Newspapers / The Roanoke Beacon and … / May 23, 1913, edition 1 / Page 2
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ouths if: i, y - , - WW Hi ma i I HATTANOOGA, Tenn. The an nual reunion of the United Con federate Veterans will be held here May 27-29 inclusive. On the same dates, also, the Sons of Confederate Veterans meet here in annual reunion. Two of the heaviest battles of the Civil war were fought on territory now practically included In the city of Chattanooga, or as suburbs. These were the terrible battle of Chicka mauga, In which more blood flowed than on any other field, not excepting European countries, and the battle of Missionary Ridge, the result of which broke the hold of the Confederates upon the Chattanooga valley and turned the territory over to the Union army. These battles were fought Just fifty years ago, and this year is, therefore, their semi-centennial. The battle of Chickamauga was fought September 19 and 20, 1S63. The battle of Missionary Ridge was fought two months later, or, to be exact, on November 25, 1863. Two less important battles, however, were fought here. These were the battle of Lookout Mountain, November 21, and the battle of Orchard Knob, No vember 23. ; These three engagements constitute the battle of Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge being the climax in the series of-battles." About 50,000 men were killed, wounded and missing In the fighting around Chattanooga. . The engage ment at Chickamauga furnished about 35,000 of the total casualties. To commemorate and memorialize these battlefields, the national gov ernment and states have spent large sums of money.. There are about 2,000 memorials of all kinds and de scriptions on the battlefields here. These memorials consist of marble and bronze monuments, mounted can non, historical tablets, distance tab lets, and observation towers. The government has converted Chickamauga into a national military park. It contains about 6,500 acres of land, and this will be largely in- creased in the near future through additional purchases. Fort Oglethorpe, a brigade army 'post, the largest in the United States, has been estab lished at Chickamauga park, and is , now occupied by the Eleventh cavalry. The roads in Chickamauga park have been preserved in practically the same topographical . form as they were before the great battle. The government, however, has covered all of them with macadam, giving the tourist a continuous journey of about 110 miles over the government boule vards and battlefield roads. The federal government has erected on these fields nine handsome gran ite monuments to regular troops, and twenty-three shell monuments. It has also erected five iron and stefij observation towers seventy feet hign Wilders observation tower is 85 feet high. There have been placed on these fields 700 historical tablets, and 860 distance and locality tablets. The northern states have spent a large amount of money on the Chatta nooga battlefields, New York leading in the total expenditure. That state 'has spent about $100,000 for a con siderable group of monuments scat tered over the field3. The most im posing New York monument is on Lookout Mountain In Point Park. Ohio has a group of monuments here that cost about $130,000, includ ing the expense of markers and tab lets. The states of Pennsylvania, In- dlana, Illinois. Michigan and Wiscon- from the fierce fraternal strife, re Ein are liberally represented by monu- deemed and regenerated, and now HAD SAILORS, Why Officers of the Confederate Navy Were Put In Command of the Shore Batteries. otephen B. Mallory was made sec retary of the Confederate States navy, and the department was or - other cabinet departments ! ; ; eterans to (By CAPT. JAMES JOLK SMARTT, ments, as are a number of other northern states. The southern states have spent a great deal of money here also In erecting monuments, tablets and markers. Tennessee has four monu ments and forty-seven markers at Chickamauga. South Carolina has one monument and ten markers at Chickamauga. Alabama has author ized the expenditure of $25,000 for a monument on the same field. Florida appropriated $15,000 for a monument at Chickamauga. This monument, with the Imposing memorial erected by the Ladies' Memorial Association of Alabama, will be dedicated during the May reunion. One of the hand somest monuments on the field of Chickamauga is the Georgia monu ment, erected at a cost of $25,000. The sentimental inscription on this monu ment is as follows: "To the lasting memory of all her sons who fought on this field those who fought and lived and those who fought and died, those who gave much and those who gave all, Georgia erects this' monument." Kentucky has a beautiful monument' at Chickamauga bearing the following inscription: "Erected to her sons who fought and fell. As we are united In life and they united in death, let one monument perpetuate their deeds, and one people, forgetful of all appetites, forever noia m graierui rememorance all the glories of that terrible conflict" which made all men free and retained every star on the nation's flag." South Carolina has a handsome monument at Chickamauga on which the following inscription appears: "To her faithful sons at Chickamauga, South Carolina erects this monument to commemorate the valor they prov ed, and the lives they gave, on this great battlefield." Maryland has erected a monument at Chickamauga to both blue and gray. The Inscription on this monu ment Is as follows: "The proud her itage bequeathed to worthy sons of illustrious sires arose, Phoenix-like, BUT NO SHIPS few vessels. So it fell to the duty of naval officers to command bat teries, and the first were on the Poto mac river. While both armies were prepar ing for the contest that commenced with the battle of Bull Run, or Man nassas, the Confederates erected a line of batterie on the Potomac .v.:.v '.r1i.j" v r'Trtfkidd Washlng- v ' ' w-a'Wp'w' aM,tA 111 Tr,,.: ihi j :?.wMh y 4 - I I t3 - m.L.. u . ..s i - .....:.. v ; - .. f x- Mm ?. m . x Lj - v - rf - j : Meet on Historian of the Chattanooga-Chickamauga National Park Commission.) v; . Vjarsa ....... J r and forever, victor and vanqaished are indissolubly united, knowing but one God, one country, one destiny." The battle of Chickamauga had, according to men who gave the sub ject careful and painstaking study, the highest percentage of loss known to wars, for two days' fighting. The armies threw themselves upon each other with a fury that is probably not exceeded In the history of wars. The battle, beginning in earnest on Sat urday, September 19, lasted until Sun day evening about dusk, when ' Gen. George II. Thomas withdrew his forces from Snodgrass hill and aban doned the field to the Confederates. There was an intercession of the fighting, of course, Saturday night, because of darkness, but hostilities were resumed early Sunday morning. The two armies fought back and forth over the field 4all of Sunday, strewing the ground with the dead and wounded and setting high water mark for casualties. The loss in this battle will never be known, but the most careful estimates place the num ber of dead, wounded and missing at about 35,000, or about one-third of the number engaged. Some commands lost as high as 70 per cent, of their men. After this battle, the federal forces began strengthening their fortifica- tions around Chattanooga. The Con- federates moved nearer to the city and also fortified their position, throwing their lines in front of the city from the river above to the river below. The two armies occupied practically the same positions for two months. Hostilities were re sumed actively with a movement by the federals, on November 23, against Orchard Knob. General Grant had reached Chattanooga a month earlier and assumed command of the army. His plan of campaign was to surprise the Confederates at the north end of Missionary Ridge by sending General Sherman against that potision. and carry the ridge, which was held by the Confederates, to the railroad tun nel before it could, be occupied by a even their gunboats had to sneak by at night. The most effective of these batteries was that commanded by Capt. W. F. Lynch of the Con federate States navy, at Aquia Creek. To take this battery the en emy planned an expedition of four gunboats, with a regiment of men to land and hold the works. On June 29, 1861, the United States gun boats Pensacola, ten guns; the Ana costa, Resolute and Freeborn, two guna each, under command of Cap- - . . . . Famous A ? Wm - - V ' stronger force. General Hooker was kept in Lookout Valley to guard against a movement from the Confed erate left. General Thomas was to move the Army of the Cumberland to the left, connect with Sherman if he reached the tunnel on Missionary Ridge, and then sweep southward, driving the Confederates up the val ley, and out of reach of their base of supplies at Chickamauga, Tenn. The Union movement against Or chard Knob was made for the pur pose of verifying a report that Gen eral Grant had received that the Con federates were retreating. It was a successful movement, andhat emi nence fell into the hands of the Fed erals, becoming General Grant's head quarters during the remainder of the campaign. Next day the battle of Lookout Mountain was fought. This engage ment took place on a bench of Look out Mountain, below the summit, and is known as the "battle above the clouds." The Confederates were driv en from their position. During this battle a cloud swept over the moun tain, enveloping the contending regi ments. The, battle of Missionary Ridge was fought November 25. During the night of November 24 all of General Bragg's troops were withdrawn from Lookout Mountain and the Chatta nooga Valley and massed on Mission ary Ridge. About 4 o'clock on the evening of November 25 a general advance on Missionary Ridge was or dered from General Grant's headquar ters. One of the most imposing spec tacles of the Chattanooga campaign was witnessed here. The Union sol- navy, opened fire upon this battery, which was returned briskly. The fight lasted two hours, when Ward retired with no loss on either side. On June 1, Ward renewed the fight, this time for five hours, expending about- 600 shot and shell, when again he was forced to retire with a loss of five men and the Free born so badly damaged that it had to go to Washington navy yard for repairs. There were no casualties on the Confederate side, though the Batt efields diers were advanced across a level plain for a mile in plain view' from the crest of the ridge, and ordered to capture and hold ' the Confederate rifle pits at the base. The fighting on the slopes' of thi9 ridge was among the hardest of the Civil war. The Confederates were driven from the ridge. This victory left the Union army in undisputed possession of the Chattanooga valley. The Confeder ates retreated into Georgia. These military operations, from be ginning to end, extended over a wide scope of territory. A circle drawn around ( Chattanooga to?" cover the., ground 'over which the atonies con tended desperately for the mastery, would be about thirty miles in diam eter, or fifteen miles in all directions from the, center of the city. There, was, of course, much fighting, of the skirmish character, while the Federal army was advancing from Middle Tennessee on Chattanooga. After the battles around Chattanooga, when the Confederates were retreating south to Atlanta, there was almost continuous fighting, some of the en gagements amounting to pitched bat tles. Among these was the bloody en gagement at Kennesaw Mountain. The national government and the state governments are uniting in the work of reclaiming, beautifying and adorning these fields. While a great deal of progress has been made, the work is by no means completed. It has been suggested a number of times by responsible persons that In time the national government should erect a colossal arch at Chattanooga as a memorial to both armies, and a testimonial to American valor. The erection of such a memorial Is one of the future possibilities. Daughters of Confederacy. Although less than twenty yeara old, the United Daughters of the Confed eracy has become one of the most im portant women's organizations of the world. It now has over 1,200 chap ters, representing almost every state in the Union. There are 23 states having divisions numbering at -least three chapters. The total membership now approximates 80,000, and it is rap idly increasing, as there have been prizes offered the different chapters for additional members. There are strong bonds of unity between south ern women, and in whatever state they settle they are uniting to form new chapters and to make their organiza tion more powerful each day. Gift for Sick Child. A gift which brings happiness to a sick child is a paper doll given in this way: Send the doll, a small-jointed doll, for which you can make crape paper dresses, with one dress, and a note to the sick child, saying that every day, or every third day, or every week, as you please, the morning mail will bring an addition to the doll's wardrobe. At different times send dresseo i'or the house, party dresses trimmed with paper flowers, hats, muffs, capes and coats, kimonos and street clothes. An other doll or so also can be sent. . ters were badly wrecked. Captain Ward, in reporting the engagement to the United States navy depart ment, said: "I was surprised at the heroic persistency with which Capt, W. F. Lynch, formerly of our navy, who. commanded at Aquia Creek during my several attacksf held his post, glass in hand, on the ramparts, against all the urgency of his men to quit a post made des perately hazardous by the shot and shell falling thickly ' r.nd exploding about him." MmWIONAL NWSGIOOL (By E. O. SELLERS, Director of Even ing Department, The Moody Bible In stitute of Chicago.) LESSON FOR MAY 25. JOSEPH AND BENJAMIN. LESSON TEXT Gen. 43:18, 19, 23-34. GOLDEN TEXT "He that loveth his brother abideth in the light." I John 2:10. Jacob's plaintive cry. as uttered in verse six of this chapter touches the heart of any father, but God Is work ing out his plan unknown to Jacob. The brothers .must have been im pressed by Joseph's words that they should dare starvation, and their fa ther's grief and anger, rather than re turn to Egypt without their brother Benjamin. Judah, who before had sought to de liver Joseph, now offers to become surety for Benjamin. Thus it was that Jacob was persuaded, but to make as good an impression as pos sible with this strange Egyptian ruler Jacob directed that in addition to the necessary funds a present also be pre pared (43:11), and remembering the strange return of the money before, that this time a double portion be taken. Two words will serve to di vide the lesson. Fear and Feasting. Sought His Brother. I. Fear, vv. 18-25. Ordinarily such an invitation to Joseph's house would be considered a great honor, but in this strange land and possessed by guilty, conscience we read, "And the men were afraid." They who bo carelessly sold their brother into sla very are themselves fearful of becom ing "bondmen." Joseph did seek an. occasion against them but it was that, he might secure his brother Benjamin (the others were only half-brothers) to abide with him in Egypt. Notice how eagerly they explain the matter of the money in their sacks to the steward. The steward seeks to reas sure them by telling them that, "your God, the God of your father hath giv en you treasure in your sacks." In deed God had, but he gave them their blessing through another. Even so we through grace are blessed by means of another who is our Joseph. Christ is constantly .seeking to reas sure our hearts. II. Feasting, vv. 26-34. In last week's lesson we beheld these broth ers bowing before Joseph even as his dream had indicated (37:5-8) and now a second time they are on their faces before him. They had bragged that it should never be so, "we shall see (37:20) and Indeed they are now see ing. That man who says to God "I will not" in the end is always com pelled to do that very thing he in his pride said he would not do. Those who now mock our Joseph will in the end be compelled to do him obeisance, Rom. 14:11; Phil. 2:10. It was that Joseph might gain his brother Benja min that he made all of these delays in revealing himself to , his , other brothers. As we have seen Benjamin, was Joseph's only full brother 30:22 etc., and had had no part in the con spiracy against Joseph, hence Joseph's heart went out in great love for Ben jamin, vv. 29-31. Joseph's tears were no sign of weakness but rather of strength, John 11:35; 2 Tim. 1:4. Such a manifestation of emotion ought never to be suppressed. Bold Pretense. Joseph knew full well how to con trol his emotions (v. 31) till the prop er time. Joseph (v. 27) is fearful that his father might have passed away yet his question does not reveal his iden tity. We wonder if there must not have been some suspicion in the minds of these Hebrews when their Egyptian host told the exact order of thpfr rpanpptivB asrpa v 9.9. (ape olan. 44:12), and that perhaps Joseph might after all be alive. Doubtless their guilty consciences were again aroused when they beheld their youngest brother singled out for such manifest, partiality (v. 34). They, however,, made a bold pretense and "drank largely," R. V., making merry to cover their confusion. If their drink caused Intoxication we do not' know. Any how they are not held before us as an example in this particular, nor does the biblical account demand that, we defend them in this matter. , This was a strange feast The sight or tsenjamm .recalls to josepn the memories of iiome and mother and caused him to retire from the pres ence of his brothers lest he reveal himself through his tears. Return ing he restrains his emotions while at the same time his brothers are la boring under 'the constraint of thelr fears. What differing emotions haunt ing memories recall. Joseph's mem ories fill him with love and tenderness while the brothers are filled with sus picion of the entertainment they are rprpivinc The golden text as applied to Jo seph reveals the secret of the strength of his character. To abide in the light is to be always true to God. It means to reveal ultimately the mean ing of the darkness. All of this comes out more clearly when Joseph at last fully reveals himself to his brothers. To walk in the light alone wllk enable us to keep the golden rule for "Love is goodness in action." This is a ten der lesson to relate to the young and for the older we might discuss such questions as Emotion and Religion,. What la it to walk In the light, The In tellect and emotions. SO Lesson
The Roanoke Beacon and Washington County News (Plymouth, N.C.)
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May 23, 1913, edition 1
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