Gentlemen.
A
mm
Bv G. K. Chesterton,
i GENTLEMAN is not a man wJth abstract good manners, anj
more than a sailor is a man with abstract courage. He is a
man -with a particular kind of good manners produced by a par
ticular kind of economic security and uninterrupted lineage. You
i t . . ; m iilonhqnft hut t rflnpfS Tint
It slaW,WlH' KuOW null nucu juu svu ui;u, jwvc uu m .-.-...v, - v - - - -
Lftcv59 a-avg follow that he is a worthy or ennobling thing to see. An
Arab might think him fussy; and a Chinaman aimosi uisrepui
pjble. A .gentleman's walk is as peculiar as a sailor's; and the man in the
moon (for all I know) may think it as absurd.
Now though these tvpes may contain any degree of vice or virtue, yet
they tend in the bulk, like all types, to make some virtues easier or more
difficult A peaswnt may ibe a devil; but he is not very often a dandy. A
chance sailor standing about on the beach is on the "whole considerably more
likely to be a murderer than to be a miser. Peasants arc generally careful;
sailors generally careless; gentlemen generally careful of some things and
careless of other things.
Thus gentlemen will pay gamblers, but not tailors, hatters or persons who
make things. Thus he will not (as a rule) steal spoons; but he will steal
common land. It is necessary that the ethical distinction should be kept very
clear in this matter. I do not mean that no genlema can resist the tempta
tion to entrap ami ruin a hatter; I do not mean that whenever his eye falls
upon a corner of Wimbledcn Common a wild lust whirls him away. Nor do I,
on the other hand, mean that he never breaks his own code; some dishing
voung gentlemen are posted for debts of honcr; and some amiable old gentle
men put spoons in their pocket. I s-ay that a social type, like a landscape or
a climate, makes certain merits easier in the main. It is more natural to
save money if ycu are a peasant proprietor and see your trees growing all the
year round. It is more natural to spend it In one splendid burst if you are
a sailor and only see shops about twice a year. In that sense only "gentle
man" has a moral meaning. The thing, I repeat, is not necessarily a ncble
fact, but it is a fact. You know a gentleman when you see him, as my cab
xnan used to say in Battersea
5? m m
Man's Devastation
qf the E&rth;
By Sir Roy I.nnkaater.
ERY few people have any idea cf the extent to which man since
his upgrowth in the late tertiary period ct the geologists half
a million or perhaps a million years ago has actively modified
the face of Nature, the vast herds of animals he has destroyed,
the forests he has burnt up, the deserts he has produced and
the rivers he has polluted. It is, no doubt, true that changes
proceeded, and are proceeding, in the form of the earth s face ant
in its climate without man having anything to say in the matter. Changes in cli
mate and in connections of islands and continents across great seas and oceans
have gone on, and are goin on, and in consequence endless kinds of animals
and plants have been, some extinguished, some forced to migrate to new
areas, many slowly modified in shape, size and character, and abundantly
produced.
But over and above these slow irresistible changes there has been a
vast destruction and defacement cf the living world 'by the uncalculating, reck
less procedure of both savage and civilized man which is little short of ar
palling, and is all the more ghastly in that, the results have been very rapidly
brought about, that no compensatory production of new life, except that of
man himself and his distorted "breeds" of domesticated animals, has accom
panied the destruction of formerly flourishing creatures, and that, so far as
we can see, if man continues to act in the reckless way which has charac
terized his behavior hitherto, 'he will multiply to such an enormous extent that
only a few kinds of animals and plants which serve him for food and fuel
will be left on the face of the globe.
It is not improbable that even these will eventually disappear, and man
will be indeed monarch of ail he surveys. He will have converted the beauti
ful earth, once teeming with innumerable. Incomparably beautiful varieties of
life into a desert or, at best, a vast agricultural domain abandoned to the
production of food-stuffs for the hungry millions which, like maggots con
suming a carcass, or the irrepressible swarms of the locust, incessantly de
vour and multiply.
m 0 0
Financial Independence
For Women
By Mrs. Philip Snowden, an Active
English Suffragist.
iNE of the first and most essential articles of my creed is complete
financial independence for all women. I believe that no woman
who is strong and well should be forced to depend on a man
for her support. It seems to me that complete justice of treat
ment will never be obtained by women until this sociological
theory is clearly understood and practised by tooth men and
women.
As matters stand now, men are compelled by law to pay the taxes on
their wives' private property, -because, doubtless, it is assumed that the poor
women are not even cleaver enough to derive siifncient income from their
own estates to pay taxes. On the face of it. this seems unfair treatment of
the men to make them pay for what may not benefit thcm. But it is much
more unfair to the women, really, because it gives them such an utterly
humiliating position in the law, and in the eyes of any thinking person who
takes this provision of the law seriously. It's like letting a child have a
ball to play with, and then if he breaks the window, paying the damages
yourselif, because he isn't old enough to realize what he is doing.
Of course a woman should pay her own taxes. Of course she should at
least be able to earn her own living. If she marries, and as a matter of court
esy to her husband works in the home for him, that's all very well. But
she should not be forced to inarry him because she cannot work alone for her
self. I have seen women in England whose husbands treat them as your men
here would never dream of treating a woman. Do you suppose those women
would have stood for that if they had had the self-respect that comes of finan
cial independence?
If a woman marries for a home, she wants to be very, very sure that it'll
t ft home that's endurable. And I think your President is right when he
says that no woman should regard marriage simply as an escape but rathe
as a glorious fulfil-
PANAMA CANAL'S COST IS HOW INCREASED TO $3?i,20i,00!)
HOW CANAL COST HAS INCREASED $235,403,800.
Original estimate of cost of Isthmian (lock) canal $139,703,209
Estimate in annual report last year o Isthmian (lock) canal. . 250,000,000
Estimate in annual report this year of Isthmian (lock) canal. . 375,201,000
Original estimate of Isthmian sea level canal ' 247,021,000
Advance over original estimate of lock canal . . . 235.495.S00
Advance over estimate of last year3 report 125,201,000
World Stories.
eg?
AIT
Some cf The Great Myths Which Ac a Valuable
Part of I-lfe.
By H ildegarrie Hawthorne.
,N" the old days, before men understood how this world was made
and why so many wonderful things took place in it every day,
such, far instance, as the rising and setting of the sun or the
coming of spring, the growth of trers and ilowers and the fall
ing of rain, in those old days they made up stories about these
things. Since they knew of nothing more wonderful than the
human beings about them, they Imagined that all these mar
velous results were produced by creatures like themselves, yet different, wiser
and .more powerful. Thu.s they thought that every tree contained a dryad, a
lovely girl who made the tree grow and brought its fruit to 'perfection. And
all the streams and fountains had their naiads, the sea its mermen and mer
maids, and the life itself of the peoph- was supposed to be ruled and guided by
these beings, to, whom they gave various names and ascribed'differing powers.
Naturally they toW each other many wonderful stories about these crea
tures. Gradually these stories got written down; and even now, so many
thousand years later, we tan read them. Our ideas have changed; we no
longer believe in fauns and tritons and nymphs. But it would bo a pity if we
stopped reading these stories because of that. For. in their own way, these
tales are as true as the actual tarts we learn nowadays of just how the trees
and plants do really grow, and what it is that makes the sun seem to rise and
Eet. They are true because they tell how men's minds grew, and began to
take hold of the problems of life about them, and tried to explain things, and
how they realized the beauty and the wonder of the world. These books are
tnie pictures of the lives of these far-away people, and if we had never heard
or read them, a great part cf what goes to make us what, nowadays, we are,
would never be understood by us. St. Nicholas.
The man who thinks that Sunday
is the only day to lay up treasure in
heaven, declares the Chicago Tri
bune, spends the weak mortgaging it.
The figures of the London police
court show a very decided increase
daring recent years in iexloua erias
An optimist, defines the Pittsburg
Dispatch, is a man who just discov
ers the discomforts of each season
in time to be glad that it is over.
iMan is never, so thoroughly tcans-
parent to a woman as when ha trie
fcV 4UUUJT.
LIEUTENANT-COLONEL GEO. V. GOETHALS,
To Whom Has Been Entrusted the Task of Digging the Panama Canal.
In one bound the estimated cost of the construction of the Isthmian
canal has jumped more than $125,000,000 above last year's report of Lieutenant-Colonel
George W. Goethals, which placed the figure at about $250,
000,000. The total estimated cost of the construction of the Isthmian (lock) canal
is now placed at $375,201,000, an advance of $235,495,S00 over the original
estimate of $139,705,200, upon which Congress authorized the construction
of the canal.
In his report to the Secretary of War, Lieutenant-Colonel George W.
Goethals adopts as official the figures submitted to a sub-committee of the
House Appropriations Committee, as a rough draft, but gives no assurance
that they are final. In his figures of the total cost, however, he adds the
$5 0,000,000 purchase price paid to the Franch company for the canal, fixing
the actual cost of construction at $297,766,000. The balance of the total
cost is made up by the estimated cost for sanitation and civil government.
The prophecy of Senator Teller that, if the lock canal was built across
the Panama Isthmus at a cost of not more than $500,000,000, it would sur
prise the best engineers in the world, bids fair to be fulfilled in the opinion
of Government officials who have studied Colonel Goethals' latest report.
Colonel Goethals' own estimate of the cost of a sea-level canal is $477,
601,000. He makes no reference to a sea-leve-l canal in his report, however.
The figures were furnished to Congress at his own request. ,
Mechanical Zither.
A novel musical instrument from
the home of music is the mechanical
zither invented by a German. This
instrument consists of a zither with
an attachment at one end for a disk
like a phonograph record. The rec
ord has little projections on the un
derside by means of which a device
connected with the strings picks out
m
1 ,
tunes as if the zither was played I
hand. The disk Is revolved by means
of a handle at one end of the zither
box, a strange feature in these days
of self-playing instruments. Operat
ing mechanically, as it does, the mu
sic of this zither is more nearly cor
rect than if the wires were plucked
by hand. There is no possibility of
striking the wrong string, for only
thoss wires whose spurs are struck
by the projections on the record will
respond and the tone thus given out
Is clear and entirely free from the
blur so often caused by the striking
of two wires at once when the instru
ment is played by hand. Washing
ton Star.
Gain has oft with treacherous
hopes led men to ruin.- Sophocles.
Old-Tlme Quackery.
The eighteeth century was the
golden harvest-time of the quack,
against whom some of the fiercest
shafts of Hogarth's satire were di
rected. He loved to surround him
self with an atmosphere of mystery,
which was calculated to impose upon
the credulity of his victims. His
room was bedecked with skulls and
skeletons. A brisk trade in quackery
was carried on by women. J. C.
Wright, in his book, "The Good Old
Times," records the fact that in the
year 17 39 "a Mrs. Joanna Stephens
was awarded 5000 by the govern
ment 'for a proper discovery made
by her for the cure of the stone.' "
"This 'proper discovery,' " adds Mr.
Wright, "consisted of a powder, a de
coction and pills the last named be
ing formed from calcined snails, with
carrot Beeds, hips and haws, the com
pound being burnt to blackness and
then mixed with soap and honey."
London Chronicle. .
How to Drill Through Brick and Spft
Stone.
The accompanying illustration
illustration represents a very good
drill for brick walls and soft stone.
The stone is made of an ordinary gas
pipe and the end is serrated, which
can de done with an ordinary half
round or three-cornered file. In bor-
Drill For Brick Walls and Soft Stone.
ing a hole, the end of the drill is
tapped lightly with a hammer and
turned slightly after every blow. B.
A. Johns, in the Scientific American.
About $25,000 worth of gold is
taken from the chimneys of the
United States mints every few years.
"- " . .. '
' - fit v? ' X-
Wi ' '' ? !V
" - A. "- mri'jH
$&yHi sir A -: m -4
Smart Frills of Fashion
New York City. Such a pretty
rancy waist as thia one finds many
uoes. It can be made with skirt to
match and become part of a hand-
iome indoor gown, or it can be made
from thinner silk or crepe in color to
natch the coat suit and make part of
'he street costume. It can be made
Heady-Made lllousc.
One may pay a high price for the
ready-made blouse if one is willing to
do it. There are chic imported mod
els replte with original details and
bearing an unmistakably Parisian
stamp, and these of course come high,
but stich a blouse if made to order by
a dressmaker capable of. producing
such work would cost as much or
more than the ready-made model and
mean moro trouble and time.
Klouse or Guimpe.
Such a plain blouse or guimpe aa
this one can be made available in
many ways. It can be made from all-
over lace as in this case, it can be
made from plain material braided cr
embroidered, it can be made from
one of the new jetted nets or mate
rials cf the sort, and it cap be worn
as a blouse or as a guimpcf " Utilized
in this last way it is singularly well
adapted to wear beneath the new chif
fon over blouses and will be pretty
made from flowered or fancy mate
rial. The tucks over the shoulders
mean Just becoming fulness without
any effect of elaboration, and there is
a choice allowed of the sleeves illus
trated or of plain ones that can bo
either long or in elbow length.
The blouse is made with a fitted
lining, which is optional, front and
backs. The tucks are stitched to yoke
depth at the front, but for their en
tire length at the back and the fuiness
is arranged in gathers at the waist
line. The fancy sleeves consist of
deep cuffs and puffs. The plain ones
with three-quarter cr long sleeves,
and the sleeves can be the pretty fan
cy ones illustrated or plain ones as
shown In the back view. In the illus
tration one of the beautiful new soft
moire silks is combined with chiffon
cloth and with beaded net. There "is
a little trimming of soutache about
the neck edge. The waist is just as
well adapted to crepe de Chine, mes
saline and other thin materials, how
ever, and one of these can be used
throughout, or the full sleeves can be.
made to match, while athe little frill
or tucker and the fancy portions are
of contrasting material.
The waist is made over a fitted lin
ing. This lining is faced at the un-der-arms
and again to form the yoke.
The waist itself is cut with back por
tions and front that is extended to
form the girdle at the back and the
closing is made invisibly at the back.
The little frill or tucker is arranged
over the lining. The full sleeves con
sist of puffs, over portions of up
turned cuffs, all of which are ar
ranged over plain foundations, and
these foundations are the same as
the sleeves shown In the back view.
If long sleeves are wanted the lining3
are faced to form close fitting cuffs.
The quantity of material required
for the medium size Is two and an
eighth yards twenty-one or twenty
four, one and five-eighth yards thirty-two
or one and three-eighth yards
forty-four inches wide with one and a
quarter yards twenty-one for the
sleeves and frills, five-eighth yard
eighteen inches wide for the yoke and
collar.
are made with upper and under por
tions. The quantity of material required
for the medium size is three and
FAMILY IN THE DESERT OF ' SAHARA, AND THEIR RUDE HOME.
. v H. Quimby, New York, ia Leslie's.
Three Popular Blues.
Just now three blues that are most
prominent are the deep marine shade,
a brighter Prussian blue and a lovely
color called lapisl&zuli, after the
stone of that name.
Bands For Trimming. - '
Moire bands are used for trimming
the tailored hat this fall in much the
Bline way that velvet baa been and1
UU it being used.
three-eighth yards twenty-one or
twenty-four, two and a quarter yards
thirty-two or one and seven-eighth
yards forty-four inches wide.
i
Striped and Corded.
Satin soleil, satin prunella, wool
cashmere, Bedford cord and a long
list of fancy striped and corded ef
fects in worsteds are some present
importations.
Close, Smooth Fit.
Hairlines 'in black and white are
used by that type of tailored woman
who demands & close, smooth fit, so
matter what the style.
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