ii a Ik
in in
11 lf II 1(1 111 I i Hi
f.oo Year, la Advance. FOR OOD, FOR COUNTRY AND FOR TRUTH." Staff Copy g Cntt,
VOL. X VI. PLYMOUTH, N, C. FRIDAY DECEMBER 22. 1905. NO. 10.
Drainage Necessary.
ANY town boards and
highway" commissioners
arc making a mistake in
purchasing stone crushers,
j under the impression that
TLneu .stone given by tne ressccms
ii long the road, if placed upon the
rovn of the road, will make a dry,
luird roadway without any further
iwork. Nothing could be more false,
find in many parts of the State each
town is learning the fact that it has
thrown away its money in the pur
chase of a stone crusher and that it
lias thrown away the material which
It has received from the residents in
the hopes of getting a good road, and
that this , material, once used, can
never be obtained again, and similar
material may have to be bought at
great expense from outside of th
town when the next stone is wanted.
The secret of road construction is
drainage. In the State of New York,
on a three-rod road, .there falls an
nually on a mile of highway fifty-three
tons of water, and this is the great
est enemy tha; the highway com
missioner has to contend with. Horses'
lioofs, narrow -'"res or heavy loads do
not commence to make the impression
upon a roadway that this immense
-volume of water does. The road sur
face is a roof, throwing the water on
itbor side to the ditches. If Uiis sur
face is properly crowned (not too
liigb, or ruts will be created), say on
si sixteen-foot road, if the crown in
the centre is eight inches higher than
the sides, so that the water runs
promptly to the' ditches, the road will
be good in all seasons. Crushed stone
thrown upon the surface of a road and
no provision made for drainage and
ditches, simply goes out of sight in
the mud, and the mud comes to the
surface, and in a few years you would
never know that any work bad been
done on that road. The crushed
stone is not worn out, but has sunk
below the surface of the road. Many
a highway commissioner and tax
payer speaks in wonder of a mudhole
in front of his house, into which year
after year he has put stone, earth and
rubbish to fill it up, and which have
constantly gone out of sight. If this
mudhole had a ditch made from its
bottom to the side of the road, so that
the water could run into the main
ditch and it was then filled, it would
stay filled and cause no further trou
ble. Rider and Driver.
Mending Our AVari'.
One would surmi-s from Mr. Eld
ridge's listing of the geological wealth
of this country that nowhere should
there be better roads, considering the
material that nature has given us.
Here is an excerpt from a paragraph
ou this subject:
In New England There industrial
progress has made hard roads a neces
sity, trap rock, the most suited to
heavy travel, exists . in abundance.
This rock is found in the Middle and
Lake States, and in smaller quantities
in regions farther south and far up
on the Pacific coast. Granite, lime
jsrone, quartz and sandstone are abund
ant in many parts of the country, as
.'ire two materials but lately assum
ing great importance in road building,
viz., chertz and novoeulties. Natuu
lias not only piled up great rocky
masses of inexhaustible road building
material in favored regions, but has
broken up and prepared rock in other
regions. By the operation of the great
law of compensation, vast areas of
rich low land, destitute if! themselves
of native rock, are provided Avith pre
pared material in the form of gra.vel,
which has been carried down from the
rocky region by glacial and water ac
tion. The sea has been very kind to
us and yielded up vast quantities of
shell which are converted into beauti
ful and valuable roads. The vege
table and. animal kingdom have con
tributed their quota. The fauna and
flora of bygone ages were changed by
beneficent processes of nature into
formations which have yielded up in
some parts of the United States, nota
blv California, oil, which, when spread
ujKn a road, makes a smooth, dust
less, waterproof covering. Maurice O.
Eldridge, in "Mending Our Ways," Out
ing Magazine.
- V-
State Highway ImproTeinent.
State Engineer and Surveyor Van
'Alstyne, in a circular letter, calls at
tention to the fact that recent amend
ments to the highway law Impose upon
.his department the responsibility of
furnishing directions for the guidance
ot town officials in the expenditure of
money, raised in towns and furnished
by the State for highway purposes In
money system towns, which in the ag
gregate amounts to $1,549,700 for 1905.
The department is also required by
the Iligble-Armstrong Good Roads act
to compile statistics, collect informa
tion, co-operate and assist all town and
county officials, and at all times aid in
the promotion of highway improve
ment throughout the State, Appre
ciating the fact'ttoat the several good
roads laws are not fully understood!
by town officials, and in order to aid
them in their work and to assist the
State engineer in the performance of
his duties, it has been deemed advis
able to outline the application of thesa
various laws and the position which
the department is obliged to take, and
a bulletin has been issued on this mat
ter. New York Post.
RICE FLOUR.
The frmeiit Day Uemand For Tills
White Bread Ingredient.
The great rice growing interests of
Louisiana and Texas, in their efforts to
deal with tha problem of over produc
tion that has lately confronted them,
are finding encouragement in the pros
pect of a growing demand for rice
flour. The domestic consumption of
rice has been considerably increased
the past year or two by its utilization
in various new and palatable forms of
food. The improved market for rice
flour promises to better the situation
in a still greater degree. The rice flour
proposition is an old one. So long ago
as 1S34 the French Academy of Medi
cine was led to investigate the sub
ject. It was found that by making a
bread composed of two parts of rice
flour added to thirteen parts of wheat
flour the result was white and palata
ble, while it remained fresh consider
ably longer than if made from wheat
flour alone.
The demand for bread as white as
possible makes a call for rice flour.
Certain kinds of flour are in dis-favor
for the reason that, although they
make bread richer in nutrition and
even more palatable, they are dark
colored. This dark flour can be
bleached by the addition of rice flour,
making a bread as white and attractive
to the eye as that made of the high
grade flours. In this way the market
is improved for the commoner grades.
It is said that rice flour has been made
in Holland and Germany for years,
and is there consumed in large quanti
ties. But it is only within a few
months that our rice producers have
taken up the subject. The market is
now glutted with what is called "brew
ers' rice," or rice in which the grains
are broken. By making this into flour
it is found that at least an additional
quarter of a cent a pound' is obtained
for it. Rice flour can be sold at whole
sale for one and three-fourths cents a
pound, while the retailer can profitably
sell it for two and one-half cents, or
at least a cent cheaper than ordinary
wheat flour.
The rice flour industry promises to
become important. Various rice miller
have- equipped their plants with rica
flouring machinery, and it is said that
all the mills in the rice belt will soon
have done so. ,
If it were a question of cheating a
market for rice flour, as such, the, re
sult might be'doubtful. The average
housewife is conservative; there would
probably be no little difficulty in per
suading her to adopt a new form of
flour. But rice flour is likely to come
to her in the guise of wheat flour. If
an admixture of rice flour has the ef
fect of bleaching and making market
able the, more nutritious, though dark
er, sorts of wheat, flour, this will most
likely be done at the mill, ta this way
this will be a public benefit; both In
making a demand for that sort of flour
and in improving the situation for the
rice growers. But since it would be
marketed as wheat flour, it would thus
naturally come under the inhibition
of the pure food law, for in that way
the rice flour would clearly be an
adulterant, though a harmless one. It
would therefore be better to set forth
frankly the nature of the compound.
Rice flour might also be made the
means of securing a market for banana
flour. The latter can likewise be very
cheaply made, and it is called excep
tionally Avholesome. Unfortunately, it
is also dark colored, and this is against
it with the public. A combination pf j
rice and banana flour should make an
attractive and desirable product. New
England Grocer.'1 .
The Banker and the Poet.
"This minor poetry seems futile to
me," the banker said, sneering. "Any
body can turn it out. A lunatic can
write minor poetry. It's only a ques
tion of rhymes."
"You sneer at rhymes," interrupted
the fat and bald poet; "give me a
rhyme for 'lounge.' "
The banker thought for three min
utes, but in vain. He was stumped.
"Try me again," he said.
"A rhyme for 'sylph.' "
Again the banker failed.
"A rhyme for 'wasp.' "
"Nothing doing," said the banker, af
ter a long pause.
"'Gulf,' 'mouth,' 'hemp, 'pint,'
'puss.' "
"By jingo!" said the banker, "I can't
think of a rhyme for any of those
words."
The minor poet tried him again with
"byge," "depth," "wolf," "with,"
volt." "scarf," - "sauce," "fugue,"
"bulb" and "bourn."
"I'm stuck," confessed the banker.
Minor poetry is harder than I thought.
It's a wonder to me you fellows are
not paid more."
'We don't care anything about the
pay. its glory we are aner, tue
poet answered, with dignity. "But I
have been tricking you. For the words
that I gave you there isn't a rhyme in
the English tongue." Philadelphia
MouselioM
alters
The Broken DUhen.
A French housewife does not throw
away her broken dishes, unless their
condition is hopeless. She saves them
until a mender of faience and porce
lain comes to her door for work and
be repairs them.
Tin to the Housewife.
Chloride of lime and water will re
move ink stains from silver if well
rubbed on the stains and then washed
off at once, the silver being then pol
ished as ordinarily. The solution for
the purpose is four ounces of chloride
of lime to one and a half pints of wa
ter. This may be bottled and kept
ready for use. Indianapolis News.
For Wicker Furniture.
Wicker furniture which has been var
nished will not take enamel until the
varnish has been washed off with boil
ing water in which there is a little
washing soda. After it dries rub it
thoroughly with a piece of flannel
dipped in turpentine, and after this
has been aired for twenty-four hours
rub with sandpaper, after which the
wicker may be either painted or dyed
satisfactorily.
Cold Lunelle?.
The mainstay of all cold lunches
must always be sandwiches, and for
the making of these the combinations
are practically limitless. The bread
should always be one day old, at least,
and sliced very thin and evenly. The
butter must be of the best quality,
soft enough to spread with out crum
bling the loaf, and the slice should be
spread before it is cut from the loaf.
The five cent baker's loaf should make
eight sandwiches. -For lunches, the
sandwich should be made the size of
the slice, but one made by cutting the
loaf diagonally in halves is inviting.
Both white and brown breads are suit,
able for use.
Cucumlier Milk.
Best thing in all the wide world for
a complexion that is yellow or speckled
with freckles or dulled with tan. Also
very nice to use as a cleansing agent.
Slice, but do not peel, three good-sized
cucumbers; add haif a cup of water
and boil until pulp is soft; strain and
cool. To one and one-half ounces of
the cucumber juice add an equal
amount of alcohol. This makes three
ounces of cucumber essence. In this
dissolve one-fourth of an ounce of pow
dered castile soap. Let stand over
night, next morning adding eight
ounces of cucumber juice, one-half
ounce of oil of sweet almonds and fif
teen ounces -of tincture of benzoin.
Pour in the oil very slowly, shaking
the bottle well. Keep In cool place.
Eat Flenty of Almondi,
Accordiug to a celebrated health ex
pert, blanched almonds give the high
er nerve or brain and muscle food, and
whoever wishes to keep her brain pow
er up would do well to include them
in her daily bill of fare. Juicy fruits
give the same in less proportion and
are eaten by all those whose living de
pends on their clear headedness. Ap
ples supply the brain with rest. Prunes
afford proof against nervousness, but
are not muscle feeding. They should
be avoided by those who suffer from
the liver. But it has been proved that
fruits do not have the same effect up
on everybody. Some people have nev
er been able to eat apples without suf
fering the agonies of indigestion; to
others strawberries are like poison.
Indianapolis News.
Preserved Peaches Peel and slice a
pound of peaches, sprinkle with the
same weight of sugar and leave twelve
hours. Simmer in the syrup till the
fruit is clear, and put in jars while hot.
Betty's Jumbles The following recipe
Is quite famous in a Pennsylvania
town where an old negro cook makes
what are known and delighted in as
"Betty's Jumbles." They are made
with one pound each of butter and
sugar, two pounds of flour, three eggs,
nine teaspoonfuls of orange juice, three
teaspoonfuls of baking powder, salt to
taste. Handle lightly, roll rather thin,
and sprinkle with granulated sugar be
fore baking in a quick oven. They
will keep if locked up for several
months. Harper's Bazar.
Cornmeal Batter Cakes One and
three-quarter cups of cornmeal, a scant
half cup of flour, two eggs, one and
one-half pints of sour milk, two tea
spoonfuls of sugar, one-half teaspoon
ful of salt and one teaspoonful of soda.
The meal must be the coarse corn
meal, not the bolted variety. The milk
should be thoroughly soured. Soak the
meal over night in the milk. In the
morning beat the eggs well into it;
'mix the flour, sugar, soda and salt, and
sift iuto :iie first mixture. Beat thor
r
oughly, let it stand a few minutes and
bake in small cakes on a hot griddle.'
Cucumber Catsup Before the frosts
have killed the vines and robbed you
of the last of your cucumbers, make
some of them into catsup. This rel
ish is really very good, and makes a
welcome change froi.i the familiar
tomato catsup. Take three dozen cu
cumbers, peel them and chop line.
Take also four onions (good size) and
chop them fine. Add three-quarters
of a cup r.f salt. Mix cucumbers,
onions and salt very thoroughly to
gether. Put the mixture in a "clean
cloth placed over a large colander and 1
leave it all night to drain. The next
morning add to the chopped cucum
ber aud onion a half-cupful of white
mustard seed and a half-cupful of
black mustard soed, two tablespoonfuls
of celery seed and two tablespoonfuls
of whole peppers. Mix well and pack
in glass jars, tilling the jars only half
full. Boil enough vinegar to fill the
jars. Let the vinegar cool and then
pour it into the jars. With a silver
fork stir the cucumber as you pour in
the vinegar, to make sure that the
whole mass is saturated with the
vinegar. Screw the tops on your jars
and put them away in a dark place.
Harper's Bazar.
TREATING PERSONS AS THINGS;
tlow We Almost Iaily Break the Golden
Kule.
Imnianuol Kant, greatest of modern
philosophers, wrote many wise words,
some of them so deep that only the
most profound thinkers can understand
them. But perhaps the greatest saying
of his, the most beautiful and lasting
and beneficent, is that which is known
as "Kant's maxim for conduct." So
simple is this maxim that it can be
understood by everyone.
It is this: "Always treat humanity,
whether in yourself or auother, as a
person, never as a thing."
This is the Golden Rule in another
form, or an application of it which
helps wonderfully to carry out its
spirit. As a matter of fact, we are
constantly breaking the Golden Rule by
treating persons as things as if they
had no worth, no feeling, no sacred in
dividuality. Every time we sIioav a
discourtesy to another person, act as if
we did not kuow of his existence, brush
against him without asking his par
elon, or speak of him or to him as if he
did not amount to anything, we treat
him as a thing, not a person. Now no
one likes to be treated as if he were an
inanimate object. It is an insult to
his individuality and to his Creator as
well. And he who treats another in
this way shows a coarse and brutal
spirit.
Children are the worst breakers of
this rule of Kant. They have not yet
learned the sacredness of personality.
But young people, and older people,
too, are constantly breaking this
maxim. Such conduct hurts the per
son who is S( treated, and coarsens
ihe person who is guilty of it. Some
one has said that "he who despises any
human being has faculties within him
self that he knows pothlng of."
- No better formula for mal:'"? the
true geutiemau and the true lady lias
been given since the Golden Rule and
Paul's "lienor all men" than Kant's
maxim, "Always treat numanity,
whether in yourself or another, as a
person, never as a thing:," Forward.
Social Ufa on the Farm.
Many boys leave the farms when
sixteen to nineteen years old for clerk
ship or places of some sort in the
towns. Even the girls cut loose from
their mother's apron-strings aud go
out to make a living by such work as
they can do. This desire to leave the
farms arises from poor social condi
tions. There is rot fun and frolic
enough for the young people in the
country. Parents should encourage so
cial meetings. Every wefk the young
people of the neighborhood should
come together antt enjoy such games
and amusements as are helpful and
educative. The parents should con
tribute to their enjoyment and not go
around grumbling and complaining.
Then a neighborhood reading club that
would subscribe for a dozen papers
and magazines would make the homes
attractive. The boys should be al
lowed to raise a colt, calf or pig each
and get the proceeds. Give them a
cotton patch and let them understand
that the money will belong to them.
Then let the girls, as their taste in
clines, have charge of one milch cow,
some poultry, or the canning of fruit.
Such a plan makes home attractive.
gives the children some idea cf busi
ness, and makes them independent.
Progressive Farmer.
Majority of Men Immoral.
A Boston scientist says that hypno
tism can develop only natural instincts
and that the best hypnotist in the world
cannot make a really moral person do
wrong. From experiments he has
made he believes that seventy-five per
cent, of the human race.lf unrestrained
by family pride and other like consid
erations, would steal.
The Hero and the Snap-Shotter.
The other day the Crown Prince
and Princess of Germany, while riding
In a motor car, came suddenly on an
equestrian, whose horse reared and
became unmanageable. The Prince
leaped out. seized the horse and quieted
it. while the Princess snapshotted the
scene with her camera.
r
SOUTHERN .
' TOPICS OF INTEREST TO THE PLANTER, STOCKMAN AND TRUCK CMVEX. I
Early Cottm.
Texas Station Buletin 75, on "Early
Cottons," gives the results of cotton in
vestigation carried on by the station in
co-operation with the Bureau of Plant
Industry, United States Department of
Agriculture:
A stutly of early and late varieties
was inconclusive because the seed
could not be obtained at the right time.
Cotton planted April 9 was attacked
by the boll weevil, anil all' fruiting
stopped after July 20. This planting
yielded about three-fourths of a bale
per acre, while a planting made June 8
produced stalks from" four to five feet
high, but practically no fiber.
The structure of the cotton plant was
studied as the plants developed. It was
found that early and late varieties dif
fered in length of joint, and in the
fruiting capacity of the limbs at the
first joints on the main stem. The
early varieties had short joints and pro
duced fruit limbs at the first joints on
the main stem near the ground, while
the late cottons ld long joints, and
were without fruit limbs at the fewer
joints.
The time elapsing from the appear
ance of square in leaf axil to bloom and
full-grown boll was about the same in
late and in large and small boll cottons.
The large boll varieties required a few
days longer for the bolls to dry out and
open. There was no apparent differ
ence In the rate of growth of the sev
eral cottons, but as the rate differs in
individual plants it is stated that rapid
ity in growth may be promoted by se
lecting seed from the largest stalks of
the desired type. A definition of an
early cotton Is given and varietal char
acters, seed selection and importation,
earliness of Northern seed and storm
proof cottons are discussed.
To test the effect of fertilizers on ear
liness, phosphoric acid, potash and ni
trogen were each applied separately
and in combination, in small, medium
and excessive quantities. Acid phos
phate and potash or kainit were used
at the rate of 100. 200 and 500 pounds
per acre, and nitrogen or sulphate of
ammonia at the rate of 250 and 500
pounds per acre. The mixture was
made up of one part of kainit, one and
one-half parts of cottonseed meal and
two parts of acid phosphate, and was
applied at the rate of 225 and GOO
pounds per acre. Potash and nitrogen
were apparently without effect upon
the plants, but acid phosphate caused a
rapid growth and greatly increased the
yield.
The results indiate that increase in
earliness and yield and rapid growth
are the result of supplying abundant
plant food, and tint it is sufficient to
?".PTiIsh tlie soil with only the lacking
elements. After sixty-five days of
growths the plants on the acid phos
phate plat w-ere eighteen Inches high,
with from eight 0 sixteen saunrm m
tiie stalks, while the plants on the ni
tf?5Cn, potash and unfertilized plats
at this ftoe were1 only from six to nine
inches high, Fltil .fi"0ra 0 to 4 square
per stalk. They yield of the first pick
ings were largest on the phosphoric
acid plat.
liaising Berkfthlres in South.
Question C. W. Crandall, Groton,
Conn., writes: "Can you advise me
where I can got information about hog
raising in South Carolina? I wish to
know if Berkshires will do well there,
and if I can ship them from here to
the South and have them do well. Any
information will be grea !y appre
ciated." Answer Berkshires are probably
more widely distributed and more fav
orably known in South Carolina than
any other breed of bogs. Nearly all
breeds of black hogs do well in the
South; whereas white hogs co not seem
to take so kindly to the climate. Berk
shires are peculiarly well adapted to
the South, as they are naturally quite
active and make good rustlers, which
is a decided advantage when one con
siders the methods of pork raising most
In favor, and likewise most economical
for Southern farmers to follow. In
many sections of the South there is still
much cheap laud of a broken nature
which supplies an abundance of mast,
providing almost ideal conditions for
raising pork under range conditions.
Hence soiling crops may be grown in a
succession so as to provide grain pas
ture for several months of the year.
In this way hogs can bo cheaply raised
for a small consumption of grain, and
the natural conditions are very favor
able to the Berkshire with his well
known rustling qualities. Hogs may
be shipped South at almost any time
with comparative safetj, though bring
ing them in the fall during cool weath
er is a decided advantage, as they then
have a chance to become acclimated be
fore the hot weather of the following
summer. I he greatest care should be
exercised in shipping and unloading
the hogs to avoid their infection with
cholera. Andrew M. Soule.
Horse Sense Hint!.
Don't leave ms hitched in my stall at
111 " b
I
FARM fOTES.
night with a big 'er,b;
must lie down. I am tiedW
lect a smooth place.
Don't compel me to eat moi.
than I want by mixing it wilhV
oats. I know better than any othfi
animal how much I need. V .
Don't think because I go free under
the whip I don't get tired. . You would,
move if under the whip. ,'
Don't think because I am a horse
that weeds and briars won't hurt my.
hay.
Don't whip me ' when I get fright
ened along the road, or I will expect it
next time and maybe make trouble.
Don't trot me up hill, for I have to
carry you and the buggy and myself,
too. Try it yourself some time. Run
up hill with a big load.
. Don't keep my stable very dark, for '
when I go out Into the light my eyes :
are injured.
Don't say "whoa" unless you mean it.
Teach me to stop at the word. It
may check me if the lines break, and
save a runaway and smash-up.
Don't ask me to back with blinds on.
I am afraid to.
Don't run me down a steep hill, for
if anything should give way might
break your neck..
Don't put on my blind bridle so that
it irritates my eyes, or so leave my
forelock that it will be in my eyes.
Don't be so careless-of my harness
as to find a great sore on me before
you attend to it.
Don't forget the old book that la
friend of all the oppressed that says:
"A merciful' man is merciful to hi,
beasts." Farm Journal. .: -' " "
Timely Dairy Note. .
If the milk stands so as to cool before
separating, slightiy warm it again, as
most separators will skim closest when
the milk is run through as soon as
drawn from the cow, or .while at blood
heat. '
Lime water will often work magic In
the dairy or creamery wbere the butter
is "off" flavor. Put twenty pounds of
unslaked lime in a barrel of water and
let stand for a day or two; then use
the clear water to rinse churn, worker
and all other utensils, and finally flush
the churn room and drain.
Do not keep dehorned cows with
those that have horns.' If dehorning i3
to be done do it before cold weather.
Raise calves on skim milk and sub
stitute vegetable for butter.fat in the
form of flaxseed jelly at first, and later
cornmeal. Good calves can be raised
in this manner.
Use dairy salt and salt butter by
weight or measure, not by guess. One
ounce of salt to a pound of butter iat
about right for most tastes..'
Always use a comblnatipn of both
roughage and grain feeds in prefer
ence to one or two of either. Variety;
is necessnr- . '
Treej ifid Wife Fen tin j. 'v
Messrs. Editors' Farmers have raised
serious objections to using live and
growing trees as posts for wire fenc
ing, and I believe the chief, if not the
only solid objection, is that the live
tree grows and finally covers the wire,
and then the sap or dampness which
gathers around the wire causes it to
rust and break at the tree.
Now I have a remedy for this objec
tion which is very simple, and I write
to suggest it for the benefit of those
who may not have thought of it, that
is to get a board or plank, six inches
wide, and from one and a half to two-
inches thick, cut its proper length for
the fence, and nail these pieces one to
each tree, and upon this plank or board
nail the wife. In this way you effect
ually protect the wire from the sap or
dampness of the tree, and in the tree
have an everlasting post' for the fence,
for if necessary the board or plank caa
be replaced from time to time, as ne
cessity shall require it. "and the tree
can live on and continue to grow.
Wm. J. Leary, Sr., Chowan Co., N. C.
Keep Koadslde Clean.
Develop a sentiment that will con
demn any man who allows weeds to go
to seed along his roadside. If the farm
er will keep the roadside clean there la
some hope of his mowing the weeds in
his pasture. Say, what is -the use of
keeping weed seeds in stock? Don't it
seem a perfectly absurd and foolish
thing? Why do you complain of th
primeval curse of our first parents
wnen j-ou are doubling the curse up by,
cultivating weeds, or allowing them to
grow in waste places to make trouble
for the next year? Wallace's Farmer.
Scattered CocklebnrB.
Cockleburs are getting scattered, and
every farmer should see th.it the seeds
are not left in his fields. If cut or
pulled up earlr these weeds could be
dropped anywhere, but now it is too
late. It would not take long to go over
the fields and get them out. They
could be put in piles on ditch or dike
banks or at the end of rows, to be
burnt later when they are dry and the
crop is off.