Newspapers / The Roanoke Beacon and … / Oct. 7, 1910, edition 1 / Page 3
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?Amnwk O INSURE good digestion, exer cise dally In the open air. eat an abundance of fruit and drink: pure water freely between meals. Plain, simple foods, aa direct as po3sibl Irom fields, orchards and woods, should' iiways be our aim. I Jt,S ,, V. " M .t-W4 I- - X A MJ.jDAJTTON.US.aeoocoSuriy HE southwestern section of the United States Is a province that presents many special characteristics of physiogra phy, climate, resources and capabilities which are not as well known as they deserve to be. The term "southwest" Is usually applied to New Mexico, Arizona and southern Califor nia, an area of about the size of New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland and the Virginias. Much public at tention has of late been attracted to Arizona and New Mexico in connection with their ad mission to statehood, and one gratifying result of this has been a greatly increased interest in their resources and conditions. Excluding the populous and thrifty coast region of southern California, the southwest is the most thinly populated and least developed portion of the country south of Alaska. As this condition is due mainly to a climate so arid that but little can be raised without irri gation, its future development Is to be meas ured by the utilization of the vast volume of flood waters now going to waste. This water can be applied to millions of acres of level lands with rich soil, which with the unending sunshine of its mild cli- &tM-l Vi .ss M t' ICJ3ZOQf Zcmi, W&TEEH IfW MXZCO mate will respond with large and profitable crops. Unfortunately, there Is not enough water for all the land, bul there is sufficient, if all were utilized, to support a population many times as large as the present one. The government is now spending $12,000,000 in reclamation projects in Arizona and New Mex ico which supply watei for nearly one-half mil lion acres of fertile lands. This will give great Impetus to devel opment, and in time, when settlers take up the reclaimed land, there will be a large Increase in its agricul tural productions. In the great coast region of southern Cal ifornia, with a popula tion of nearly 000,000, the principal product Is the orange and oth er fruits, with a value of about $20,000,000 a year, while in the inland districts the mining Industry is the largest source of revenue. Por tions of the southwest are richly productive of various minerals, notably those of copper, and recently southern California has become a heavy producer of petroleum. The value of the copper, oil and other products of the ground aggregates about $75,000,000 a year. It is probable that further exploration' will disclose large additional supplies of ores of various kinds, especially those of low grade, .which will prove profitable under Improved methods of reduction. The southwest presents a variety of topo graphic features, and many of its economic resources are closely elated to them. There is great range in altitude, with corresponding variation in climatic conditions. One of the most salient features is the wide, high plateau of northern Arizona, which reaches an alti tude of 8,000 feet. It is surmounted by vari ous volcanic peaks, notably San Francisco peak, which is 12.G11 feet above sea level. To the east this district merges into an Irregular series of high plateaus, constituting the western half of New Mexico. To the west and south, it drops by huge steps into the great region of desert valleys or bolsoms of Ne;rV;, western Arizona, and southeastern California. These deserts are wide, long plains, lying between mountain ridges of varying lengths and heights, ridges which are all very rocky and mostly treeless and trend north and south. Diagonally across southern California there, extends the long curving ridge of the Sierra Madre and San Bernardino mountains, be tween which and the ocean lies the large oval area known as the valley of southern Califor nia, This valley is the great citrus fruit dis trict, and Los Angeles. There are two great rivers in the south west, the Colorado and the Rio Grande. The Colorado river has been compared to the Nile and the similarity Is notable. Both are streams of the first rank, rising in high moun tains, and finally crossing a broad region of semi-tropical, nearly rainless deserts. Both empty into seas in nearly the same latitude, and their lower courses are through wide del tas of fertile soil. The annual overflows add new sediments fertile with plant food and at a time favorable for the crops. The agricultural capabilities are closely similai, but while much of the lower Nile val ley is utilized the Colorado valley is Just be ginning to be settled. The watershed area of the Colorado, with its two head branches, the Green and the Grand, is over 200,000 square miles, its course 2,000 miles in length, and its annual discharge is 11,000,000 acre-feet, or enough to cover that number of acres one foot deep. The sediment which it carries each year Into the gulf is estimated to be sufficient to cover 53 square miles one foot deep. For 200 miles of its course across the high plateau of northeastern Arizona it cuts the wonderful Grand canyon, which in places is nearly a mile deep. South of the canyon it flows mostly la broad valleys, but cuts through several des- Product , ' &?S4JF?" ft " 1 - 1 1 ' 1 about 4,000 feet wide and COO deep, with an irregular encircling rim of loose rock fragments irom 120 to 160 feet high. The petrified forests attract many visitors, especially the mpst acces sible one south of Adamana, a station on the Santa Fe railroad a few miles east of Holbrook. There is a large quantity of the material In sight here, some of it In large logs. One of these logs spans a small draw as a natural bridge. Arizona possesses a very pictur esque natural bridge of limestone spanning Pine creek, In Gila county. 0A&z GAtnroff ojp ttz& Goroj5ixo NAR TMS JA1YC 7J3ALC. ert ridges, final ly passing out Into the wide del ta plain extend ing to Its mouth. The Rio Gran de ia a large river rising in the mountains of Colorado, trav ersing New Mex ico from north to south, and finally constituting the boundary line be tween Texas and Mexico. The definition of a desert given by the dictiona ries, "a dry, sandy region without vegetation or inhabi tants," is defective, and the idea that It is nec CGsarlly flat is erroneous. Most portions of the average desert bear an extensive, though somewhat widely spaced, flora. Many desert regions contain numerous settlements, the Sa hara desert for instance having a population of 2,500,000. Loose sand is a minor feature, and much more prevalent on the seaooasts and along the bottom lands of rivers. There are wide areas of bare rocks, and the larger des erts include mountains, ridges, mesas and deep canyonB. The deserts of the southwest are regions of very scanty rainfall, parts of them having only three inches a year and evaporation of eighty inches or more. This canyon la the mile-deep gorge cut by the Colorado river across the high plateau of northern Arizona. The view from the rim reveals the most stupendous panorama Imag inable, for one sees into an area of about 600 square miles filled with an endless variety of most rugged topographic formB of many beau tiful colors. On the sky-line, ten to fifteen miles away, is the edge of a wide-reaching pla teau, and in the middle ground of the picture flows the Colorado river, nearly a mile below one's feet. The features are so gigantic and so plainly In view that all sense of scale is lost, and It is not until one has been down to the bottom of the canyon at the river level that any adequate sense of proportion can be gained. The canyon was discovered by Cardenas, who went to its edge in 1540 on a branch trip from Coronado's expedition, on information ob tained by Tovar from the Hop! Indians. The original name given to the river was Tison. Spanish for firebrand, and it is to be regretted that the name has not been retained to avoid the present confusion due to the river having the same name as the state. Coon butte, another of the greatest wonders in our country, is also situated In the south west, but owing to its distance from the rail road it is seldom visited. It Is a great crater s like bowl In the plateau, about ten miles south of Canyon Diablo station. "The crater" la 70 miles south of Flagstaff. It does not, however ri val the great bridges recently discovered 1 n Utah. Its span is 80 feet, its height about 125 feet, and Its length up and down the creek Is over 400 feet. Canyon de Chelly is one of the most notable scenic features in Arizona, but it is so far off the main line of trav el that it is rare ly visited. It is cut deeply into Boft sandstones, which rise In ver tical walls, with many outlying pinnacles and monuments. Some of these fea tures appear also In the great wall of red sandstone on the north side of the wide de pression through which the Santa Fe railroad crosses the continental divide east of Gallup. One of the most remarkable pinnacles of this wall is fancifully termed the Navajo Church. Few persons who travel across the south west realize that in Arizona and New Mexico there are enormous forests of valuable timber and that the lumbering is an important indus try. In both territories there are several large forest reservations, and one of these in Ari zona, the Coconino forest, with nearly 6,000 square miles, is the largest single reserve In the United States. The total forest area re served in Arizona Is 15,250,130 acres, or more than 24,000 square miles, and in New Mexico there are 10,971,711 acres, or more than 17,000 square miles. Southern California also has several large reserves. The Coconino forest In Arizona occupies part of the great plateau in which the Grand Canyon is cut, and extends to the brink of the canyon. The visitor to the southwest usually takes keen interest in the Indians, who are numer ous not only along the main lines of travel, but In many remote villages. Some tribes, notably the Apaches, who continued to be troublesome until a relatively recent date, have become famous for the misdeeds that ma terially retarded the development of Arizona and western New Mexico. Now, however, all is peace and tranquillity. The newspapers, es pecially eastern ones, occasionally print ac counts of uprisings, but these prove to be local quarrels with a few individuals. The Indians of the southwest are of two kinds, differing greatly in most of their char acteristics. One is the nomad type, represent ed by the Apaches, Navajos, the Yumas, Pa pagoes and Pimas, and smaller tribes; the other is the pueblo type, which is comprised of 26 pueblos, or villages, scattered through central and western New Mexico, and in the IIopl reserve, In northwestern Arizona. Probably there is greater popular Interest in thu pueblo people, for their settlements are permanent and mostly very ancient, and their religious ceremonies are extremely elaborate and picturesque. They live in villages of sev eral hundreel inhabitants, in substantial stone or adobe houses, some of which are in groups, rising in tiers to a height of four or five sto ries, with streets and central plaza. They are peaceful and Industrious, raising crops largely by Irrigation. They have herds of cattle and sheep, and spinning, weaving and making their garments is one of their important occu pations. Work appears evenly divided between men and woman in the queWos. The men do the farming, tend to the cattle and sheep, do the hunting, build the houses, and have many smaller trades and occupations. The women do the house work, grind the corn, make pottery, blankets and clothes. The visitor Is generally impressed by the pueblo people and pleased with the agreeable home life and sim ple h ospitality which they readily offer. The interesting features of the southwest, notably the beauty of the coast region and the special climatic ad vantages, draw a large number of tourists and health seekers, especially in winter, and every year sees a substan tial Increase In the Influx of visitors. Because of its dry air and mild climate the southwest has be come famous as a health resort, especially for those having tuberculosis of the respiratory or gans. The percentage of cures made in New Mexico, Arizona and California, great as it is, would be much greater if a larger proportion of those who are seeking health came in time. It is necessary to come before the vitality is too greatly diminished and then to live under favorable conditions, the most essential of which is to be out of doors as much as pos sible. Many health-seekers spend most of their money in railroad fare to reach the desired resorts. Physicians do a great wrong to pa tients in sendjng them so far from home, friends and care without means to provide suitable quarters, nourishment and attention to sustain thom while making their fight against death. The climate of the southwest presents con siderable variety, but in all the lower lands the winters are delightfully mild, and every where blue sky is In evidence for more than 300 days In the year. The summers are warm; in the southern desert area they are decidedly hot for Beveral months, but the dry air even then is much more endurable than the sultry summer weather of the eastern and central states. Sunstroke is unknown, and laborers continue their work without distress. The valley of southern California is pro tected from the cold northern winds of winter by high mountain ranges, while to the south it Is open to the Pacific. Owing to the pecu liar configuration of the coast the cold Cali fornia current from the north is deflected west near Point Conception, and hence the south ern California shores have waters warmer by about ten degrees than those to the north. This beneficent climate is responsible for the giant Industry of fruit growing which has made California famous over the globe. Cali fornia furnishes the major part of the very large amount of oranges and other citrus fruits consumed in the United States, and this business has been the potent cause In the development of southern California. The orange and other citrus fruits of southern California have an output of about 30,000 carloads a year, with a net value of more than $15,000,000. Ea3t of the mountains in southern Califor nia is an extensive desert country, much of it without water, but large areas can be reached by ditches from the Colorado river. The most notable district of the rt of in the Salton desert, near the Mexican boundary. A few years ago this was a lonely and forbid ding region, but now, by aid of irrigation from the Colorado river, it has several thriving settlements, with 100,000 people and 200,000 acres of cultivated land. That portion of it known as Imperial valley has the greatest development, and with rich soil and semi-tropical climate phenomenal results have been ob tained when water is applied. One o the best known products of this region is va canteloupe, of which the annual shipments are over 1,800 cars, bringing nearly a million dollars. This valley contains over 400,000 acres of land, and just across the Mex ican line are 200,000 more. The great oil fields of California are in the southern part of the 6tate, and with rapidly in creasing production they promise to be t!3 largest producers in the country. Planning for a Small Family. When catering for a small family, care, judgment and economy must bo used or one kind of food must be ferved several times in order to avoid' waste. When purchasing utensils and dishes for cooking, choose the size most suit able to the size of the family, as such, an Investment has a great advantages even in serving leftovers. Itf buying a roast, too small a on& dries out In cooking and is not an economical purchase. The beef left over may be served In slices heated in a Mexican sauce curry, tomato, or horseradish sauce. The little bits too small to serve may be chopped and seasoned, then used as sandwich fill ing, or one can always have hash. Bits of leftover vegetable like car rot, beans or corn, may be added to a salad greatly to its advantage. Eggs contain no waste and add to the nutriment of a dish. When ma king an omelet if a few peas are at hand fold them in at the last or serve in a sauce poured around an omelet. Very tempting desserts may be made from stale cake cut in rounds or fancy shapes, a preserved pear or, peach, with a little of the syrup and whipped cream served on each piece. For a small family one can make so many attractive little dishes that would be entirely out of the question with a larger family. When using gas a small portable oven to be used over a burner is a great saving. A delicious dessert which is both , pleasing to the eye and the palate is prepared by beating together a half cup of any favorite jelly and the white of one egg. It will take a little time to beat until it stands alone, but the result will repay the effort. Serve in sherbet cups with sweetened whipped cream on top. A change from the usual French toast may be made by cutting the bread in rounds or in some fancy shape, dip in egg and milk and fry in butter as usual. Often a dish refused many times will be welcomed if the appearance is changed. It ia necessary in all successful cooking to appeal first to the eye. ESOLVED to live with all my might while I do live. Re solved, never to lose one mo ment of time, but Improve it In the most profitable way I possibly can. Resolved, never to do any thing which I should de spise or think meanly of In another. Re solved, never to do any thing out of re venge. Resolved, never to do any thing which I should be afraid to do -!.t It were the last hour of my life. Jonathan Edwards. Leaks That Sink the Household Ship. Meat is the most costly and extrava gant of all articles of food. Conse quently every bit should be saved and worked over. - .( The cheaper cuts of meat make the ' best soups and stews. Where a sauce is used to hide the appearance there is no occasion to spend money on choice cuts. Soup meat, tasteless as It is, may be nicely seasoned and made Into pressed meat, hash or other dishes quite as good. Meat left from beef tea should be saved for highly seasoned dishes. The water has drawn out the flavoring and the stimulating principles of. the beef, but the fiber, which contains the greater part of the nourishment, ia left undissolved. After using all the ham that will slice nicely from the bone, chip the remainder for frizzled ham and put the bone in the soup, pot. An ordinary me:t grinder will save money and hours of time, as it chops all kinds of food easily. Fat from meats and soup stock should be carefully saved and clarified, and if carefully done no fat need be bought for general frying. Tea leaves should be pressed tightly after they have been used and put away to use In sweeping the carpet. They both brighten the carpet and keep the dust from flying over the kwalls and furniture. A little water In the wooden tubs will prevent them from falling to pieces. Twine 'aken from bundles, if tied to gether and wound in a ball will awaya be ready when a string is wanted. Fold pieces of manilla paper and put in the wall pocket onthe pantry door. Use them for sifting flour and save time and dishes. A piece of pa per makes a good moulding board when thickly dusted with flour. Old tablecloths make fine tray cloths or strips for the table to save the cloth. They are nice for bread and cake cloths, to cover them after ba king. Put the scrubbing brush, vegetable brush and hairbrush bristle side dowa to dry, otherwise the water soaks inta the brush and soon destroys it.
The Roanoke Beacon and Washington County News (Plymouth, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Oct. 7, 1910, edition 1
3
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