J- 'V ..i ? ?
1? Prof. Arthur' B. iVmb, director1 of Harvard chemical laboratory, who hag discovered a new catalytic \tfblch
'.will bring about \he permanent union of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms and will yield 14 per cept of ammonja. 2
. ? >ybl?ky in tlnfoll-wrapped bottles nnd handsome case peddled by California bootleeeers. H ? Aiminno ?i?"
--^hlgky in tin toll -wrapped bottles and handsome case peddled by California bootleggers. 8? Airplane view of
?'v.:', . : at the Muscle Shoals project, the dlsposlUon of which Is before congress.
EjftSM
Daugherty's Resignation Is
Expected, Following New
Corruption Charges.
. ?.. .
) By EDWARD W. PICKARD
TP HARRY DATJGHERTY Is still at
* torney general of the United States
when this reaches the reader the ex
pert prognostlcators ,,tn Washington
are badly st fault Last Thursday
they predicted hla resignation from
the cabinet would he In the hands of
the President by the end of thfe week;
and that It would take effect on Mon
day, the day when Secretary of the
Navy Denby was fp step out of office,
^fr, Duuglierty went to Florida for n
BSAWay of' two Weeks, but was summoned
back to Washington,, arriving Friday.
Already the President had changed his
nilnri about asking the attorney gen
eral to retire, according fo reports, nnd
was considering his successor Those
said to htve' been approached .Included
Senator Borah of Idaho, Jndge Wil
liam 8. Kenyoto of -the Federal Court
of Appeals, Federal Judge Frank S.
Ctetrich :'of Idaho and Curtfc D. Wil
bur, a Supreme, court Judge at CaHfor
l corruption to the ledehO : grand
jury in Chicago that Indicted Qharles
It Forbes; former director of the vet
erans' bureau. These were not related,
to the Forbes case, so thie Information
v was carried to Wiashtngton by a spe
cial prosecutor. 8ome of U seriously
Involves the Department of Justice, re
lating to procurement of pardons 'for
j." - ^federal prisoners. This Is only-a,part
of thp muff-Ai* tk?? ?? ? " ? *
of the matters that will: be Investigat
ed by y?e senate committee named 'to
handle the charges against Dougherty.
The committee is made, up' of Senators'
Brookhart ,of Iowa, chairman; Mostfs
of New Hampshire, Jones of Washlng
ton, Ashurst of Arizona and' Wheeler
Department of Justice evidence
was no*' the moat sensational carried
to Washington from Chicago, how
ever. Charges of wholesale corruption
and graft during the Harding admin
istration weirs made against certain
persons known ss "the Ohio' crowd,"
and rwo members of the house of rep-,
resents tlvss, as yet not publicly
named, are directly accused of having
collected between $1BO.OOQ and *200,
000 In two or three years from federal
prisoners and their friends as payment
for pardons, paroles, commutations
? and ether forms of clemency, if the
?charge* suMtaatlated. these con
? ?r gressmen face expulsion from the
houa* oa4 also Indictment for u penal
offense. As soon as Special Pccfeecutor
Crim reported . In Washington. Presl
dent Coolldge directed the Department
of Justice to take Immediate step* to
ward the prosecution of the {wo rep
resentatives. The liottse- was asked to
investigate' the mstter by Representa
tive Gart^tt of Tennessee." ?
Whether officials of the Department
of Justice were In collusion with the
members of congress who received
payments for dispensation of clemency
IK!:.' Is not dear. One official, closely - Iden
tified with the Harding administra
tion who was sctlve In obtaining
clomency In cases In Which the mem
of congress were interested. Is
add to have bees their dupe.
npHOSK telegrams. that passed bo
s' tween Washington and E. B. Me
Lm* In Florida apd the persons that
Ipuidtad them occupied much: time of
jjV* the senate etl lease committee last
week. A code erpett of the sfmy slg*
\*! nal corps translated the messages that
were in cipher and Mrs. Duckstetn. an
operative of the bureau of tnveetlca
. tloo in the Department of Justice, ad
mitted sending the telegram warning
McLean that the committee was on
hla trail. She said the code she used
'?as obsolete. Wllllsm J. Burns, chief
V" ' of the bureso, testified thst McLenn
5*V, was a "dollar-a-yesr" operative and
that the message wss sent <o lilm In
the hope that he wonld reslcn that po
sition. More Interesting was this tele
gram sent to McLean h.v Ira Bennett,
editorial writer on the Washington
Posts "SAw principal. Delivered mes
sage. He says greatly appreciates
and sends regards to you and Mrs.
McJ-ebn. There will be no rocking of
boat and no resignations. He expects
reaction .from unwarranted political
attacks."
Senator Heflln of Alabama read this
to th6 'senate and -ventured the opin
ion that '"principal" meant President'
Coolldge. He therefore asked that the
committee call on Mr. Bennett to ex
plain just wt>at the message meant
nnd who It was that he 'saw. Senator
Caraway also talked about that .met
sage^nd told the Senate: 'Td like the
President to, say whether or not he en
tered Into communication with, "Mc
Lean In Florida. On6- hundred; million
people would like to know." / Some of
hls'olluslons to Mr. Coolldge were un
dignified and in wretched taste.
Caraway's question was answered
Thursday when two telegrams from
President Coortdge to McLean were
read to. the committee. They sotinded
Innocuous and Mr. Coojidge explained
In a statement that' the first related
to the district commlssionershlp and
the second was In regard to a roe ss ape
from McLean congratulating the Pres
ident on his statement concerning the
demand for Denby's resignation. ?
The President . nominated Samuel
Knight , of San Francisco 5 as special
.counsel to .take charge of the govern
ment's suit to oust the Standard Oil
company from navil reserve No. 1 In
California. ' Senator Walsh ' told the
senate. committee that he had learned
Mr. Knight had acted as attorney , for
the Equitable Trust ' company of Cali
fornia, a Rockefeller .institution, nnd
indicated that for this reason he would
Oppose, hu confirmation. .
nEPBE,tHBMTATI'VE LONG
-*>? WORTH'S compromise tax blir
letting the maximum surtax rote at
37% par cent wen in the house, the in
surgent Republicans falling into line.1
But what the senate will do with the
measure ' is a question. President
Coolldge let it be known that he still
wan|s the Mellon bill passed and It Is
believed the senate finance committee'
might be- persuaded to report It as a
substitute for the measure passed by
the house. But Senators Watson and
Moses have Informed' the .President
that the 25 per cent surtax would not:
be. approved on' the floor of the senate
and that the figure probably would be
boosted to 87% per cent, or perhaps
as high as 40 per cent.
'?pHERE appeared In the house last
"?"?^'week a strong sentiment In favor
of: a soldiers' bonus bill providing for
a cash bonus or Issuance of an endow
ment Insurance policy, at the option
of the beneficiary. The ways and
means committee Completed the hear
ings on bonus legislation, during which
charges were made that concerns with
which' Secretary Mellon and Secretary
Weeks are connected have been con
tributing funds to the anti-bonus cam
paign. Senator Caraway already had
written ' Secretary Mellon about that
story, and the latter replied that he
has * never authorized or co-operated
with) any person "In raising any fund
whatever that had for Its purpose any
propaganda" against the bonus meas
ure. nor any other measure that lias
been before congress during the- time'
that Mr. Mellon has occupied his pres
ent office.
SENATOR HIRAM JOHNSON la
rued n statement early In the week
to the effect that the Coolldge "cam
paign managers knew they were
beaten In all direct primary states
where the voters have a free voice In
the selection of delegates and that,
consequently, they were resorting to
petty tricks to defeat the Johnson can
didacy. On Tuesday the Republicans
of lows met In convention, cbOM their
29 delegates to the national conven
tion and Instructed them for Coolldge.
On Wednesday the Republican county
conventions of Minnesota were held
and In a majority of them Ccolidge
was Indorsed for the nomination, mak
ing It virtually certain that the state's
delegation at Cleveland will be In
structed for him. The lark of oppniil
tlon to Coolldge from radical sources
In these two states, nnd the withdrawal
of IjiFollette from the primary con
| tests In several Northwestern stnteK.
! were looked opon by some politicians
j as Indications of the probnhle forma
I tlon of a third party. LaF'ollette says
his refusal to be n candidate for tho
Republican nomination Is due to hts
feeling that his present duty Uos In
the senate, .and also to hts certainty
that In the. Clevelond( convention "the
steam-roller will be operated by the
same forces th^t controlled It In 1012
and other years.",
Mr. McAdoo replied to ? Senator
Read's attack on him with a letter In
which he fiercely denounced the sena
tor, setting forth the Mlssourlan's
rather unenviable political record and
asserting that Reed had resorted to
"the most glaring disregard for. the
truth" because UcA'doo would not stay
opt of the Missouri primary contest.
pi^TY-KIGHT members of the house
" of representatives ? 35 Democrats,
22 Republicans, and 1 Socialist (Ber
ger) ? have united In an effort to have
the Volstead law so amended as "to
permit the- manufacture nnd sale of
beer, wines and cider containing not to
exceed 2.76 per ctent alcohol. They
Introduced a bill to that effect
Archbishops Patrick j.
HATES of New York and George
W. Mundeleln of Chicago sailed for
Rome on Saturday, having been sum
moned suddenly to the Vatican, and
It tvas announced that they would be
elevated to the cardtnalate .at a con
sistory to be held March 24. They
will be the first native-born Americans
to hold such high office In the Roman
Catholic church. ,
'T"*HE\ Filipino independence mission.
which has been active rln Wash
ington for some time, was dealt a sad
blow last week by a' letter from Presi
dent Coolldge to Manuel Roxas, head
of the group of natives. The Presi
dent covered every angle of the con
troversy. nnd declared flatly thmt be
did not; think. -the islanders, were yet
ready for Independence. He based his
opinion on the danger to the Filipino
people of economic or political disor
ders, perhaps even amounting to dis
aster, in event of withdrawal of Amer
ican support and protection; on the
inability of the .Filipino people at
present to maintain {he financial bur
den that would be Imposed by politi
cal, Independence, and on the lack of
political capacity necessary to the peo
ple of a minor nation assuming the
full responsibility of maintaining It
self in the family of nations.
The President asserted the com
plaints against General Wood were
unjustified and that the governor gen
eral was "a hard-working, painstaking
and conscientious administrator."
ALL who deserted from the -army or
navy between AraUstico day, No
vember 11, 1918, arid the' formal end
ing of the World war have been grant
ed amnesty and restoration of citizen
ship by the President, who followed
the advice of Secretaries Weeks and
Denby In the matter. This does not
Include Grove^ Cleveland Bergdoll.
ACCEPTING the statement of the
German government that practi
cally all the treaty requirements con
cerning disarmament and demobiliza
tion have been carried out, the allied
council of ambassadors has decided
that allied military control of Ger
many shall be abandoned and n modi
fled system of supervision of German
armaments substituted This Is In ac
cordance with the suggestion of Prime
Mtnlster MacDonnld.
March IB Is .now given as the date
for the submission of the report of the
Dawes committee of experts. It Is said
the committee will propose that Ger
many continue Its deliveries of ma
terials for..reparotlons, but that It will
not be asked to make any cash pay
ments for five year*. Of course It
would have to pay. the German Indus
trialists for the ptaterials delivered to
the allies.
SAN JOSE, the capital of Coeta Rica,
was half destroyed by the severest
earthquake that country has had In
23 years. The American legation was
badly damaged, but the minister and
his family escaped Injury.
THE Turkish national assembly has
abolished the caliphate ami <>?
posed the caltph, Abdul Medjid Kf. i
fen <11. wl.o left Constantinople fur
Switzerland. For the present the
I Mohammedan church Is without a su
preme head.
Map of Gulf Stroam and Other Atlantio Current*.
(Prepared by the National Qeographlo So
ciety. Washington, D. C.) f
It Is a seeming paradox tliat .the
1 world's greatest, and In many ways
most Important, "river" has no banks.
But the paradox disappears when the
Gulf stream Is Introduced as this
mightiest of terrestrial "rlvere."
Though It has no banks throughout
maet of Its course, Its margins are
ffclrly well defined ft r many hundreds
cf miles; and even where It BklrU,,the
Grand Banks of Newfoundland, nearly
2,0 W- miles frcm what Is generally
thought of as Its "source," i,ts edges
can be distinguished almost sharply
when crossed by a change In thecolor
of the waters.
. That the Gulf stream deserves to
rank as . perhaps the greatest of
streams can be seen from the stagger
ing volume of water which It carries
at a fairly rapid rate. In fact, some
who have studied it and other ocean
currents closely have called It "proba
bly the grandest and mcst mighty of
terrestrial phenomena." A calculation
of the kverage volume of water, passing
through' the 40-mlle-wIde Straits of
Florida ? where the Gulf stream comes
nearest to having "banks"? gives the
enormous sum of 90,000,000,000 'tons
each hour. If 'this one single hour's
?flow Op^Vater could be evaporated, the
remaining saltls would . make several
cargoes for all the ships of the world.
Even this tells but part of the story,
for the Gulf stream does not come
solely from the Gulf of Mexico. On<*
branch flows, northwestward outside
the West Indies and Joins the Gulf of
Mexico branch north of the Bahamas.'
The mqln Gulf stream, then, as It
flows along the coast of the Southern
states above Florida, probably moves
as uiuch as 180,000,000,000 tons of wa
ter an hour? a flew that utterly dwarfs
.that of all the world's Amazons and
Congos ,and Mississippi.
The Gulf stream has had a role In
world affairs, the Importance of which
Is seldom realized. For ages It has
helped In the scattering and evolution
of animal ^nd vegetable forms. It has
held the climate of much of northern
Europe in its moving waters. But for
Its beneficent work, as carrier of equa
torial heat to the northward a*nd east
ward England might have the climate
of Labrador, and Norway the bleakness
of Greenland. It has even had much to
do with the geological formation of
large areas of the ocesn's bottom by
determining the places cf sedimenta
tion.- Arid day by day It Is a factor In
the price of everything carried afloat
between Europe and America, as well
as In the safety of all who cross* the
Atlantic. . ? - \
Helptd to 8hape History.
The great current has had Its part,
too, In shaping the history of America,
Before the discovery of ' the New
World, qtrange- woods and' fruits were
found ob the shores of Europe and the <
off-lying Islands/ Some of these weie
seen und examined by Columbus, and
to hit thoughtful mind they were con
vincing evidence that strange lands ex
isted somewhere to ? the ? westward.
These objects were carried by the Gulf
stream and by the prevailing winds
from the American continent, so that
in part the stream laid the foundation
for Columbus' famous voyage. Once
under way, and sailing across the
southern rather than the northern pot
tlon of the Atlantic, Columbus had the
return flow of the great circular stream
to help carry him to the West Indies.
I'once de Leon, famous searcher for
the Fountain of Youth, discovered the
Gulf stream at the point where, con
stricted between Florida and the Ba
hamas, It flows most mightily. He tells
In his Journal how. In attempting to
sail southward along the Florida
coast, with a good wind behind, his
ships steadily lost ground because of a
mighty current flowing northward.
The division of the English colonies
Into New England and Virginia was
probably In part due to the routes by
which they were reached. Vessels
bound from England to New England
crossed the North Atlantic outside the
limit of the Golf stream, or In a feeble
adverse current. They had the advan
tage, too, of crossing the Newfound
land banks and of being able surely to
replenish their provisions by fishing.
This voyage, however, though advan
tageous to the New Englanders, situ
ated In the North, was not considered
practicable for vessels hound for the !
Southern colonies. They sailed south
to the trade-wind region, through the
Caribbean and around Cuba, thence
following the Gulf stream to their port.
The first teamen to become falrl*
familiar with the limits of the Gulf
stream between Europe and America
were the New England whalers, who
found their quarry only outside the
current's , warm waters. Benjamin
BYanklln heard of their experiences,
and also how the coasting vessels from
Boston to Charleston, 8. C., sometimes
would take three or four weeks to
make the southward voyage, but would
often accomplish the return trip In a
week. He found, tco, that English
packets with American malls were two
or three weeks longer og the voyage to .
America than in the reverse dlree
tlon. r ,
Named by Franklin.
Franklin suggested the name, "Gulf
stream," because It Issues from the
Gulf of Mexico. Although It Is only a
part of the grand scheme erf Atlantic
oceqn circulation, and though the Gulf
of Mexico Is In reality enly a sort 01!
way station for this part, the name Is
generally appjlpd to the current as It
was given by Franklin.
In the large funnel-shaped opening
between Cuba and the western extrem
ity of the Florida reefs the current Is
somewhat erratic, but by the. time Ha
vana Is reached It has become a rcgi*
lar and steady flow. As It rounds the
curve of the Florida shore the straits
contract and the current then practi
cally fills the banks from shore tc
shcre and reaches almost to the bot
tom, which at this point has a greatest
depth of nearly 8,000 feet.
As It leaves the Straits of Florida its
direction Is about nortli, t>ut It gradu
ally \changes and follows a course ap
proximately parallel to the curve of
100 fathoms depth until it arrives off
Cape Hatteras, ond maintains about
the same width aB when It Issued from
the Straits of Florida. Fr<)m this point
it starts on Its course to Europe. It
has lost something Irj velocity, as weTl
as temperature, and as it journeys to
the eastward It gradually diminishes
in both, until at last It becomes a gen
tle flow. 'f. " ? '???
On this part Its course It passe?
not far from the Grand Banks of New
foundland, where it is met almost at
right angles by the great Labrador cur
rent, bringing down from the Arctic
n stream of cold water, pack ice and
Icebergs. This floating ice, dumped
Into the Gulf stream, was the cause,
not mdny years ago, of the appalling
Titanic disaster.
When this cold current meets that of
the Gulf stream, of much higher tera-'
perature, the former underruns the
latter. The shallow-draft pack ice, bfc.
ing no longer under the Influence of
the polar current, Is carried to the
eastward by the warm Gulf stream cutw
rent and soon disappears, but the deep
draft bergs are still under the influ
ence of the lower current running
south, as well as of the surface current
running east, and so they continue on
until well Into the Gulf stream, some
times reachibg the thirty-ninth paral
lel, which is nearly 200 miles south. of
the southernmost point of the Grand
Banks.
? This lee, together with the fog
which usually accompanies the meet
ing of currents of considerable differ
ences in temperature, has compelled
steamship companies to make a detour
around the region of danger.
Congress early recognized the Impor
tance of learning everything possible
about the Gulf stream and authorized
the coast survey to make observations,
in the Straits of Florida It was found
that the greatest surface velocity was
about four miles an hour and that this
maximum was reached about eleven
miles from the Florldn shore. Even at
250 fathoms, or 1,500 feet, below the
surface the great stream was found to
be moving alcng at about a mile an
hour." At this point the stream la
about forty miles wide. (
Explained by Sel#ntl?t?.
Numerous theories have been ad
vanced \o account for the Gulf stream
and other ocean currents. But the
many observations of the coast survey
and the atudlex of the late Admiral
John Elliott Pillsbury ef the navy have
uhoul settled the matter In favor of
wind and wave. The trade winds are
the real parents of the Gulf stream.
Thodgh they vary somewhat In exact
direction ond In velocity, they blow
steadily, on the average. In the sam*
general direction in the west, year in
and year out. Their friction induces
! a current In the water !n the same dl
I rection. At first ? if one can Imagine
the beginning of the Gulf stream's
flow ? < nly the merest surface skim
was driven along with the wind. But
gradually the motion was communi
cated from layer to layer nntll at Inst
the movdmrtt extended to water hun
dreds of feet below the surface.
MUSTANG
LINIMENT
Doctors
Prescribe -J
Green's August Flower
The remedy with ? record of (ifty-MYM ,
years of surpaising excellence. All .
tof f er with aervou* dy&pep?l?, tour
ach, constipation, Indigestion, torpid liter,
dluinen, headache*, comlng-up of food,
wtad on stomach, palpitation and other
iddkatkma of digestive dkorder, wiliftad'
Gum August Flower an effecthw .
and efficient remedy, for ftfty-sevenyews
this medicine ha* been successfully used
InaHlion* of households allorer ttiedrU
Ued world. Became of it* merit and pop
ularity GutNl AUGUST Fiown can be
foond today wherever medicine* are *old.
30 and 9# cent bottles.
With cold* and influent* *11
too common juat now, It pay*
to talce regular preventive
measure* againat them.
Spray your note and throat
night and morning wltU
Zonite (direction* on the
bottle). Prevention U always
easier, better and leuexpen*
live than a cure.
KILLS GERMS
PalddbdiJbil?;
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Unless you remember initials
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