report of
1851), we are informed that '-with such
guides, a stranger could enter, by day or
night, without fear."
On the whole then, we conclude that
with the exception of New York. JYorth Car
olina has, in Beaufort, tlie best harbor and inlet
on our whole Atlxntic coast.
Ldet to the Cape Ear Riccr. When we
reflect how nobly Wilmington has exerted
herself, in the cause of internal improve
ment, we cannot but regret the serious
drawback to her prosperity, that is found
in the entrance from the aea into the Cape
Fear River. The coast immediately west
of Cape Fear, is somewhat like that at
Beaufort in its position ; that is, it runs east
and west, but not for so large a distance
as at Beaufort. The projection of the
wonui seem to lurnisn a protec
tion in the cove it forms, similar to that uf
forded by C;pe Lookout, at Beaufort ; but
the inlet is not. as at Beaufort, into a mere
bay, making in from the sea; but into the
river Cape Fear, which, wiih its tributaries,
almost crosses the entire State, and reaches
nearly to the Virginia line. The river it
self has been one of the groat natural
causes that have contributed to produce
the difficult and dangerous navigation at
its entrance. A river of equal size empty,
ing itself into the harbor of Beaufort, would
soon begin to produce similar results.
The prosperity of Wilmington is a mat
ter of moment to the State, and we there
fore hope, that all the artificial means
which science can suggest, may be suc
cessfully adopted to facilitate the ingress
from the rf.rtMi into the !re Fe-r ?ivrr
, The public spirit of the town has done very
much, nnd we trust the Oeneral Govern
ment will freely nid in doing all that is
possible. It is important to preserve the
commercial prosperity of Wilmington
The Stale gets the whole benefit of'it ; for
it keeps a large a.id profitable trade within
North Carolina. We cat not, however,
conceal from ourselves that fact that a
great deal must be done to open, and keep
open, the best approaches thai can be made
to the port of Wilmington. We cannot
indeed, make for her such facilities ns na
ture has made for Beaufort; but we can
keep for her all she now has, and try to
get more. And Wilmington has fairly en
titled herself to all that we can do for her.
She first stepp d forward boldly, and that
too, when she was small in population, and
limited in resources, to redeem the State
from a depression which had driven away
very many of her sons into other lands.
Thus far. nearly all that has been done to
this end, has been done by her, and we
should, therefore earnestly desire her in
crease and prosperity No little spirit of
local rivalry should induce either Wilming
ton, on the one hand, to desire a monopoly
of all the trade and profits of the Stnte r r
the inhabitants of other localities, on 'the
other, to withhold sympathy and aid in the
noble struggle which she is making to
overcome natural disadvantages. She graj -pies
with them boldly, and, therefore, were
there no other reason for it, deserves sup
port from us all. But there is another rea-
i;ai - W 1 1 m tnn.ffln ..til I. ! 1 i
oui. . . """"5iuu nun ner ranroaas torm s
part of the very system of improvement
which the present writer would humbly
and respectfully suggest to his country
men. Should the system be entirely car
ried out ; nay, if Beaufort became a com
mcrcial city of many thousands; if all the
railroads of the contemplated system were
built; still would the necessity of Wilming
ton but be the more apparent. Look on
the map at the slmpe of the Pta'e. Her
line of coast is nearly ns Ion" as her
northern beundury line, separating her
from Virginia, and quite as long as The line
which divides her from South Carolina
while her remotest west converges to a
point, with Tennessee north-west of her.
and South Carolina on the south. No oth
er Atlantic State but Florida, has such an
extent ot coast. lJ.,ck of this cn.wt
reaches in u straight line from the point of
Ciipe Hatteras to the western side of Cher
okee County, 450 miles; and possesses
within her borders an almost incredible
amount of mineral and other wealth, little
known however beyond her limits.
lie knows but little of the capacity of a
railroad for transportation who irna(rinos
that one line from west to east will "neet
the demand for transportation of a country
like this. He is equally ignorant who
supposes that three hundred miles of coast
does not need, in a country almost triangu
lar, of which the coast is the base line,
more than one commercial depot, if it be
possible to obtain A. Again, the widest
part of the State from north to south is
precisely from Wilmington to Virginia.
Railroads from the west may cross merely,
in two lines, or even three, some of the
counties which border on a line from Wil
mington due north to Virginia ; but what
facilities do they afford those counties (ex
tending over 180 miles) for transDortation ?
The shape of our territory requires of U3
not merely to stretch our iron arms to our
remotest west : but also to afford facilities
to that broad range, in the east, that reach
es from New Hanover to Northampton.
Why should it be driven to the commercial
towns of our northern neighbor, when we
can furnish it with one at home? But we
are anticipating : we return therefore to
our subject of rjnrbois to say, io conclusion,
that as to intes and harbors, Ocracoke
Beaufort, and Cape Fear, should alone oc
cupy our attention. The first is available
for small craft only, and cives amnio rea
son to fear that natural causes will ever
prevent its being much, if any, better than
it is : as to the second, it is as good as
we could desire ; or at least, so good that
it offers facilities for carrying on commerce
both foreign and domestic on a large scale,
and in, ships of .large size: and as to the
Pa
and
o
j :o i : , k . I't-.-rj . : :n.
Hertford.
The counties between Aibmnrle
and Patnplico S-Jtinds: viz , Tyrn 1, Hyde.
Washington.
! 3. Tile towns of New Berne in Craven.
; ! Washington in Beaufort County '
i Here is a large extent of territory, covering
' more than one half of the maritime conn
j ties of the State; and many of these counties
j (those in the northern p.tri) are among the
I muse fertile agricultural regions we have.
J If Ocracoke is a good and safe' inlet, this
j region is well provided, by nature, with all
it wants for commercial prosperity. We
have, therefore, next to ask, 'what is Ocra
coke, as an inlet ?'
From the survey of Wimble, made by
authority, in 173?, it would appear that
racoke consisted tben of but ow inlet
It
explains the nnerniinrt of ihiw
whence I, as a State, can freely communi
cate with the world outside of me, and, bv
sending abroad the surplus, receive in re
turn, money or its equivalent, which will
enrizh my citizens.' All these and many
other questions are to be answered before
the State can wisely resolve on any sys
tem. Bui a system it must hare, if it would
perform aright the duty it owes to itself
There is also this strongly marked differ
ence between a system devised for a sin
gle locality and one designed for a whole
Stat The former may benefit itself only,
at the eXDense Of the I ltrrr Uv inlorforinir
4 - --.v-.j J mn- iv i'
with the higher interests of a general sys
tem ; -hile the latter, by executing a gen
eral sj-stem judiciouslj' devised, cannot but
include in the execution, and therefore bo
Jiefit, ttcry locali'.y really susceptible of
permanent improvement. Generals mny
and will comprehend particulars; but par
ticulars may be isolated, an 1 not belong to
generals.
Another consideration belongs to gener
al systems, which is wanting in those that
are local merely. The former may be so
arranged (at least so far as circumstances
will permit) as to concentrate in some degree
The benefit of'improvements. making them
of value to the State as a wh;lc, by giving
her the largest return from the sale of her
own surplus productions; while the latter
may purchase for themselves indeed a lo
cal benefit, but by means which impover
ish the general wealth, in affording facili
ties for the transportation of products to foi
ign depots, when better ones can be found
at home. There is no selfishness in seek
ing to secure (as far a3 circumstances will
permit) to the State herself, the value of
that which the State herself produces ; but
theee is a selfishness which, in the end.
will prove (as all selfishness does) short
sighted indeed, in the determination to seek
only a local benefit, regardless of the injury
it may inflict on a wide-spread territory, of
which the selfish spot forms but a frag
ment.
Now it is just this conflict between gen
eral and local interests which has caused
so much money to be wasted, both in our
wn country, and in England, upon ran
roads. Fortunately, North Carolina has
not yet proceeded so far in the actual work
as to prevent the adoption of a wise general
system ; what she has already done may be
incorporated into such a system, and we
therefore proceed respectfully -to suggest
some thoughts as to what that system
should Ue. It may take time thoroughly
J -"vie;e n , soma Ot 113 minor acta is
too may doubtless be ad vantageously mod
ified; aod rW detaSIs may be acWect, the
value of which can only be revealed here-
lLV' nC,f Td circutances now un
known. But the great features of the sys
bK" "J ?Uin; and l "ay pir
haps be deemed wwe to a f l d
jta. for those great feature,- i . i
fi,r. work p. u, pt' ,'
In endeavoring to devise a system of
ternal improvement for anv rniiM..
have first to inquire what the country al-
afturu ng a depth of seventeen f.e.t on the
bar, and that Teache s hole within, had a
depth of four fathoms. The channel, how
ever, after passing the bar. shows on the
chart, a depth in some places of but eight
or nine feet, and the greatest channel depth
marked on the chart is but fifteen.
The actual survey made by Price, about
fifty years ago. shows great changes at
Ocracoke. There are on his chart liro
bars: thi.t at the north marked ten feet in
depth, and that at the south- eighteen.
Teache's hole is a small channel on the
west side of Ocracoke, wiih but six feet of
water in it. Tim channels are also seen!
I after crossing ihe bar; one on the north.
called :Ship Channel, ' with Irom two to
seven fathoms of water in some parts ; but i
also with two most serious obstructions 1
i rnnst
cause Iioin the luct lhal ihe cape a fiords a
i shelter, and occasions also an eddy current.
1 "The influence of these currents u; on the
I inlet, opening, as it does, to the south, and
' in the 'bite' of the cove immediately under
: it, is to ct and carry airay the sands and
: shoals which storms may throw up, and
deposit them at the top of the cape. At
least, it is obvious that the influrnce which
; has formed Cape Lookout, and creates the
deep water and bold shore of this cove, im
mediately south of it, will not allow uny
deposits to take dace at a point where the
eddy and counter currents have their grea
test effect ; while the projection of the cape
anil the shoals extending beyond it, prevent
the action of the sea within this cove from
being as great, or having the same effect,
as upon a coast presenting n unprotected
and nearly even outline to the action of
s'orms and breakers, as is the case on the
shores both above and below Cape Look
out and Cape Hatteras." This view is, we
humbly think, sustained by the law of phy
sics ; and the attentive rtader will perceive
that the effect of cutting and carrying a
way the sands in the cove, to deposit them
at the point of the cupe, is constantly to
inr -ease the extent of shelter and protection
to the inlet which the cape already so sig
nally affords. It perpetuates, ther-fore, the
inlet.
II. Another natural cause for the excel
ltnce of this inlet and harbor arises from
the fact that the harbor is in effect nothing
more than a bay or basin formed by' the sea
atone, ao tiisli water rivers uomthe inte
rior feed it, and bring down a depo-it to
meet me tiuai innux irom ti.e sea anu m is
the one about midway, called the ' Bulk-! contribute to fill up the harbor, or create
urau, wucie uic waier ij-uuiienieciueep;;
the other at the northern ex:remitv of the I
bar. The report of the Coast Survey thu
speaks : ' 1 he current throuin the inlet
channel where tne depth is but eight and j I3 wholly a tidal one, and the back waters
a half feet, al a jdacc known as the of ' Bogue' and ' Core' sounds, and from
'Swash.' The other or southern channel, ' Newn.irt' and ' North' river nrrnmi. !,,.
in
we
which passes on the south side of Shell
Castle, is known as "Wallace's Channel.'1
This has from one to five fathoms in cer
tain parts; bui like the Ship Channel, has
also iwo obstructions, the one "ivinc a
depth of but twelve feet, and the "other" af
fording but seven and a half.
A "Beacon Island" appears to have ex
isted when both charts were made ; yet
the same land is not designated by that
name in both charts. In Wimble's dav
(1738.) the seventeen feel bar was between
the south end of Orcacoke Island and
Beacon Island. In October, 1749, a storm
so completely destroyed the latter, that it
disappeared entirely; and in Price's day, a
spot of dry sand had begun to show itself
in its former place ; while ihe Beacon Is
land of Price, is' nearly two miles north of
ihe spot, and is situated between the two
chani.els. There facts may serve to show
the changes to which this inlet is liable;
and unhappily each change seems to be
ior me worse. a tradition may exist
among the dwellers at t 'cracoks, of eigh
teen feet of water having once covered j
their bar; but probably no pilot, now living
there, ever saw such ;.n auspicious occur- j
rence. The truth is, that (to use the lan- j
guage of the report on the Coast Survey);
.h J shores b mi above and below Caj e
Lookout ami Cape Hatteras, present an
unprotected and nearly even outline to the
actions of storms and breakers." Great
and frequent changes are consequently un
avoidable. It will hence be seen that this
inlet is quite uncertain, dangerous and
changeable at best; and consequently, that
part of the State to which it affords access
from ihe sea, must correspondingly suffer.
Old Topsail or Beavfort Inlet. This is
-iK:.r. fi v mi!"-; d.s;,t:.t f.-o..i . raccorfe.
by an air line, and is situated to the west
toard of Cape Lookout, th coast running
from the Cape almost due vest, for some sev
enty or eighty m les, and consequently,
having for that distance the sea immediate
ly south of it. It is this part of the coast
which presents the "remarkabled excep
tion" to which we have alluded above.
The only regtort to which access is af
forded from: without by this inlet, is Beau
for and the lands in Carteret County.
As to this inlet, Wimble represents it, in
the sailing directions attached- to his chart
of 1738, as having seventeen feet of water
Newport' and ' North' rivers, accumulate
no more on the flood tidd than escapes on
j the ebb ; they are also of such cx'.ent. and
i so located, as to be materially affected by
the tide, being filled and emptied by the
flood and ebb ; and there are no fresh wa
ter feeders to either of the rivers, sufficient
to at ail affect their currents" In fact,
what are called "Newport" and "North"
ricers will be seen, on an inspection of the
map, to be nothing more than an extension
of the bay that makes in from the ocean
The report thus proceeds : - 1 'here is thus
a strong and continual tidal current through
the inlet, and this current is not lost or over
powered by a heavy swell from the sea,
deadening its effect, and throwing back the
sand which it displaces, in shoals and bars ;
but it runs with the eddy current of the
cove into which the inlet opens, and the
same action and effect is continued ihat the
current out of the inlet produces, all tend
ing to preserve and deepen the channel."
The absence of any large body of water
to the westward of 'his harbor and inlet, fur
nishes also a natural advantage which pro
perly belongs to the consideration of this
subject. If the reader will look upon the
map of the State, and observe any cf ihe
inlets. on the coast, opening from the large
sounds, he will at once perceive the supe
rior position of the inlet ami harbor at
Beaufort. Take Ocracoke for instance;
it is surrounded by water. A wind from the
west affects it as injuriously as any other.
j Such a wind operating on the large body
of water inside may do quite as much in
jury ns a storm from the ocean on the east.
For what must be the effect of a heavy
westwardly storm ? The report of the Coast
Survey an3wers. It -'prevents the tide
from flowing through the inlets from thej
ocean, w!:ne ihe water and surf from t he
sound heave up swashes and shoals on the
inside' And this -explains the perpetual
changes of channel and shoals inside of
the bar at Ocracoke. Now. suppose the
storm to come on the east, from the sea,
the effects are still worse ; for, as th re
port says, "the waters of the sound are
driven back, and shoals are thrown up and
formed across the mouth of the inlet, with
out any counter influence to prevent or
carry them away."
No wonder that with such facts existing,
the report to Congress, of 1851,- should
thus speak :,iThat the inlet and. bar.of
third, while vessels of the largest size can
not enter it, and probably never will, it
still, we trust, may be improved, and can
carry on a lucrative commercial business
in smaller craft ; and is very important to
the State as one of her commercial towns.
RIVERS
We shall speak first of those which
find their outlets in the sounds and Allan
tic.
An inspection of the map will show us
in tne north-east corner of the State a
number of streams, short but broad, empty
ing into Aioemarl bound on its northern
side. -Of th ese Pasquotank and Chowan
alone require our notice. Upon the first,
in tne county ot Pasquotank, stands the
flourishing town of Elizabeth City: and
on the last, or near its junction with the
Sound, is Edenton. Vessels come in at
Ocracoke, and go up to botn ; but the nav
igation ODviously is very tedious, not to say
dangerous. The region north of these two
towns is, however, very fertile, and its pro
ductions are much more apt to reach the
sea by way of Norfolk and the Chesa-
peake, than by Ocracoke. The 'Meat Dis
mal Swamp Canal long ago made this
Prt C the Stale somewhat tributary to
irginia.
the Roanoke entering Albeiwnarl at its
western extremity, is the next large river
with which we meet in our progress south
ward. Between it and ihe Chowan, how
ever, comes in a small stream, the Cashie.
on which stands the town of' Windsor in
Bertie County. On the Lower Hrtanoke.
Plymouth, Williamston, anil Hamilton ore
the most important places. Vessels come
to these, and boa's can navigate the river
for some distance above. 'Yhi country on
the Roanoke is in general fertile ; but its
products are for the most part, we believe,
disposed of in Virginia. North Carolina
does not derive from the nonh-eastern sec
tion of the State (unquestionably one of
ner most valuable for agricultural purposes)
any thing at all equal to that which Vir
ginia, by artificial means solely (ihe Dis
mal Swamp Canal), has drawn awnv from
it.
Leaving the Roanoke, we come next
upon the Tar, which, at its lower extrem
lty, takes the name of Pamplico, and ernp
tics into Pamplico Sound. On the Pam
plico stands, in the County of Beaufort, the
flourishing lown of Washington. This
town, by means of plank roads, which
ceivre at Greenville on the river, and are
brought from the country above and around
that place, commands a considerable trade,
by moans f the r.vcr, which is navigable
as fat as Greenville. An effort is in pro
gress to make the strenin navigable above
from Greenville to Tarborough. It can
'indoub'ediv be done, and when done will
add to the prosperity of Washington. She
has, however, in common with all that part
of the Slate, the waters of which commu
nicate with the sea at Ocracoke, a barrier
to her progress, which probably no human
skill will ever entirely overcome. She will
always want a good inlet there.
(TO BE rONTl-M ED )
TAYLOR'S INTERNATIONAL
HOTEL, BKOADWA Y, (Cor. of Kranlin Street,
NEW VOKK.
IS completed and opened lor travellers v.ho de
sire agreeahie and attractive aeconmiodai ion s.
It is conducted unon the principle of the best Eu
ropean Hotels, the meuls being served in the seve
ral apartments, or at the tables in thcoiilotn, at
the option of guest. The Hold and V urn i l ii rn
combine elegance wjth comfort, and is designed
well for too convenient reception of travel
lers by the !alc truins.
JOHN TAYLOR, 'Proprietor.
. Jn. 20. l3Mye.
TO THE SICK AND AFFLICTED.
D.t. SWAYNK'S COMPOUND SYRUP OF
WILD CHERRY,
The mott tffcttual and tpetdy CCRE KNOWN
FOR CONSUMPTION Cough; Colds, Atthma,
Bronchitit. Liver Complaint. Spiling blood. Dif
ficulty of Breathing, Paint in the Side and Breast,
PalpiUition of the ileart. Influenza, Croup, Broken
Constitution, Sore Uiroai, JS'ervous Jfebility, and
all Diseases of the Throat. Breast, and Lxivg.
GllKAT CUllE OK THOMAS DICKSON, .
After having been given up to die by Physician
and friend.
Poi.vt op Rocks, Kbeoeeick Co., Mb.,
June 9ih, 1851. )
DR. SWAVNE: Dear Sir Believing it a doty
1 owe ro the public, and in justice to you, 1
have thought proper to make known one of the
most extraordinary cures. in my own caae, that
has ever been truly recorded. In tr.e month of
October last, I was afflicted with a severe gather
ing in my breast, which formed a large abcest
and alo communicated to my lungs and very
much afflicted them, and discharged large quan
tities of corruption, external and internal. Aly
breath could also pass through my lungs and out
through the cavity of my breast with apparent
ease, attended wiih a violent couch day and night,
loss of appetite, and extreme debility, so that my
physicians though t my case extremely hopeless
and beyond t he power of medicine. 1 remained
in this wretched condition for a Ions time, until 1
was wasted to a mere skeleton, and there seemed
to be no hope for me, but, hnvins; read in the pub
lic papers of the ninny wonderful cures performed
by your COAIPOU.VD SYRUP OK WILD
CU KK RY, I immediately sent to Bah i more for
five bottles and comm. need its use, and, to my
great satisfaction and that of my anxious family,
tne aoscessor opening in my lungs began to heal,
and the ci ugh subsided, and on using len Doitlcs
I was restoted to perfect health. 1 feel very grate
lui, and firmly believe that in your medicine, un
der the blcsMngs of Divine Providence, I am in
debted for this great change, and am happy to soy
that 1 am now enjoying a; good health as I ever
have.
Yours. Very respectddty. THOS. DIXON.
The subscriiii r i- w 11 n (juainli d with Thomas
Dixon, and can testily thai he ha been .-.fflieted as
above represented. I resrard his recovery as almost
a miracle. He is a worthy member of society.
JAMES K. DIJRBOUOW,
Paster of the Berlin Circuit, Baltimore Conference,
It aives tone to the stom ic'i, strengthens the
digestive organs, and is the original and only true
preparation of Wild Cherry manufactured. Ob
serve particularly the portnii' of Dr. Svvayne U
on the wrapp'-r. around each bottle.
Lobor ito'y for th: manufacture and a!e of all
DK. S WAYNE'S MEDICINES, No. 4 NORTH
SEVENTH ST, ahove M:irket, Phi adelphia.
For sale Wholesale and Krtail by
C. d D DuPRE,
V iJmington, N. C.
April 25. 17-ly.
MACKEREL. ,
A FEW fbt) new So. I Mackerel, ic,t sale br
KttKEJf AN A. HOUSTON.
June 6.
35.
BRICKS.
QA rrTUARD,mooih Brick, to frire,
jvvv ior aaie oy
May 16.
KREEMAN A HOUSTON.
MRS. KING,,
273 King Street, between Wentworth and Society
Streets. Charleaton. S.C.
MANUFACTURES in ery a u per Ior tylej
Wigs, Taupeea, Plain Bands and Curia, Ear
Rings, Breast Pins and Bracelet, and all kinds of
Kanry Hair Plaiting. Orders thankfully received
by Mail or otherwise. Charges moderate. Ad
drees ns abore. -
April 13. 12 Ijrc.
COPARTNERSHIP NOTICE.
Til K Undersigned hie this day formed a Co
partnership, under ihe nsnle of COSTLV
tor tne transaction or the Luni-
GREGG &. CO
bcr Businefs.
March 16.
MILES COSTIM.
J. ELI GREGG,
ALFRED SMITH,
J. G. LITTLEFIELD.
131-if.
MESS PORK.
" f RRJ.R now landing for anl l
OU FREEMAN A HOUSTON.
May 30.
31.
TO THE LADIES.
HENRY'S INVIGORATING CORDIAL,
PURELY VEGETAULE IN ITS
COMPOSITION.
spills invaluable Cordial, is extracted from Herbs
JL and Kools, which huvc been found af'er vema
of experience, by the most sMIlful Physicians, lo
beiioitcsscd of qualities most beneficial in the ilia-
eases ior which i, is recommended, and hence
whilst it is presented to the public, as an effica
cious remedy, it is also known to be ol that charac
ter on which reliance may be placed as to itssafety.
In cases of Impotency, I loemorrhnges. Disordered
Steti.ii y, .Menstruation, or Suppression ol the Men
ses, Eluor Albus or V hit, s. dr lor
J) E IS I LIT V
arifing from any cuuec . such as we.iUn. f from sick
ness. where the patient lias been confined to bed for
some time, for Fcinslenlt-r Confinement, Abortion
or ?.Iin-irri:iL.'c, tliis f' .r.M.il cN'iru.i tv i .vllt! jn
iis s.ilutnry rliuets : or in loss of Aluseiilai Energy
Irritability, Phycical Prostration, .Seminal Weak
ness, Palpitaiion of the Heart, Indigestion, Slug
gishness, Decay of the Procreative Functions, Ner
vousness, Vc, where a toxic .Medicine is required
it will be foundequal, if not superior to any Com
pound ever used.
TO FE MALES.
Itenry'tLivigornclrrg Cordial, is one of the most
invalu.ilile Medicines in the many Complaints to
which FciimI.is are subject. It ussis's nature to
bract the whole system, check exect-ses. and creates
renewed health and h.ippiness. Less suffering,
dij-eai-'C and unhappincssamong Ladies would exist
were they sjenerally coadopt the tire of this C M
dial. Ladies who are debilitated bv those obstruc
tions hich females .-ire liable to. are retort d bv
the use oi a bolt ! or two, to bloom and to vi-'or "
1 Ol. Xt, ME. V. '
That so'itHfy practii e.
OPEF!D Ihij rnornin, a mignificent stork of
. E n broideries, including Jaconelt, India Moll,'
and Swiis Collars, Chiniiz-ll nnd Underdecves
l--o, Ueal Honiion, Real Maltese, and Real Va-
nrene do. do, all in set ; not in sets .M usln Col
lar?, Ueal llonilon do. and .Muslin vvilh Valenccno
I. ace attached ; als , a largo nss jrtment of Under
sleeves, all of the richest and newet-l pattern.
Hy the same Express received! Dresses, Kich
-Si'k drcnidincs and Tissue, plain do. do. assort-
Chillys. Black Silk M itts and Glove', and color,
cd Kid do.. Brown, Green, Blue, and Black lotted
Lnc Veils. For sale by
Ap:H IS. JAMES DAWSON.
Ced-
MOSCHETO NETTING.
VTADE and pui up on high r low post Be
lX sieuds, by W1LKIMSON & ESLER,
WHEAT, RUE. CORN & PEA FANS,
JUST in storcand for sale by
ct 3. J. M. ROBINSON.
CRYSTAL PALACE!
MERCHANT TAILOKING ESTABLISHMENT.
'IHE P oprietors of i his establishment beg
X leave to inform the citizens of Wilmington"
and ihe surrounding country, that their first ulii
tion of SPULNG GOODS will take place this
morning. The stock comprises the most Fn-li-ionable
Styles of the present season : Consisting-'
f line French, Belgium and German Cloth,
newest Deingns o French Ca.-hiincre and tplen
did ns.-tortiiunt of V, slings of all kinds. Also, a
large assortment ot xuperi r Ready nmze Clothing
suitable for the present season, all ol th br.e
Frenc h Fabric. Also, constantly kept on hand a
laree assortment of genii, inc n's furnishing good.
Second door below the Carolina Hotel.
K AH. WEILER dc BRO.
Moreli 7. j5n.
BOOT AND SHOE STORE.
Ci fatal Io t hft fYtHffno r f Al). Snl I flwr luo CL-1 J A U VI I
1 , 1 - - - -, waa.j3 IIOa U IIU J II USB Sr STf SI
it is the young Who are moM uni f.i ho. Uns. lMenxe ll rw .,,! '
GEORGE R. FRENCH, al his
clil stand . n Market sircci. iWai
leave to return his thanks to his 1
old friends arid customers for the liberal pnlronafs
uciciuiuic tAirmicu io nirii, anu io lniorin irte?i thai
his sioek of Boots and shoes, including evl'rV Vari
ety in his line is now as complete and os extensive
as at any former peiiod. His stock of Genrkniefv'
Koysand Children's Bo ils and Shoes embraces evc"
ry vaiic tyol styl , fashion and quality thai can be
desired, oi that is usually called ior, including 8 fine
assortment of Ladies. .Misses and Gcnticmcn'sOves
Shots.
He wovild particularly invite the attention r.f tha
Lndies to his extensive assortment of Ladiej and
Misses Leai her, Morocco. Ensinelcrf, Bronze, Pat.
Leather, Goat skin, black and white Kid nnd a va
riety of fancy colarrd Baots; Shoes arid Slippers.
Also, black, brown. Line, purple nnd variegated silk
Gaiteis. a new and handsome article, wiih and witii-
oui neeis. i. nan s lancv uarters al el 5 osir.
HOOP IRON AND NAILS.
THE subscriber will be conslantly receiving con
signments of these articles, of the best quality
and olFers them at lowest m-itket rates
JOSEPH R. BLOSSOM.
.March 23. 5tf
NOTICE. :"
rT" II F. subscriber, respectfully informs the public,
I tha I Ire is now r.i i i.seting the A uetion business
on his own account, nnd hopes by sirict.attcnlionto
business, to merit uconiinuanccofth.it patronage
heretofoie solibcmlly bestowed upon him.
, M. CKONLY.
Stock. Rea I Estate and Negroes, bought nnd sold
on a commUsionut 1 pr cent either at privareor
public sale.
Jan S, 1853 . I 26.
JUST TO HAND.
fRESH SODA, Butter, Milk, Sugar, and Pilot
L Cracker; 1 8 bb Is. handsome Brown S n a r .
0 MK Clarified, 10 Crushed, 10 Powdered and
5 Granulated; Fulton .Market Corn Birf; Smok
ei K ;cf j .New Cheese; Long No. 1 Mackerel;
Cod Fish, and various other items' that will be
found useful as well as ornamental, at the-Fami-ly
Grocery. 1000 lb. Kornegav's Extra Hams
Just to hand. GEO. .MYERS, Front st
M-y 18. 27
FIFTEEN THOUSAND DOLLARS
VORTH OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND BRO
VV gam. Having purchased our entire stock
just from the manufactories. e nre prepared to
oner tnuueements to Itie C'JcVA Vli Y MEtCU
A.V7'j equal to any estab lihment Sou ih of Bos
ton. April 3. JONES & GARDNER.
FILES!
FILES!! FILES!!!
FUST received a full assortment of Butcher's
genuine Saw Files. Also, th double tang extra
Mill Saw Files. J. M. ROBINSON.
April6. g
CIG Rs7t 0BA PC( ) A D SNUFF.""
A T TDK Cll Y CIGAR STORE
OPPOSITE the Market, (i'mcM Side ) Whole
sale and Retail, at price to surf customers.
Call and sec. VA.fSJCKLK.
May 11. 24 tf.
VALUABLE DWELLING HOUSE"
FOR SALE.
MTHE Subscriber offers for sale that most
desirable DWELLING AND PREMIS
ES, situate m the iWtii-Western intersec
tion oi nurd street with Red Cros street, the
Loi front ng 100 feet on R-ed Lrosj, atii 2"00fcct
on Thirst.
THe Duelling House, Kitchen. Sinoke-House,
Staples, and ail the oilier out-houses on the pre-uii.-ea,
have been built wilhin a few years, of
ohoico materials, in Ihe best manoer. and nearly
i i them covered with tin. The Dwelling
w . iNiiatiuun, n.mnsoiiieiy rrnlsned, and
most conveniently planned, and all the other build
ings are judiciously arranged, and well fitted np.
i here are few Lots in Wilmington so desirably
located and the improvements on which are so
admirably adaptrd for a family residence. Third
street on the entire Eastern line of this lot, is 99
Z ,' . lPara;es it from that on which a
new Episcopal Church is about to be erected.
i,,rS'Vn8 ,dmnS " purchase, can ascertain
v v sn,eb,y.app,ie",io to the subscriber, or
.'riw K"9t . or M.Cioklv, and the snK
Sept.8,1853. H'R-2S:
wanted:
2 OHO ? war. for which the Mfiesi
Match V n'ar''e, PTi- Wlii be lW io
- flicni LT. C. dk, B. G. WORTH.
STORETRUCKS,
QP various sizes, for sale by
9.
April 6.
nFH JUST RECEIFED.
Pe ap ,W-r""'! "I-. Soda Cr.ek
2 do S0d?',P4L0,B"?,,5 4 do- Mi,k Ackers;
5 do" W Fj&irf Sodi Cracker
NORTH CAROLINA HAMS.
ri( N M I Ss- rr for sate by
JKJJJ March. IS. r- orr.
C. PoDREACO.
o-uie its victims, irom an iirnorence of ihe rl.inar
to which they subject i hefrtselvi s. causes
NER I OL'S DEBILITY.
Weakness oi the System, and Premature Decay
Many of you may now bcsuffi;rinir. inl-led as to the
cause or source ol disease. To those, then, v. ho by
excess have brought on themselves Premature Im
potency, involuntary Seminal Emii-sions, Weak"
ness and Shrivtlling of the Genital Organs, Ner
vous Affections, or anvother consequences of'unres
traincd indulgence of the sensual passions, occa
sioning the necessity of renouncing the filicilies of
MARRIAGE.
lessening both mental and bodily capacity, Hold'
Henry's Invigorating Cordial, a MedlPin-j ' thot is
purely Vegetable, will aid nature lo restore thoee
important lunciions to a he.iit liy state, and will prove
of sei vice to you. It possesses rare virtue, s a
general retuuvtrof disease, and strcngihf r.er of the
syctcin
ASA TONIC MEDICINE.
it n unsurpassed. We do not place this Cor J lal on
a toofing with quack medicines, and, as is cu.-'toma-rv.
append a long li.-t of Recommendations. Cer
tificates, Ac, beginning with Hear v-hat the
Preaehei says.' arid saeh like 1 is tie! frefessary,
for ' Henry's Invigorating Cordial." only needs a
trial to prove that it will accomplish all we say.
THE GENUINE IERYS INVIGOltA.
TING CORDIAL:'
is put tip in 8 oz. Pannel Bottles, and is easily recog
nized by the Manufacturer's signature on the lable
of each Bottle, (to Counterfeit nflich is forsery.) ns
well as his private? Seal on the cork of each Bottle
O-SoldforS' per Bottle; Six for S3; 816 per
dozen.
Prcpircd only bv S. E. COI1 F.N. No. 3 Franklin
Row, Vine Street, below Eighth, Philadelphia pn
TO WHOM ALL ORDERS MUST BE AD
DRESSED. For Sale by all respectable Drucgi.-Ms
dt Merchants throughout the country.
ct. 29. 97-12m-c.
MORSE'S COMPOUND SYRUP OF
YELLOW DOCK ROOT.
THIS is a Purely Vegetable Compound, scicntifi
1 cally prepare d Irom the best Roots and Herb
of the Materia Vedica. and has gainedan unrivall
ed reputation for the follow ing flee ts iz
PURIFYING THE BLOOD,
nndthnscuringall Humors, Sores, Ulcers. Cutane
ous Eruptions. Canker, Scald Head, 4e
Rcgalatiu- and Cleansinc the Slnnmrh k Rnwd
thusit cures Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Cotfiveness,
l lies, e.
Strengthening the Utcrcstlvc Orcat
thuscausing the food to nourish andsupportevery
pari.
REGULATING THE SECRETARY OnGANS.
and, by enabling ihem to perform their proper func-
..ohs, eventing anacuring Bilious andothetpain
ful diseases.
Strenglhrnin? and Quieliugthe Nervous SyMfm,
inusiiidyinj ;ervous I rriiation, and curing all dis
ruses ui cue ierves.
It is nn rival led io the cure of all
fC.UALE DISEASES,
a. Weakness, I r regularity . Jbsf rati Ions, dr t.
. jijaou iii iu itihc, .iiu adir in an cases; act
ing in harmony with the restoring powers of nature
ii never injures out always bench! and cures, as
thousands of voluntary certificates from the best
.uiuyiHitF feuif. i reps rea oy
C. MORSE 4- CO.. 21 M.lidn-Ltfie, V y.
oom oy urugget:tnd otnersthroughout ttiiRan
oinerconntnes. a.u. - j. a. KVAKS, Agents,
Wilmington. N. C.
en'-30. SVIy-c
TOWAGE! T0VVAGE ! !
STEAMER Sam Bcary.A.M Gutb
Tie, master; Steamer Calhoun, Jot
SurineS. master, ire rear! w I all
times for business. Ordels for Towage will have
prompt attention if left at office of Af em.
GEO. HARRISS.
Jjmic ' " 33-tf.
SPRLXG A X D SU3I MElTSILKS
JUST received the Newest Designs out, by
KHAN WEILER A BRO
150.
Mr. French would also inform hi j friends r.H tha
public, that he is Slate Agrai for the sale of Davis'
Pain Killer and Wright's Indian Vegetable Pilla. by
either wholesale or retail.
floT40 02
CHANGE OF BUSINESS.
T -W I IrtRti-t 14 .
a .v i.i u soiu our entire siock of Confection
ary, we have opened at the same placa a hand
some assortment of Unhulsttrintr ti.uwtt Paw
Hangings. Vindo-e Shade. Curtains and Fix
turen. Mattresses, Feather Beds, Pillows, Cushions,
Lounges, cf-c fc.
H iv ui! superior workmen from t!e Xorth, we wil) -fit
up Private Hotixes, Hotels. Boardins House,
Steamboats, Kail Road Cars, Ac., in fact every
thins in the line of Business, nnd endeavor lo give
satisfaction. At the same time would return our
sincere ihanks for ihij very liberal patronage we
have h id for the last seven vears. ind shall endea
vor io in o i i t a fon'inu 'nee in our new Bu sines,
WILKINSON A KSLER,
March 13. I-tf, Market Street.
uaiiy Journalcopy.
March 7.
STEAMER SPRAY
FOR SMITH VILL.E AND ORTON.
y rKA HER SPRAY. Capt. JOHN
O B. PRICK, will ply between Wil
mington and Smithville, landipg at,
urion. as follows : , .
Leave Wilmington, Tuesday, Thursday, Satur
day, and Sunday Mornings, at 9 o'clock.
Leave SmithviUe, Tttrsdaf , Thursday, and Sat
urday Afternoon, at 3 o'clock, and Monday Morn
in?, at 8 o'clock.
tjT Passage One Dollar, Children and Servants
halt price.
FREIGHT at customary rates.
Apply to Captain on board, to
A H. VastBOKKKLEN,
ffo. 5 South Wharves.
March IP- 1-tf.
DR. S WAYNE,
AN Eminent Physician or Philadelphia, ,sa
given to the world the benefit of his expe
rience by preparing remedies suitable lo alinoct
every disease.
Dr. Siraijnc'i Campinnd Syrup of Will Cherry, for
Curing Couph, Ctitt, Cmianiption. and all
Discuses Of the Throat, Hreast and Lungs.
DR. SWAYNE'S VERMIFUGE,
For Destroying Worms, Curing Dyspepsia, Ac.
Dr. Swayne's Sugar Coated Sarsopa and Tar
Pill, a senile purgative and alterative Medicine,
lar superior lo ihe Pills in general use.
Dr. Swayne's Choh ra Morbus Dianhcea, and
Djsentery Cordial, a never falling remedy. A
freah supply just re ceived at
C. A D. DnPRE'S. Drug Store,
Sole Agents for Wilmington.
April 25. iT-tf.
tiios. b. CARR, jiTb 7d7d. s.
PRACTICAL DENTlaT for the last ten year's,
Charge fcr
10 or l.-ss artificial (eeth on fine gold piste,
each, $ 7 00-
An entire set of tee h on fine fold plate. 150 00
Ditto on i oM with artificial gums, 160 CO
Ditto on Platina plate with artifi
cial gums, ISO Of)
Upper or under ditto, each, 75 00
A Pivot tooth that cannot be distinguish
ed from the natural, S CO
A fine gold filli 'g. warranted permanent, 2 M
Do. and destroying the ntrve. 3 te I (M
Extracting a tooth, 60 e s. lo I (0
!'est dentifrices and too:h brushes always on hand.
Every operation uarrantcd to give entire satisfac
tion. Teeth inserted Itniuediaiely after Ihe extrac
tion of the fangs and remoddeled nfter the gums
hare shrunken, without additional charge.
Office on Market-st., 'i doors hclowih Chi'rch.
Wjlming;on. N. C. April 21. Ifi-tf.
LU3IBER.
A SMALL parcel ol prime Rirr Lumber,
Wide Boards and Scantling, tuff able tuf
Plantation purpose, for tale, by
MardiSO. JAS. F. G1LLISP1E A. CO.
DISTILLERS ATTENTION. .
VOnn EMl"rr SPIRIT BARRELS for sale,
lJ large size and to pet lor quality, new anc
second hand.
50 Barrels Superior Glue t
50 Hbds Caba Molasses;
100 Sacks Liverpool tfall t
2UO0 Bushels Corn r
100 do. Com Meal.
WM. A. JWTF.B.
NeU door lo the Custom House..
May 26. 3.
AUBURN STILL FOR SALE.
, . m a! ika .V...IL
Senear It il iirh, anil on the Central Rsil
Road, is nor yet disposed of. A descrip
tion has alresdy barn given bwt no one ill of
coarse make so important n pnsetvase withoat-
vlsiiing the premises.
Apply to W nu R. Poot.su Esa who Uvea near
the plaee.orto the sabserlber.
r., , M T. LORING
Wtlmlnyton.N. C. Ian. 28. 1851.
ICE! ICE!! ICE!!!
THE "WlLMIiXGTOM ICR HOUSF."
I uw "P the public may depend on haviac
i. their wants applied all seasons of the year, at
reasonable rates.
Orders from the conntry addressed to "Wilming
ton lee House", will be well packed and promptly
forwarded. -
A. H. VaxBOXrELENiPrfprteter.
March. lOih, 184. - X42.