V,
i.;
GEESE ARE EXCEPTIONALLY GOOD RANGERS
Itaifie geese! A few of them will
Puy on every furm, in the opinion of
N. L. Ilarria, superintendent of the
Kansas State Agricultural college
poultry farm.
"Geese are exceptionally good rang
ers and can be raised more economi
cally than any other kind of poultry,"
said Mr. Ilarris.
"Waste ground may be inclosed with
24-Inch hog wire and the geese al
lowed to feed at will on grass and in
jects. If the ground is damp or wet
and the supply of tender, green feed is
plentiful, the geese grow rapiHly and
are ready for market when twelve to
sixteen weeks old.
"When the geese, are six, weeks of
age they get their living from grass,
bugs, and worms, and require little if
any grain. They may be turned out to
forage during the day.
"The goose industry has not been
developed In the West because the
market price is so low. The price,
however, is almost twice as high as
that paid a few years ago.
"While they produce the meat cheap-
RAISING GEESE ON
COMBINATION FOR HEN:keep flies from chickens
Buckwheat and Rye Are Recom
mended as Being All Right.
Former Supplies Crop of Seed In Fall,
While Latter Supplies Green
Forag During Winter
Sow First of August.
"Buckwheat and rye seems a funny
combination, but it is all right when
:you come to think about it. The buck
wheat will not be detrimental to the
xye and will give a crop of seed In the
fall while the rye will give a crop of
green foliage during the winter. Then,
If you have bees, you will get another
profit from the buckwheat.
s Sow your buckwheat and rye togeth
er along about the first of August.
The buckwheat should be rather thin
so it will not shade the rye when it Is
Bmall, and one buckwheat plant will
spread enough to take up a foot of
space. The foliage is not dense and
rye will grow beneath It.
It Is not necessary to harvest the
seeds of buckwheat. It is best, though,
to keep the hens off it until the crop
Is well set or they will destroy the
"latei" bloom In harvesting the first
seedsNwhen in the milk. If the first
seeds ripen and drop it is no disad
vantage, for the hens will gather them
all up when they are admitted. The
rye gets a better start also from hav
ing the hens shut off during the time it
Is starting. liens love the small ten
der shoots and will keep them eaten
close If allowed to do so. They do not
need them in the fall, but they will
need all the growth the rye will make
during winter when there Is no other
green.
If you will provide a field of rye
and buckwheat and will turn the hens
Into It just before it gets cold in the
fall and let them put themselves in
good condition for winter laying, they
cannot help but give a good account of
themselves. Feed some meat scraps
or milk in addition to their regular
grain ration and this extra green and
seed, and you give them an ideal start.
The crop of buckwheat Is worth more
than its grain value at this season.
.Then It is a splendid feed supplied
. without the cost of harvesting, and on
ground that would not be used for
anything else at this season.
Hye will keep green all winter and
will carry the hens well into the spring
with a succulent green feed so neces
sary to secure the best fertility in the
ipggs. One of the reasons why early
eggs lack In fertility is the lack of
green feed at this season.
If rye cannot be had, wheat will
answer very well in its place, but rye
gives a heavier growth. If sown early
and given a good start, wheat will give
a good account of itself.
'USEFUL RUNWAY FOR CHICKS
iPortable Inclosure Is Most Convenient
Where Few Chickens Are Raised
' By Mother Hen.
A portable runway Is a most con
venient thing to have around a place
where few chickens are raised by
mother hen. It gives an opportunity
to get them away from the regular
chicken yard, where they will get!
fresh earth to dig in and still be safe.
Tlie loss of young chicks from cats,
hawks and other pests is as great as
loqs from sickness. This loss can be
averted at a very moderate expense,
Anv man or woman can make a run-
way of common lath which is prefer,-
able to some other kinds of material.
I ly and are extremely easy to raise, peo
ple have not learned to relish goose
meat In the middle West. Raising
geese in large numbers would not be
profitable, on account of distance to
markets. Every farmer, nevertheless,
should raise enough geese for home
consumption and for the feathers for
home use. The largest numbers of
geese are found in southeastern Kan
sas among the German settlements."
The best breeds to raise in Kansas
are the Emden, a white goose, and
the Toulouse, a gray goose, in the
opinion of Mr. Ilarris. Those are the
largest geese. Because no water need
be provided for swimming purposes,
they are called "dry land" goose. j
While geese forage well and produce
meat cheaply, they are of little value
for egg production further than breed
ing purposes. The young geese sel
dom lay more than 20 eggs a year and
from 30 to 40 is an exceptionally high
record for an older goose. Geese for
breeding purposes can be profitably
kept until they are from eight to four
teen years old.
A LARGE SCALE.
Houses and Yards Constitute Hatch
eries Unless Preventive Measures
Are Observed.
Poultry houses and poultry yards
constitute bad fly hatcheries, unless
preventive measures are taken.
The accumulations on the dropping
boards and under the roosts left for
only a few days become a live mass of
maggots which in a short time increase
the fly population of the farm by mil
lions. Even, when the poultry houses are
regularly cleaned every few days and
the manure stored in ordinary boxes or
barrels, the eggs continue to hatch
and the maggots wriggle through
cracks to the ground, and the fly in
crease goes on just the same unless
the manure Is treated with borax, hel
lebore, or some other effective prepara
tion. Experiments have shown that borax
is the most reliable and effective prep
aration, and the expense Is also less.
The plan followed In treating manure
in this way is to have can dusters of
borax in the poultry houses and sift a
little of the borax over the dropping
boards, or under the roosts, where no
dropping boards are used, making sure
to sift the borax thoroughly along the
edges where the fly maggots will move
when leaving the manure to escape in
to the ground.
Only a small quantity of the pow
dered borax is required an ounce or a
trifle more being sufficient for each
bushel of manure treated.
The cost of borax in 100-pound lots
obtained from mail-order houses or
other wholesale channels should not be
over five or six cents a pound, and
about nine cents purchased by the sin
gle pound. The cost per hen for treat
ing the manure during the fly-breeding
season need not exceed a half-cent
a bird.
SELECTED EGGS FOR MARKET
Steadily Increasing Demand for Fresh
Product of Good Quality Little
Labor Required.
Eggs for market should be the most ;
Important source of income from the j
farm flock. There Is a steadily increas- '
Ing demand for fresh eggs of good '
quality at profitable prices. In addi- !
tion, eggs are produced with less labor .
than other poultry products and are j
more conveniently marketed. i
Poultry for market should be the ;
second source of income. Under pres
ent conditions, the larger part of the
poultry meat produced on most farms
is a by-product produced and sold
with little regard to the cost of pro
duction. The poultry man should plan
for his work so that while producing
eggs for market, he may obtain con
siderable revenue from the sale of
broilers during June and July, fowls
during September and October, and
capons from January to April.
WATER AND GRIT FOR CHICKS
Be6t Not to Feed Youngsters Anything
Until They Get Accustomed to
New Surroundings.
Chicks may have water and grit Im
mediately after being placed In the
hover, but it Is best not to feed them
for a few hours until they get accus
tomed to the brooder. The first food
may be bread and milk, johnny-cake
baked hard and fed dry, or dry grain
chick feed. Some poulterers assert that
a feed of clabbered milk is good be-
cause the acid in the milk has a tend-
ency to kill any germs that may exist
in the digestive organs.
THE
CAN DEPEND ON DAIRY COWS
Preservation of Milk Is as Essential as
Production Keep Out All Dis
ease Germs.
The datrj cow will be called apon
to yield her maximum share of the
world's food supply during the com
ing months of war. She can be de
pended upon for production, but pres
ervation of the milk Is man's part. The
value of milk Is dependent upon the
care it receives after it is drawn from
the cow. Consequently preservation Is
as essential as production. Milk is
dangerous as human food if it con
tains disease germs or worthless If it
is so loaded with bacteria that Its com
plex food nutrients are partly decom
posed. It Is equally valueless to the
producer and distributor if it sours be
fore It can be put to use.
To prevent the entrance of disease
germs into milk, healthy, tuberculin
tested cows free from any udder in
flammation or garget irre the first es
sentials. Healthy men, and pure Ma
ter from a protected well or spring are
of second importance. Clean utensils,
covered pails and clean cows come
next.
Keeping milk sweet is entirely ft
matter of cleanliness and temperature
regulation. Cows free fWm manure and
dirt especially in the region of the ud
der and flanks; utensils that are care
fully cleansed, scalded and dried; and
careful protection of the milk from
flies and dirt after production, will
prevent the entrance of bacteria Into
milk.
Milk Is soured by bacterial develop
ment and multiplication. Bacteria can
not reproduce fast enough to sour milk
in 24 hours if it Is kept below a tem
perature of 53 degrees Fahrenheit.
Therefore, milk should be cooled as
soon after production as possible. The
easiest and most practical plan of
cooling is to sink the cans to the level
of the milk in a tub or running spring
of cold water and to stir the milk fre
quently for five or ten minutes until
cool. It should be held at or below
So degrees Fahrenheit If possible until
used.
The five essentials for production
of first grade milk, as given by Percy
Werner, Jr. of the Missouri college of
agriculture, are: 1. Healthy cows and
men ; 2. Clean cows and men ; 3. Clean
cans and palls; 4. Covered milking
pails; 5. Cooling milk to 55 degrees
Fahrenheit or below within an hour af
ter production and holding It as low
as possible until delivered.
IMPROVEMENT ON MILK PAIL
Arranged to Minimize Possibility of
Dirt Entering Milk Very Sim
ple in Construction.
In illustrating and describing a milk
pall, the invention of W. G. Parmele,
4025 North Kostner avenue, Chicago,
the Scientific American says:
The main object of the inventor is
to provide a milk pail which minimizes
the possibility of dirt entering the
Improved Milk Pail.
milk, as from the switching of the
cow's tail, which prevents the milk
from reaching the milker, which is con
venient for carriage, which serves as
a seat for the milker, which is very
simple in construction, highly efficient
in use, and thoroughly practical, and
which is comparatively inexpensive.
COMPLETE RATION FOR COWS
Animal Weighing Approximately 1,000
Pounds Should Be Given Wide
Variety of Feeds.
A complete ration for a cow weigh
ing approximately 1,000 pounds may
be made by feeding one pound of grain
mixture for every three or four pounds
of milk produced in addition to: (1)
30 pounds of corn silage and .10 pounds
of hay clover or alfalfa preferred), or
(2) 80 pounds roots and 15 pounds of
hay, or (3) S pounds dried beet pulp
soaked 12 to 24 hours prior to feeding
and 10 pounds of hay, or (4) 20 pounds
of hay with 1 to 2 pounds of oilmeal
added to her grain.
RAISE BEST HEIFER CALVES
Good Cows Are Becoming Scarce and
High in Price Young Animals
Will Replace Thr.n.
It pays to raise the heifer calves
from cows of high producing ability
as good cows are becoming scarce and
high in price. These heifers can then
replace any cows that may not be
paying well and the cows when sold
will bring a good price and add to the
farm Income.
i
"
i
I
I I I B
FUNGOUS DISEASES
EXCELLENT YIELD OF POTATOES, FOLLOWING VETCH.
(Frepared by the United Slates Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
The sweet potato is attacked by a
number of fungus diseases, some of
which attack the vine and others the
tubers. Some of these diseases dovel
I op and cause losses In the field, while
, others appear after the potatoes are
' placed in storage. With a knowledge
! of the different diseases and how they
spread, with a proper system of crop
1 rotation, and with care in the selection,
handling and bedding of seed potatoes,
much of the loss from diseaseslcan be
I avoided.
Stem Rot (Wilt, Blue Stem, Yellow
j Blight),
i This disease is caused by the fungi
Fusarium batatatis and Fusarium hy
peroxysporum. The stem rot is first
noticed as a yellowish discoloration of
' the leaves at the tips of the vines. If
i the stem is pinched open It will be
j found blackened Inside. This discolor
ation often extends 3 to 5 feet from the
I hill, and Is soon followed by wilting
and collapse of the vine. Later the
' stem ruptures and the surface becomes
blackened and rotted, though the plant
! may produce a few potatoes. The fun
gus causing the disease may invade the
potatoes also, forming a blackened ring
about a quarter of an inch below the
'. surface.
! Control. The fungus causing stem
' rot lives through the winter on dead
' sweet-potato vines left in the field and
In potatoes put in storage. The dis
ease may be spread by Insects, farm
animals, farm Implements and wind, or
by dumping discarded diseased pota
toes on the fields as fertilizer either
before or after feeding to live stock.
Stem rot may be controlled by
proper selection and handling of seed
potatoes, by using clean hotbeds, and
by crop rotation. The fungus causing
stem rot invades the potatoes; there
fore, if plants are produced from these
potatoes, they will become diseased. It
is very hard to detect the disease on
young plants when pulled from the bed,
therefore many diseased plants are set
in the field and continue the spread of
stem rot. It is necessary, then, to have
seed potatoes free from disease, and
these can be secured by growing seed
from vine cuttings on new land or in
selecting the seed in the field at time of
digging. In selecting the seed each hill
should be tested by splitting the stem,
and If no black streaks appear the po
tatoes may be used for seed. Tills se
lection should be done before frost has
blackened the vines. The seed potatoes
should be placed in the storage house
separate from other potatoes.
Dipping Seed. In the spring at bed
ding time the seed potatoes should be
dipped for 5 to 10 minutes In a solution
of corrosive sublimate, made by dis
solving one ounce In eight gallons of
water. The solution should be placed
in a wooden container, such as a keg
or barrel, and the potatoes may be
dipped by using a burlap sack or a wire
basket. After dipping the potatoes
should be rinsed in clean water and al
lowed to dry before being bedded. This
dipping will not kill the fungi that may
lie in the potatoes, but it will destroy
all spores on the surface.
Preparation of the Hotbed. The use
of the sa;ie hotbed year after year is
probably one of the chief ways of
spreading stem rot. In localities where
the disease is prevalent the soil in the
hotbed should be changed every year,
and the framework of the bed and
surrounding ground should be thor
oughly soaked with a solution of one
pint of formalin to thirty gallons of
water or a solution of one pound of
copper sulphate to twenty-five gallons
of water.
New soil or sand for the hotbed
should be procured from a field where
potatoes have never been grown. As
ric lirt Is not ncuvv-uiry for the bed,
sarl may be procured from a sand bank
and thus danger of Infection consider
ably lessened. The same wagon or
tools used In hauling away infected dirt
should not be used for hauling in new
sand, unless they have been disinfected
with a solution of formalin or copper
sulphate of the strength previously
mentioned.
In localities where sweet-potato dis
eases are prevalent fire-heated hotbeds
are preferable to .those heated by ma
nure on account of the chances that
the manure may have become infected.
Discarded diseased potatoes usually
find their way to the manure pile, and
If any diseased potatoes are left any
where about the farm, infected parts
may be carried around on the feet of
chickens i.nd other farm animal.
OF SWEET POTATOES
Crop Rotation. Healthy plants may
be grown by careful seed selection and
proper care in the preparation of the
hotbed, but if these plants are set In
soil that is infected with disease, much
of the effort toward control is wasted.
Sweet potatoes should be set in new
ground or ground upon which potatoes
have not been grown for several years.
It is not known how long the fungus of
stem rot will live in the soil in the ab
sence of sweet potatoes, but if they are
not planted oftener than once in four
years the fungus will undoubtedly be
greatly reduced.
Black Rot (Black Shank, Black Root).
F.lack rot is caused by the fungus
Sphaeronema fimbriatum and may oc
cur on any underground part of the
plant. On the potatoes the disease is
characterized by dark, slightly sunken,
more or less circular spots, while on
the stems It appears an small black
spots which soon enlarge uutll the
whole stfcm Is rotted off. On the po
tatoes the surface of the diseased spots
Is of a metallic luster and just under
neath the spots the tissue is green.
When cooked the potatoes are very bit
ter. Control. Black rot Is disseminated
in about the same general way as stem
rot, but unlike stem rot it spreads free
ly In the storage house If conditions
are favorable. The fungus may be
spread in the storage house by handling
the potatoes, by settling In the bins,
and by files and other Insects which
may carry the spores on their bodies..
The same methods of control used for
stem rot will control black rot, em
phasis being laid on preparation of the
hotbed, proper selection and handling
of seed, and crop rotation. Where
black rot is prevalent the potatoes aft
er being dipped should be picked over
carefully, and all that show suspicious
looking black spots should be discard
ed. Treating the fields with lime, sul
phur, etc., has no effect on the disease,
and dipping the plants In bordeaux
mixture or lime-sulphur mixture Is not
to be recommended.
Foot Rot (Die-Off).
This disease is caused by a fungus
called I'lenodomus destruens. The dis
ease first appears as small brown-to-black
spots on the stem of the plant
near tho, soil line. These spots spread
very slowly, but eventually girdle the
plant and extend 4 or 5 Inches up the
stem.
Control. Foot rot is distributed in
the same manner as stem rot and black
rot, but unlike black rot it does not
cause heavy damage in the storage
house. Proper seed selection, care In
preparing the hotbed, and crop rotation
will aid In controlling foot the same as
stem rot and black rot.
Scurf (Soil Stain, Rust, Jersey Mark).
This Is a disease caused by the
fungus Monilochaetes infuscans and Is
characterized by a brown discoloration
of the surface of the underground parts
of the plant. The discolored areas may
be spots of varying size and shape, or
there may be a uniform discoloration
of the entire surface of the potato.
Control. The fungus lives through
the winter on potatoes in storage and
on decayed vines left In the field. If
Infected potatoes are used for seed, the
fungus grows from them onto the
plants anil is carried to the field. No
injury is caused to the plants in the
bed or in the field, but the growth fol
lows down from the stem of the plant
to the potatoes. Dipping the seed as
for stem rot will destroy all spores that
may be on the surface of the potatoes.
Deep, clean cultivation, crop rotation,
and the selection of disease-free seed
potatoes will aid in controlling scurf.
Soft Rot.
Soft rot Is caused by a mold known
as Ithizopus nigricans, and this fungus
is one of the most destructive diseases
in the storage house. The fungus en
ters at one end of the potato and grows
rapidly. With a high temperature and
a relative high humidity a few days are
sufficient to destroy the entire potato.
The potatoes become soft, watery and
stringy at first, but as the moisture in
the roots evaporates they become hard
and brittle. When the skin is ruptured
while the potato is soft a moldy growth
appears on the surface. The spores of
the fungus may be spread by handling
the potatoes, or they may be carried
about the storage house b flies and in
sects. Control. Careful handling of the po
tatoes when stored, so as to avoid
bruises, and proper management of the
storage house, as recommended undei
"Storage." will aid In aontrolllcj soft
rot
MRS. KIESO SICK
SEVEN MONTHS
Restored to Health by Lydia E.
Pinkham's Vegetable Compound.
Aurora. Ill.i-"For seven long months
I Buffered from a female trouble, with
severe pains in my
back and aides until
I became bo weak I
could hardly walk
from chair to chair,
and got so nervous
I would jump at the
slightest noise. I
was entirely unfit
to do my house
work, I was giving '
up hope of ever be- f
ing well, when my
sister asktd me to
try Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com
pound. I took six bottles and today I
am a healthy woman able to do my own
housework. I wish every Buffering
woman would try "Lydia E. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound, and find out for
themselves how good it is." Mrs. Carl
A. Kieso, 596 North Ave., Aurora, 111.
The great number of unsolicited tes
timonials on file at the Pinkham Lab
oratory, many of which are from time
to time published by permission, are
Eroof of the value of Lydia E. Pink
am's Vegetable Compound, in the
treatment of female ills.
Every ailing woman in the United
States is cordially invited to write to
the Lydia E. Pinkham Medicine Co.
(confidential), Lynn, Mass., for special
advice. It is free, will bring you health
and may save your life.
SOME STRANGE INDIAN NAMES
That Red Men's Cognomens Retain Pic
turesqueness Is Shown by Those
Figuring in Recent Land Sale.
That Indian names still possess their
early strength and picturesqueness is
shown by the names that figured
prominently in the recent sale of In
dian lands in the( Standing liock reser
vation In North and South Dakota.
An Inspection of the list reveals
such names as Kate Good Crow, whose
nearest neighbor is Barney Two Bears.
Mary Yellow Fat adjoins Melda Crow
ghost, while Mrs. Crazy Walking, on
the southeast quarter of section 19,23
25, has probably reached the state In
dicated by her name by being In the
same section with Elk Ghost.
Mary Lean Dog rather envies Agatha
Big Shield, her aristocratic name. In
like manner, Jennie Dog Man and
Mary Shave Head may be all too will
ing to assume on short notice the he
roic name borne by Morris Thunder
shield, heir apparent to Long Step
Thundershield. .
Mrs. Did Not Butche?, judging from
her name, is in no condition to supply
the wants for her nearest neighbor,
Mrs. Frosted Red Fish, who lives on a
half section, not far from Helen Diffi
cult. And on festal days there gather
such notables as Francis Many Horses,
Joseph Shoot the Bear, Mrs. Stanton
Grindstone, Mrs. No Two Horns, Plus
Broguth, Good Voice Elk, See the
Bear, Married to Santee, Her Holy
Road, Tiberius Many Wounds, Pius
Shoot First and Shave on One Side.
Whitewash.
Mayor Hosey sat at a dinner In
Fort Wayne beside a pretty girl.
"Oh, Mayor Hosey," she said. "I
saw such a good film play last week
'The Man Who Failed.' You certainly
must take It In."
Mayor Hosey frowned.
"Humph," he said. "They're always
screening failures."
Two Spendthrifts.
Mary I spend as much as you do.
Alices Perhaps, but I have less to
show for the money. Life.
Both weddings and funerals admit
men to the silent majority.
Instant
Postum
A table drink that
has taken the
place of coffee
in thousands of
American homes.
"There's a Reason"
Instant postum
Delightful flavor
Rich aroma
Healthful
Economical
Sold by grocers everywhere.
Iipapj 1