LICE ARE HARMFUL
Cause Hens to Appear Drowsy
and Unthrifty--Stop Eggs.
REGULAR DUSTING IS URGED
Powder Composed of Gasoline, Crude
Carbolic Acid and Plaster Paris
Is Recommended Dipping Is
Also Favored.
(By II. C. KNANDEL, Pennsylvania
State College.)
Most fowls are afflicted with lice.
While a few may not Injure the bird,
great number may cause constant Ir
ritation and possible death. This con
stant irritation causes the bird to ap
pear drowsy and unthrifty, and later
to stop producing.
Lice may be readily found where
bodily temperature is wannest, under
the wings and ntar the vent. On
young chicks the lice may appear first
on the head, causing it to become
bold. Prompt treatment of such caes
with vnsolini' and lard prevent spread
ing of the lice.
Fowls siiuiiM be dusted regularly to
prevent lice from obtaining a foot
hold. Holding the bird in the left
hand, by the legs, head downward,
opens the feathers more or less, so
that the powder sifts through them
easily.
Dust .Thoroughly.
Dust the bird thoroughly and wcrk
the powder well into the feathers by
rubbing, especially under the wings
and around the neck of the vent. If a
cloth Is placed under the bird to be
dusted, one can easily collect and use
a second time powder that would oth
erwise be host.
A good lice powder Is composed of
three pints of gasoline. to one pint
crude carbolic acid, to which is added
about eight parts plaster paris. The
plaster paris should be poured In
slowly and thoroughly mixed until
enough plaster has been added to form
dry brownish powder. Gasoline Is
HINTS ON HATCHING
t r?
PIGEON COOPS ON GOVERNMENT FARM, BELTSVILLE, MD.
(By A. R. LEE, United States Department
of Agriculture.)
The hen pigeon usually lays two
eggs in three days before she starts
to sit. If more than two eggs are laid
It Is advisable to remove the extra
ones, as a pair of pigeons can raise
only two good squabs at one time. The
period of incubation of pigeon eggs is
about seventeen days. Both the male
and female pigeon sit on the eges, the
male usually relieving the female dur
lag part or most of the day. Pigeon
eggs are usually fertile if the pigeons
are healthy and properly fed, espe
cially when they have free range. One
sqtiab (usually the male) frequently
hatches first, and where there are sev
eral cases where one squab outgrows
lis nest mate, It may be advisable to
sort the squabs in the nests, making
the pairs as uniform as possible in
Hlzo and age. They should usually be
changed in the nest, however, before
they are ten days old, ut which time
their parents stop feeding them ou
pigeon milk.
Fed by Parents.
Squabs are reared and fed by both
of the parent birds on a thick, creamy
mixture called pigeon miik, produced
la the crop of the pigeons. It is very
essential that the pigeons have a plen
tiful supply of grain while they are
rearing squabs If rapid growth of the
young is to be secured. Pigeons usu
ally feed the squabs shortly after they
themselves are fed and should not be
Jisturbed at that time, thus making
it advisable to water them before they
Lie fed. Care should always be taken
not to frighten or disturb pigeons or
quabs any more than Is absolutely
necessary. If the parent birds die the
srjuabs ntajr sometimes be removed to
. nest where there is only one squab,
or they may be fed artificially, al
though this process takes considerable
ttaie.
A variety of good, hard grains Is es
very Inflammable, hence It should be
kept away from the fire.
Fowls may als. be freed from lfce
by dipping them in a five per cent solu
tion of creolin, or zenolemn. Care
should be exercised to protect the fowl
from taking cold after dipping. Dip
ping is not used very extensively. Blue
ointment is frequently recommended
as a remedy for lice. A piece the size
of a garden pea should be thoroughly
rubbed Into the bird, around and under
the vent.
Several Applications Needed.
Several applications of any remedy
are necessary to kill the young lice as
hatched. Birds should be dusted two
or three times during the sunnier at
intervals of a week.
Not only should the hens be well
treated, but the hen house the home
of the hen should have a thorough
housecleanlng. Droppings should be
removed at least once a week. The
nests and roosts should be sprayed
often with such coal tar disinfectants
as carboleuium or zenoleum to Insure
cleanliness.
Do not allow little chicks to occupy
disinfected coops for at least 24 hours.
The fumes arising from the applica
tion of these coal tar products will
kill the young chicks, but will not be
sufficiently strong to Injure the old
hens.
ENEMIES OF POULTRY FLOCK
Imperative That Steps Be Taken to
Guard Against Attacks of Rats,
Weasels and Minks.
Since the removal of timber from
most of the country, hawks are no
longer bad about the poultry yards. It
is against rats, weasels and minks that
great care must still be taken. If
there Is a possibility of a chance, by
poor walls and bad foundations, these
enemies of fowls will dig under or
gnaw Into the houses and coops.
If the houses or outside coops are
made of good lumber, and set on con
crete foundations and floors, and the
doors made to shut tight, the poultry
housed In them is quite secure. It is
an easy matter and not expensive, to
employ concrete for all foundations
and floors.
AND REARING SQUABS
sential to success, and grains which
are in poor condition should not be
fed. Old grains which are hard are
better than new soft grains, especially
for pigeons with squabs. Good wheat
screenings are often fed with success.
Clear drinking water, grit, broken
oyster shell and charcoal should be
kept before the pigeons all the time.
Salt is fed in various forms, and a
supply of this material is generally
considered essential. Salt may be fed
In a lump form, such as rock salt or
line salt moistened and baked Into a
hard lump, without danger of the
pigeons eating too much.
Pans of water should be provided
daily except during the winter. They
should be used only about twic a
week during the winter.
Age for Marketing.
Squabs are fed by their parents
until they are marketed, which Is usu
ally at from three and a half to four
and a half weeks of age. They must
be sold about this age, as the period
during which they are ready for mar
ket rarely exceeds one week. Squabs
are In good market condition when ful
ly feathered under the wings, which is
usually about the time, they begin to
leave their nests, and If not killed at
this time they soon lose their baby fat
and their flesh begins to get hard.
Catch the squabs to be marketed
m the morning before they are fed by
their parents, so that their crops will
be empty. Squabs are usually killed
In the same manner as poultry by cut
ting the arteries In the back part of
the roof of the mouth and p'erclng the
brain, but if sent to market without
plucking they are usually killed by
wringing or breaking the neck. The
latter Is done by pressing the thumb
against the place where the bones cf
the neck join the head, until the head
is dislocated. In sticking, the squabs
are hung by their legs' on nail 3 of
hooks, with their wings double-locked.
, . ' 1 21
MAKING SUCCESS WITH LARGE BUSINESS
' -
ti i ..
H L- 1 , ;
L L" Urri . - !
flx, ASi '
ANY FARM NEEDS SILO AND GOOD BARN.
(By O. K. JOHNSON. Missouri Agricul
tural Experiment Station.)
A profitable fa rid business must lie
n good-sized business. A good-sized
business does not always mean a large
number of acres although it usually
does. P.y good-sized business Is not
meant farms of two or three thousand
acres. A good-sized farm in Missouri
need not be more than -100 acres. Some'
businesses on much smaller farms are
big enough for satisfactory profit.
A man on a good-sized farm can
make a profit more easily than a man
on a small farm. lie can employ men,
horses, and tools more efficiently, cnn
follow a good cropping system more
easily, and can have more lines of
work so that his risk of loss Is less. A
more regular supply of labor "and bet
ter distribution of capital is possible.
These are some of the reasons for the
larger business.
Size of Business.
The number of acres operated is not
the only measure of size of business.
The man with too heavy a capital in
vestment may think he has a large
business when in reality it Is very
ii;iall. The investment of the average
farm of a region is the safest guide
for that community. - A man with a
large number of acres and not enough
capital to operate them is much worse
off than if he had fewer acres and
FATTEN TURKEY FOR MARKET
Poultry Husbandman of Texas College
Tells of Mistakes Made in
"Finishing Young Birds.
Some at I cut ion should be given to
the condition of the birds when tur
keys are marketed. Those who have
had experience in finishing the birds
know what it means 1o have them
prime condition. Prof. V. W. Kas
meier. poultry husbandman of the
Texas A. & M. college, explains:
Many young turkeys are hurried to
the market just about the lime that
they make the greatest gain. This is
a losing practice for the grower. In
spite of the fact that feed is high, the
first five or six pounds of a turkey's
weight are the most expensive to pro
duce. It certainly Is not good busi
ness to sell the young turkeys while
they are still "pinny." Keep tlieni a
few weeks longer and feed them well.
This year turkey raisers will again
be tempted to sell their early hatched
turkeys and keep late hatched speci
mens for breeding purposes. This is
a very serious mistake. Keep the early
hatched turkeys and u few of the most
vigorous early hatched toms for breed
ing next year.
Last spring turkey raisers were un
able to supply the demand for eggs
for hatching and breeding stock. The
same condition will exist this year.
Be prepared for It.
COTTONSEED MEAL FOR FEED
It Being So Highly Concentrated It
Must Be Fed With Discretion
Ration for Cows.
While cottonseed meal Is ihe cheap
est cattle feed on the market, It. Is so
concentrated that It. must be fed with
discretion. The Hiiimal can digest
only so much of it; and. furthermore,
feeding It to excess may be detrimental
to the cow.
Sis pounds of cottonseed meal may
be considered the most that can be
wisely fed a cow per day, and four
pounds will generally he a much
safer amount. What additional con
centrates may be needed can consist
of one or more grain products.
PEAVINE HAY EASILY CURED
By Making Stacks of Small Diameter
Around Poles Vines Can Be
Stacked Behind Mower.
Pea vine bay is euidly cured, cither
on rac ks or stacked around poles while
wtlU green. Hy making stacks of small
diameter around pole, pea vines can
be stacked rUM behind the mower.
Handled in this way tlx- bay has a
bright green color, and practically all
the leaves, the most nutrition1 part of
the hfy. Is saved
enough capital to handle them effi
ciently. Every acre must be farmed
enough, but not too much.
Another factor which may limit the
the size of business is the productivi
ty of the land. The men on farms of
average productivity and up to one
fifth more than average are the for
tunate ones. The man with less than
average yields or more than one-fifth
better than average yields finds it
harder to make a success of Ids busi
ness. With less than average yields
he gets no profit from crop produc
tion; with more than one-fifth better
than average yields he is usuaTy pay
ing more than the Increased yield is
worth to get that yield.
System of Farming.
Another factor of importance which
limits size of business is the system of
farming which the man Is following.
In extensive farming regions like most
of Missouri a man cnn put too much
labor on an acre of ground or be can
put too little labor on that acre. A
'JOO-aere farm may readily be no more
efficient than a 100-acre farm because
the man on the 200-acre farm does not
fa nn the land, while the man on the
100-acre farm farms it right. The farm
ing system which furnishes 2 to 2..'i
days of productive labor per acre was
found to be the best In the Johnson
county, Missouri, region.
ATTENTION TO COTTON SEED
Big Waste of Transportation and I iss
by Wear and Tear on Machine
in Handling Dirt.
(From the United State-s Department of
Agriculture.)
An enormous amount of useless dirt
and foreign matter annually Is pur
chased and handled with cotton seed,
according to Investigations conducted
by the United States department of ag
riculture. This trash wastes trans
portation, causes loss by wear on clean
ing machinery, and results often in
damaged seed and a lower quality of
cotton seed products.
To save these wastes and losses pro
ducers, gi nners, and oil mills are urged
to take the following measures, which
it is believed will be of mutual .advan
tage and of benefit to the entire coun
try. Cotton producers will help by bring
ing the xmginned cotton as dry and
clean as possible to the gin. The gln
ners will aid by so equipping and ad
justing his machinery as to make the
seed as clean as possible, and by keep
ing foreign matter from getting Into
the seed after It has been separated.
The oil-mill interests can encournge
producer ami glntier to market clean
seed of good quality by paying a com
paratively better price for good, clean,
dry seed than is offered for poor, dirty,
or damp products.
COURTESY ON COUNTRY ROAD
Teamsters and Automobile Drivers
Should Cultivate Spirit of Going
at Least Half Way.
There is a need of courtesy on the
country road. This applies both to
teamsters and to automobile drivers.
P.olh should cultivate the spirit of
give ami take of going at least half
way.
It is sometimes very annoying to
have to bring a car to a full stop or
to have to go Into low gear and run
along the side of a deep turnpike to
get past a wagon that could Just as
well have moved over to the other
side and left plenty of room. On the
other hand teamsters are often put
to a good deal of inconvenience by
being compelled to pull heavy loads
out of Ihe way to let machines pass
and many times this Is not ap
preciated. There is one positive danger which
auto drivers could minimize by taking
the trouble to dim their lights when
meeting teams or other machines on
narrow roads at night. Dazzling
headlights have blinded many a
driver before now, and have caused
team or machine to run over an em
bankment or Into a ditch.
Let us promote both safety and
general good feeling by cultivating
courtesy on the country road.
llilnWllk,,. ,W W.'iyW,H..,WWH'!l i M II
QUIETNESS OF GREAT VALUE
Something That Should Be Insisted
Upon and Rigidly Enforced Among .
the Dairy Herds.
The value of quietness among the
dairy herds is something that should
be Insisted upon and rigidly enforced.
The intruding hunter is fast being
kept out by signs to that effect; but
even then one or two sometimes
get in when no one is looking. A cow
! usually hates a dog, and her hate Is
even increased when the dog is noisy
or runs at her. She may not get over
the agitation for a day or two, and in
Contented Members of Herd.
the meantime the disturbance shows
its effect In the milk supply. If the
manager of a herd has nothing to offer
In the way of kindness or love to his
animals he can do infinite harm. He
may apparently lose control of himself
at times and feel justified in delivering
severe beatings; but such actions are
not good as an excuse. Forbid any
kicks in the bellies or any striking
over the rumps or backs with clubs.
Cases are on record of serious harm
being done to cattle by those who do
not take some forethought on how to
manage with reason.
CALVES ON SEPARATOR MILK
Poor Practice to Pour Liquid Into Dir
ty Trough and Let Animals
Drink Their Fill.
If we are ready to admit that a
cow's milk Is too good for a cow's
calf and that It is economically profit
able to rob the future cow for the"
sake of present gains, then It is quite
necessary to know how to raise calves
on separator milk or other artificial
j and unnatural foods, says a writer.
I The usual practice is to pour sepa
rator milk, sometimes cold, into a
large trough which is never cleaned,
and allow the calves to drink until
they are satisfied. This method means
I potbellied, runty calves, that never
j make the growth they should, even
though they fortunately escape the
ravages of Indigestion.
COW RELISHES ROUGH FEEDS
-'Animal Possessed of Large, Roomy Di
gestive Tract That Is Built for
Handling Bulky Feed.
Unlike the hog, the cow has a large
roomy digestive tract that is built for
the handling of rough feeds. The cow
digests her feed to best advantage
when her ration is bulky, as the bulky
parts of the feed keep the small par
ticles of grain apart and thus allow
them to be thoroughly acted on by the
digestive Juices. The hay and silage
should not constitute all the bulk of
the ration, as part of it can profitably
be supplied by such feeds as corn and
cob meal, ground oats, wheat bran and
distillers' dried grains. Iowa Circular
34.
RINGING SELF-SUCKING COW
One Plan Is to Put Brass Ring in An
imal's Nose Gets Ring Instead
of Her Teat.
A number of methods of preventing
a cow from sucking herself have been
suggested, among them being the one
of putting a brass ring in the cow's
nose large enough that when she opens
ner mouth to take hold of the teat
she will get the ring. If a large ring
Is used two Small ones can be linked
Into the one that goes in the nose
which will answer the same purpose.
FARMER WHO WILL SUCCEEO
Profit Over High Cost of Labor and
Feed for Meat, Milk, Dairy and
Poultry Products.
Advancing prices for meat, milk,
dairy and poultry products will bring
a profit over the high cost f feed and
labor, and the farmer who has kept a
good stock of breeding animals Is pret
ty sure to receive handsome returns.
iFYOUOWSAlimEFIElD
FOB THE IAHDS SAKE
(HEAIIIirWEUTOKAKtinfllW
Z2
We will send on request. 1 School
Officer's Special November Price List.
2 Teacher's Supply & Premium List
Murray Sell. Sup. Co..P.irmIngham,Ala.
Harmony.
"What swagger yon fellow Is walk
ing with."
"That's to match his stick."
NEVER HAD A CHII.T,
Afler Taking ELIXIR BABEK
'My little daughter, 10 years old. suffered
nemly a year with chill and fever, most of th
time under trie doctor's cave. I was diacoui
acred aud a friend advined me to try Elixir
lfatt"k. I gave it to her and she ban never had
a chill since. It completely cured her." Mrs.
Cyrus Helmn, 302 E St., N. E., Washington, D. Q.
ICIlxir I Ialek 50 cents, all drugrgUts or by -Parcel
Post prepaid from Kloczewskl A Oo.,
Washington, D. C.
A Near-Membership.
"Does he come under the head of
organized labor?"
"Well, he plays for a church choir."
OLD PRESCRIPTION
FOR WEAK KIDNEYS
A medicinal preparation like Dr. Kil
mer's Swamp-Root, that has real curative
value almost sells itself. Like an endless
chain system the remedy is recommended
by those who have been benefited to those
who are in need of it.
Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root is a physi
cian's prescription. It has been - tested
for years and has brought results to count
less numbers who have suffered.
The success of Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root
is due to the fact that it fulfills almost ev
ery wish in overcoming kidney, liver and
bladder diseases, corrects urinary troubles
and neutralizes the uric acid which causes
rheumatism. , - -
Do not suffer. Get a bottle of Swamp
Root from any druggist now. Start treat
ment today.
However, if you wish first to test this
great preparation send ten cents to Dr.
Kilmer & Co., Hinghamton, N. Y., for a
eamplu bottle. When writing be sure and
mention this paper. Adv.
Magnetism in the Wilds.-
Fish stories are supposed to be
unique as stretchers of the Imagina
tion, but none beats the story told by
a member of the licit ish commission
to the United States.
It seems that one of his acquaint
ances a traveler of some note had
sold a farm to an Irishman, and the
latter was complaining because there
were no birds about the place.
"Set some trops," suggested the for
mer owner, "and they will come."
"Shure nn will they come thin?"
"Yes, I was once in Africa, and
there wasn't a woman, I had been told,
within 200 miles. I wanted one to
cook and keep house. So I hung a
pair of earrings, a bracelet, and some
sundry buttons on a tree, and the next
morning I found five applicants under
the branches."
Treatment of Paretics.
As a result of two and a half years
of treating paretics in the New Jersey
State hospital with salvarsan, neosab
varsan and albuminate of mercury In
jected Into the spinal cord, Drs. Brlth
ton I. Evans and Frederic H. Thorn
report to the Medical Journal that this
method has little or no value.
Only an optimist can suffer from In
somnia and feel glad It Isn't a tooth
ache that Is keeping him awake.
The only way to crush an egotist la
to pay no attention to him.
There's
Superior
Flavor
as a table beverage.
A package from
the grocer is well
worth a trial, in place
of coffee especially
When Coffee Disagrees!
www
POSTUM