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VOL. XXIII. PLYMOUTH, N. C, FRIDAY, JANUARY 31, 1913. NO. 31.
BIG PROBLEM IS
BEING STUDIED
EXPLANATION OF WORK BUREAU
OF SOCIAL HYGIENE HOPES
TO ACCOMPLISH.
ABOLISH WHITE SLAVE TRADE
John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Tells of the
Plans for the Investigation of
Vice Conditions.
New York. In order that the pub
lie might better understand the Bu
reau of Social Hygiene, John D.
Rockefeller, Jr., gave out a statement
explaining the origin, work and the
plans of that institution. The bureau,
he said, came into existence about
two years ago as a result of the work
of a special grand jury appointed to
investigate the white slave traffic in
New York City. This jury recom
mended that a public commission be
appointed to study the social evil.
Mr. Rockefeller was foreman of
that grand jury and he thereafter
gave the subject deep thought and
conferred with a large number of the
leading men and women. "These con
ferencese," says Mr. Rockefeller, "de
veloped the feeling that a public com
mission would labor under a number
of disadvantages such as the fact that
it would be short lived; that its work
would be done publicly; that at best
it f could hardly do more than pre
sent recommendations. So the con
viction grew that in order to make a
real and lasting improvement in con
ditions, a permanent organization
should be created, the continuation of
which would hot be dependent upon a
temporary wave of reform, nor upon
the life of any man or group of men,
but which would go on, generation
after ereneratlon. continuously making
warfare1 against the forces of evil. It
also appeared that a private organiza
tion would have, among other advan
tages, a certain freedom from public
ity and from political bias, which a
public appointed commission could
not so easily avoid.
"Therefore, as the initial step, in
the winter of 1911 the Bureau of So
cial Hygiene was formed. Its pres
?nt members are Miss Katharine
Bement Davis, superintendent of the
New York state reformatory for worn
en at Bedford Hills, N. Y.: Paul M
Warburg of the firm of Kuhn, Loeb &
Co.; Starr J. Murphy of the New.York
"bar. and John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
"One of the first things undertaken
by the bureau was the establishment
at Bedford Hills, adjacent to the re
formatory, of a labratory of social
hygiene, under Miss Davis' direction.
In this laboratory it is proposed to
studv from the physical, mental, so
cial and moralside each person com
mitted to the reformatory. This study
will be carried on by experts and
each case will be kept under obser
vation for from three weeks to three
months, as may be required. When
the diagnosis is completed, it is hoped
that the laboratory will be in position
to recommend the treatment most
likely to reform the individual, or, if
reformation is impossible to recom
mend permanent custodial care. Fur
thermore. reaching out beyond the in
dividuals involved, it is believed that
thus Important contributions may be
made to a fuller knowledge of the
conditions ultimately responsible for
Tice. If this experiment is success
ful the nrinciple may prove applica
ble to all classes of criminals and the
conditions precedent to crime and
lead to lines of action not only more
scientific and humane, but also less
wasteful than those at present ioiiow
That its work might be done Intel
ligently the bureau employed George
J. Kneeland to make a comprehensive
suirvev of vice conditions in New
York, and Abraham Flexner to study
the social evil in Europe, and their
TPnorts are now being prepared
In conclusion Mr. Rockefeller's
statement says: "It cannot be too
strongly emphasized that the spirit
which dominates the work of the bu
i-pan is not sensational or sentimen
tal or hysterical; that it is not a spirit
of criticism of public officials; but
that it is essentially a spirit of con
structive suggestion and of deep scl
entitle as well as humane interest in
a great world problem.
Ryan's Bond Refused.
Chicago. For the second time the
TTnited States circuit court of appeals
declined to approve bonds submitted
fnr the release of Frank M. Ryan,
president of the International Iron
workers' union; R. H. Houlihan and
William ShuDe of Chicago, convicted
of conspiracy in connection with ille
gal transportation of dynamite. Dis
trict Attorney Miller advised the court
he had inspected the sureties and
found, them insufficient. Bonds of
William Bernhardt of Cincinnati for
llO.ooo 'were accepted.
MRS. STEPHEN B. AYRES
1 V I
III V I
I; &r- I
It VJ
Ml
Mrs. Ayres, wife of Congressman
Ayres of New York, was elected presi
dent of the National League of Demo
cratic Women after a bitter contest.
TURKEY YIELDS TO POWERS
SHE AGREES TO GET OUT OF
EUROPE, BUT IS LIKELY TO
OPPOSE INDEMNITY.
With Her Territory Lost, Turkey Is
Asked far $200.000000- by the
Balkan States.
Young Turks Revolt and
Overthrow Government.
Constantinople. Nazim Pasha,
the former war minister and
commander of the Turkish army,
was shot dead during demon-
strations here.
Manmoud Shefket Pasha, for-
eign minister, has been appoint-
ed grand vizier in place of Kia-
mil Pasha.
Talaat Bey has zeen appoint-
ed minister of the interior, a po-
sition he held in a previous cab-
inet. In a statement after his
appointment he said:
"The change in the cabinet
means that we are going to save
the national honor or perish in
the attempt
"We do not want a continua-
tion of the war, but we are de-
termined to keep Adrianople at
all costs. That is an indispensa-
ble condition of peace."
A vast crowd drawn from all
classes declared for war rather
than peace without Adrianople.
And, because the crowd was back-
ed by public opinion, the govern-
ment surrendered and relinquish-
ed office, making way for the
same men whom the popular
movement brought to the top af-
ter the revolutions of 1908 and
1909.
London, England. Plenipotentiaries
of the Balkan kingdoms are immense
ly pleased over . the decision of the
grand council at Constantinople to
accept the advice of the powers.
While it had become increasingly
certain that the Turkish -elder states
men were prepared to face the bit
ter fate that ends the empire's his
tory as an European nation, it was
hardly expected they would register
their decision so quickly and so def
initely. One crucial point of difference re
mains to be settled is the question
of Indemnity. The allies propose to
levy a heavy paS'ment upon the de
feated nation. . They speak of $200,
000,000 as an adequate sum. Their
minimum is an amount equal to the
Turkish debts attached to the terri
tories which they will annex under
the treaty.
Plans Approved for Gettysburg Camp
Washington Secretary of War
Stimson has approved plans formulat
ed by Maj. James E. Normoyle, and
Capt. H. F. Dalton, for the mammoth
camp to shelter survivors of the Con
federate and Union armies who will
meet at Gettysburg battlefield next
July to commemorate the fiftieth an
niversary of the battle. The camp
will consls of about 34.000 tents,( af
fording accommodations for between
60,000 and 70,000 veterans. There also
will consist of about 54,000 tents, af
plete divisional field hospital.
SOUTH NEGLECTS
CATTLE AND HOGS
SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
WILSON URGES SOUTH TO
RAISE MEAT.
TO ERADICATE CATTLE TICK
Agricultural Department Head Says
Much of Nation's Meat Must
Come From the South.
Washington.-?-" A considerable por
tion of the future meat supply of the
country must come from the South,
and this situation is becoming better
understood and more appreciated ev
ery day. There are millions of acres
of idle land in the Southern states
that are especially adapted to the
production of cattle, and there is no
reason why not only the beef supply,
but the supply of pork for American
markets should not be produced on
the soils of the South."
The above statement was made by
Secretary ,of Agriculture James Wil
son in commenting upon the growing
shortage of the beef supply and the
great opportunities for cattle and hog
raising in Southern states. The sec
retary has always ben much inter
ested in Southern agriculture, particu
larly in the production of live stock.
He has, from time to time, urged on
the committees in congress the neces
sity of the eradication of the cattle
tick,' in order that the only serious
handicap to cattle, production in the
South might be eliminated.
"The one thing that prevents the
South from rapidly progressing in the
production of live stock for markets
is the cattle tick - pest, and that is
gradually getting under control," con
tinues the secretary. "At present
165,000 square miles of territory in
the South have been released from
the tick quarantine, and more territo
ry is being added to this every,
month.
"The tick consumes annually about
200 pounds of blood from each head
of cattle and of course it is impossi
ble to fatten him for market with this
great reserve.
"Not only re there millions of acres
of idle land that could profitably be
used for the rising and pasturing of
cattle, but there are millions of acres
of the best cattle producing lands in
the South that are at present being
used for other purpose that should be
turned into feeding ground for live
stock.
"Take, for example, the over 2,500,-
000 acres of the Cecil clay which Is
found in Alabama, Georgia, North Car
olina, South Carolina and Virginia,
and the 1,500,000 acres of the Hagers-
town loam found in Alabama, Ken
tucky, Tennessee and Virginia. Inves
tigations made by the bureau of soils
shows that these two types of soils
are particularly adapted to cattle pro
duction and grow the finest grasses
and forage crops of any soils in the
country."
FLOODS CAUSE LEVEE BREAK
Planters Are Hurrying Their Stock
and Cattle to Hills.
Grenville, Miss. The crevasse in
the Beulah levee is widening very
slowly, after having reached a width
of 125 feet. It is pouring out at a
depth of six feet of water.
It is not believed any lives have
been lost, as the water is spreading
very slowly, filling up the depressions
Efforts will be made to tie the ends
of the levee at the break, and as the
levee is constructed of stiff buckshot
earth, the belief is expressed that the
crevasse will not widen to any great
extent.
The serious feature of the break is
the fact that, coming this early, the
chances are that it cannot be closed
during the high water season, which
may last until May, and the expense
of carins for stock and labor in the
overflown section for two or three
months will be heavy and a great
burden.
King of Spain May Visit U. S-
Madrid, Spain. It is stated that
thprt is a Drobability that Kinsr Al
fonso of Spain will visit the United
States, possibly next summer, should
the political situation in his kingdom
permit of his doing so.
Corn Growers of Nation.
Columbia, S. C With practically
all the preparations brought to com
pletion, the Fifth National-Corn Expo
sition opened its gates to the public.
Embracing exhibits from two states,
the Federal department of agricultu
ral and prominent sources dealing
with practically every phase of agri
culture the exposition Is, by all odds
the greetest agricultural exposition
that has ever been held in this coun
try. The present event is the result
of two years of planning and prepara
tion. Thousands are expected.
JOSHUA W. ALEXANDER
Representative Alexander of Mis
souri is chairman of the house com
mittee on merchant marine and fisher
ies which is investigating the shipping
trust.
STRONGLY URGE FREE TOLLS
SECRETARY OF STATE KNOX AN
SWERS THE OBJECTIONS OF
GREAT BRITAIN.
This Government Contends for the
Right to Allow Free Passage
to Coastwise Ships.
Washington'. Secretary Knox's re-.
ply to the British protest against the
exemption of American coastwise
shipping' from Panama canal tolls as
sured the: British government that do
mestic coastwise'trade will not be
permitted to extend operation Into
foreign competitive fields and that in
creased tolls will not be laid on for
eign shipping to balance the remis
sion to American ships. If Great Brit
ain is not satisfied on these points
America proposes a special commis
sion of adjustment.
The communication is devoted to
the purpose of reducing to the small
est point and number the issues upon
which the two governments failed to
agree and as to these only two it is
contended that they are entirely sus
ceptible of adjustment by diplomatic
means, and without recourse to arbi
tration. If this course should not prove ac
ceptable to the British government, it
is suggested that the whole controver
sy be referred to a special commis
sion of inquiry.
Secretary Knox begins his note,
which was deliverd to the British for
eign office through Mr. Laughlin,' the
American charge at London, by the
flat statement that he cannot agree
with the British interpretation of the
canal treaties, so far as they limit
the freedom of action of America or
infringe British treaty rights. Point
ing out that the Grey note was issued
without consideration of the presi
dent's toll proclamation, the secretary
states that Sir Edward deals chiefly
with the possibilities of what the
president might do under the . canal
act, whereas the proclamation has en
tirely changed the situation.
Taking up the objections made by
the British government, Secretary
Knox first discusses that which ap
plies to the exemption from tolls of
the government vessels of Panama.
This, he declares, to be a great and
complete surprise to the United
States, which always had asserted
without challenge that the status of
the countries immediately concerned
by reason of their political relation
to the territory in which the canal
was to be constructed was different
from that of all oth?r countries. He
does not believe, therefore, that the
British government intended to pro
pose arbitration of this question.
In regard to a second British ob
jection, that the Panama canal act
might be thought to confer upon the
president the power to discriminate
in the use of the canal in favor of
all ships belonging to the United
States and its citizens, even in the
foreign trade, . by granting them re
duced tolls, the note quotes from the
memorandum attached to the canal
act by the president
Independent Succeeds Bob Taylor.
Nashville Tenn. Prof. W. It
Webb of Be'.Ibuckle, Tenn., Independ
ent Democrat, was elected United
States senator for the term tndmg
March 4 next. He defeated M. T.
Bryan of Nashville, Democrat, 73 to
53. Professor Webb's election came
on the eight ballot taken by-ihe leg
islature, his votes coming from Re
publican and independent Democratic
ranks, reinforced by 11 votes from
Shelby county. M. T. Bryan, practi
cally his only competitor, recpived 1
Republican vote.
M
K DONE BY
THE JLAWMAKERS
LIKELY TO ENDORSE THE WEBB
KENYON BILL PROHIBITING
LIQUOR SHIPMENTS.
MANY BILLS CONSIDERED
Legislative Work That Is Being Done
by the State General Assembly.
Many of the Legislators Are For
Compulsory . Education.
Senate Tuesday.
Raleigh. The Justice joint resolu
tion passeds the House, 65 to 27, with
numerous prominent Democrats voting
against it, to invite W. J. Bryan, Wood
row Wilson and R. M. LaFollette to
address the Legislature on modern
methods of political reform, particu
larly the initiative and referendum,
was defeated in the Senate 27 to 23.
A message from Governor Craig
was received transmiting the majority
and minority reports on the consoli
dation of the A. & M. College and the
State Department of Agriculture.
Another message from tha Gover
nor transmitted the report and rec
ommendations of Commissioner of
Insurance James R. Young.
The Senate passed Senator Hob
good's bill to authorize the Commis
sioners of Guilford county to appro
priate $3,000 for a Confederate monu
ment. House Tuesday.
Messages were received from Gov
ernor Craig. One transmitted the ma
jority and minority reports of the
Legislative Committee that inevsti
gated the advisability of consolidating
the A. & M. College and the State De
partment of Agriculture.
The other messages from the Gov
ernor transmitted the report and rec
ommendations of Commissioner of
Insurance James R. Young.
The House passed on final reading
the bill amending the charter of Elon
College. It was ordered enrolled for
ratification.
Senate Wednesday.
Petitions were presented for a six
months school term from citizens of
Forsyth county, other counties and
several Farmers' Unions; for a better
child law and a compulsory school
law from various Junior Order coun
cils; for a censorship of moving pic
ture films from the Ministerial Union
of Statesville; to increase the num
ber of Superior Court judges to 24
from the bar of Goldsboro.
The following bills were passed on
final reading:
House bill to build a bridge over
South River, between Cumberland
and Sampson counties.
Senate bill to repeal the act for a
bridge across Pee Dee River.
Senate bill to repeal the Anson
county road bond act of 1911.
Senate resolution for relief of Jo
seph S. Royster, sheriff of Vance
A number of new bills were intro
duced in the Senate.
House Wednesday.
Mr. Murphy for the Committee on
Rules recommended the apolntment
of a Committee on Forestry, Drainage
and Conservation.
5 Among bills receiving favorable
committee report were: Providing
bail for fugitives; foreclosure of cer
tain conditional sales; bill relating to
venue of action; bill amending the
law as to making false statements to
secure goods on credit; bill prohibit
ing tipping. The Committee on
Health reported unfavorably the bill
by Williams of Cabarrus to restrict
the right of medical colleges to use
bodies of paupers for dissecting.
There was favorable report for the
bill allowing the Virginia, Carolina
Railroad company to build a road in
Ashe county.
Senate Thursday.
The following final readings:
Senate bill to provide additional
support for the graded schools of
Newbern.
House bill to enable Kinston to
vote on bonds for the Feeble-Minded.
.Senate bill to repeal the act re
quiring thhe sheriff of Anson county
to .purchase and keep bloodhounds.
Senate bill to repeal the act of 1911
relative to stock law in portion of
Pitt county.
Senate bill ta amend the charter
of the Watauga Railway Company, so
as to allow it to take right-of-way
before condemnation proceedings.
House bill to amend the charter
of Elon College, as amended by the
Committee on Judiciary No. 1. to
strike out the provision ruiluns it
a misdemeanor to sell on credit to
a minor student without consent of
the college authorities.
House Thursday. '
Among bills receiving favorable re
ports from committees were: Justice's
legalized primary law.with minority!
report from Elections Committee byl
Mr. Bowie and five others, urging that
it do not pass. To authorize Dunn to
issue sewerage bonds; Stewart's bill!
as to divorce for abandonment
amended so divorce is available after
five instead of two years; exemption
of National Guardsmen from jury and
road duty.
The House made a special order for
the Justice primary election bill for
the evening of January 31.
Senate Friday.
Petitions were received from citi
zens of Richmond, Craven, Halifax,
Madison, and Rockingham counties
for a six-months school term, and from
Junior Order Councils in Guilford, Da
vidson and Mecklenburg for a better
child labor law and for compulsory
school law.
The building and loan bill was laid
before the Senate as unfinished busi
ness. The bills as amended by the Commit
tee, were then passed on final reading
without division and ordered engross
ed and sent to the house.
The joint resolution providing for
a Standing Committee on Private and
Public Local Bills was called up by
Senator Hobgood, and adopted, after
a little discussion, by a decisive vote.
Hous Friday.
Numerous petitions for give-months
school terms and for compulsory at
tendance were sent forward.
There was also a petition for the
repeal of the license tax on photog
raphers. Among the bills favorably reported
from committees were:
To allow jurors to be drawn from '
counties other 4&an that pf trial in
certain cases; the Williams of Bun--combe
vital statistics bill; to allow
counties to establish hospitals; em
ployer's liability bill making the Fed
eral tfcw apply in state cases; to pre
vent tipping; and to prevent children
from using firearms.
Senate Saturday.
The Senate suspended rules for
Senator Stubbs and passed an em-
ployers' liability bill he only intro
duced today, which embraced all cor
porations. It extends to them the
provisions of the act of Congress rela
tive to common carriers' liability to
employees, the bill applying this act
to North Carolina.
The Senate passed the Council act
to prevent a multiplicity of indict
ments below the grade of felony.
The Senate referred the joint reso
lution from the House asking for the
passage of the Webb-Kenyon liquor
bill by Congress to the Committee on
Federal Relations.
Among bills whicfT passed final
reading were: To consolidate Winston
and Salem; to authorize the construc
tion of Watauga Railroad through
Watauga and Ashe counties as part
of the Carolina-Virginia road.
House Saturday.
Just before adjournment Saturday
the House found itself confronted with
the condition that, there being no
private or local public bills on the
calendar, there was nothing that could
be done further Saturday or Monday,
owing to a motion by Justice of Guil
ford adopted that no public bills be
considered during his absence. Mem
bers of the House insisted that they
had not intended to vote any such
motion, their understanding being
that merely none of the bills intro
duced by Justice, or In which he was
specially interested, should be con
sidered. Mr. Stewart's bill against tipping
passed second reading in the House.
A number of bills were Introduced
in the House.
Senate Monday.
Senator Watts, chairman of the
Comiittee on Appropriations, moved
for the appointment of a clerk to his
committee.
The fallowings bills passd final
readings:
House bill to amend the charter of
Town of Salem.
Senate bill to authorize Waynes
ville to issue bonds and complete the
graded school building.
Senate bill to amend the charter
of East Spencer, Rowan county.
Senate bill to authorize an election
for graded school bonds in Scotland
Neck.
Senate bill authorising Forsyth
county to issue refunding bonds or
notes to pay for part of the construc
tion of Roanoke & Southern Railway.
Senate bill to validate electric light
bond election in Asheboro.
Senate bill to incorporate Town of
Grandin, Caldwell county.
House Monday.
There was the usual flood of petitions
from all sections of the state for six
motifus school terms and a number for
compulsory attendance and for child
labor legislation.
There was favorable report for the
Kellum bill to restore local self-government
to New Hanover county, a
bill that only provides for change lit.
the number of justices of the peaea
Tor Wilmington township.