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DAIRY EDITION
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DAIRY EDITION
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VOLUME XLI.
FRANKLIN, N. C, FRIDAY, JULY 38, 1926
NUMBER THIRTY
J
4 . I
X
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(
POPULARITY AND
GUERNSEY
By W. W. FITZPATRiCK ;
CuerAVs were first introduted into
the UnitM States near Philadelphia
(...i iom ru -J. i i.t
uvui iotu. xncj wc iiui uivu&iu
411 any considerable - numbers, how
ever until the period from I860 to
,1880 A considerable number of farm
ers and gentlemen having country es
tates near Philadelphia beuame inter
ested in the breed and in 1887 a few
of them 'got together at Philadelphia
and organized the American Guern
sey Cattle Club, with the Wei of per
petuating and increasing interest in
the breed, and guaranteeing pedigrees
of the animals entered in their herd
book.. From that time the breed has
grown until at the' present time there
.are registered Guernseys in every
state in the Union, ( and in most of
the nations of the world.
For the last ten years the. popu
larity of the Guernsey bred has" ex
ceeded that of any other breed of
dairy cattle. ' This has , been shown
by the prices for Guernseys at auc
tion sales, and especially by the
unusual prices realized in the sale of
grade Guernseys at auction or pri
vate sale. This popularity is due to
the fact that Guernseys have proved
economic producers of milk and
WILL DAIRYING BE OVER-DONE IN
THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA?
By J. A. AREY, Dairy Extension
Specialist at N.' C. Staite. College.
As an occasional new creamery is
started in 4his State, the question of
'When Will the Dairy Business be
Over-Done?", often arises in the
minds of beginners. These people
rarely ever take the time to, determine
the presnt production or demand for
dairy products ; therefore a few fig
ures id, show the facts- in the case
may. be of interest ait this time.'
According to a study , made by the
.Federal Government, the peopje of
the United States ate butter at.' fche
-rate of 162,000,000 pounds each month
during 1925, or thirty-three million
pounds more per month than in 1920.
Butter consumption has been gain
ing year by year, showing the im
proved position of the dairy industry.
.The per capita consumption of butter
in the United States is now seventeen
pounds per year as against 15.5
in 1919. On a bsis of a butter com
isumption of seventeen pounds per
person, 42,200,000 " pounds would be
-re-quired to meet the; demand anually
of the population of North Carolina.
' According to ' statistics assenibled
by the Federal Government, around
.25,500,000 pounds of farm butter was
made in this State last year This
together with the 1,600,QOO pounds
manufactured by our sixteen cream
eries makes a total 'of 2.7,100,000 lbs.,
which is 17,100,000 short of the
amount needed annually if we North
Carolinians consume as much butter
as the average for the American citi
-fr THE VALUE OF
By R. O. , LAWHON, Agricultural
Agent, Southern Railway. .
' A great deal has1 been said and
" X "written with reference to the value of
utiing purebred sires. No, farmer ever
boasts that he uses scrub sires, and
.all, of them admit the value of pure
bred sires, yet in this country, we still
find a great majority of the farmers
tisirig scrub and grade sires. '
Reviewing briefly some of the ad
vantages arising from the use ' of
standard . bred sires, we, might first
put conformation and quality, pff
spring from pure bred sires are uni
formly good, while with scrub stock
, - 'there. are usually one or two good
( J 'one to eight or ten poor onos. With
beef cattle and hogs this means -more
.TWyi-fht at an earlier age. With dairy
cattle it. means a larger production of
. -milk j wkh poultry, more eggs. Next,
from a marketing standpoint the use
"of purebreds ; always insures the
largest returns. There is always a
market for a good grade or purebred
dairy cow or. heifer. A uniform load
of beef Cattle will always sell at a
, better priced than a mixed load of
, scrubs. By having purebred poultry
, the producer has the chanee of selling
either market eggs, hatching? eggs,
Jjaby chicks, or, purebred pullets and
' cockerels, whereas if the -flock is
.composed of grade fowls ' the only
product he could, sell would be 'mar
ket eggs and poultry. It is the same
way. with hoes. In every .community
jt if to 'soil purebred pigs, arid
' .-a i a . i. ...... i
Vkest and largest gains.
forcibly brought, out
VALUE OF THE
COW IN DAIRYING
butterfat of superior , quality; to the
splendid disposition, and easy hand
ling qualities of thevcows and the
bulls of the , breed ';, and to the un
usual yellow color and popular flavor
of Guernsey milk.
As a result of the increasing de
mand for Guernseys, prices for both
purebreds and grades have remained
at a high level and the prospects are
that it will be several years' before
the supply can catch' up with the de
mand. It is, . therefore, a good time
for beginners t.o get started as
Guernsey breeders. A farmer start
ing with Guernseys has one advan
tage not enjoyed by owners of cattle
of any other breed. This is the fact
that in the Guernsey breed one cow
out of every seven old "enough to have
been tested for the Advance Register
has made an official year's record of
milk and butterfat entitling her to
entry in the Advance Register of ithe
Guernsey breed. No other breed can
anywhere near approach this record.
The average for all Guernsey cows
tested for the Advance Register is
over 9600 pounds of milk and 483
pounds of . butter fat for the year's
production. ' No other breed can ap
proach this record or butter fat in a
year. .,
zen. In this respect North Carolina
is representative of 'the, majority of
the Southern States.
The demand for market milk in
this State is being supplied . by . local
producers, but a large quantity of
both milk arid sweet cream, for ice
cream making, is still being shipped
in from other states. There is one
ice cream company o.cated in eastern
North Carolina that imports annually
around 300,000 gallons of milk from
Virginia and Pennsylvania, which is
converted into ice cream and sold
locally. '
North Carolina, is a great cheese
cossuming state. . Last year 8,000,000
pounds was required to meet the de
mand of her people for iis product.
Of this quantity, only 80,000 pounds
was supplied by North Carolina
cheese factories.
Condensed milk' is another dairy
product which is being imported into
the State in large quantities. No
data is available on the quantity of
this material that is brought in an
nually, but it can be found in almost
every grocery store in our cities and
in .many of them in our small country
towns. This product should be manu
f astured profitably within the State
if milk was available in a sufficient
quantity.
From the above data it is very
evident that it will be some time be?
fore the production of dairy products
in this State will equal the demand,
therefore no one need fear for an
over production soon.
PURE - BRED SIRES
in the ton litter contest held in In
diana in which every liter that quali
fted was sired by a purebred boar.
The above are advantages from a
utiliy standpoint alone, that every
farmer appreciates. Realizing these
advantages, let's see why more farmers-do
not secure purebred especially
dairy sires.; Probably the greatest
reason given is cost and the average
person can hardly be blamed for hav
ing this idea. A lot of publicity is
given to 'purebred; sales and when a
farmer reads about this and that
animal selling for several thousand
dollars, he immediately gets the idea
of purebreds out of his mind, because
he knows that he cannot pay any
thing like that for a whole herd,
much less for a bull. Also in reading
about these sales he gets the idea in
his head that he must. have a bull
from -a dam "with large records, al
though he may only have a scrub or
grade herd. He thinks that he had
better save up his money until he can
buy such a bull. This is a thought
that every dairy farmer should get
out of his mind. 'If you are using a
grade sire because you think you can
not afford one of the very best pure
bred bulls, dismiss the thought. ' Find
the best purebred, bull that you can
afford and. secure him. The average
purebred bull born in a good breed
er's herd .is- more to be desired tan
the best scrubUha is in -existence, ft1
dos not take a man who begins using
a purebred sire long, to' realize' the
folly of using scrubs. With - each
succeeding generation as he builds up
his herd he will "choose a better pure
bred sire The day will come, when J
PLAN GIGANTIC
CipBRATION
Opening of Asheville-Frank-lin-Atlanta
Highway to be
Celebrated Plan Biggest
Affair in History. r:
Sometime in September. fh!.part
date and place ' to be announce! in
.l. n ' . . ... , c-
V rr"s next weeK, citizens oi twns-out of the six thousand grasses sQ-fu
from Clayton, Ga., to Asheville lvill,as hay crops and temporary and'oer-
get together in a monster celebration
in commemoration of the openng' of
the Asheville -Frankin-Clayton-iAt-lanta
Highway. ; .
At the date of the celebration a
ribbon of concrete will reach from the
Geargia line, fourteen miles south of
Franklin, to Asheville and thence
southeast, east and northeast over
various highways to any part of the
State. ' '
Governor Arigusl McLian,!! Ex
Governor Morrison, Mr. Frank Page,
Chairman State Highway' Commission,
Mr. Max Gardner, believed by many
' . XT r v f i
to become North Carolina s next
governor, officials of the various
chambers of commerce along the
route, editors of newspapers, and
many prominent men fro mthis sec
tion, will be invitd to tak part in the
celebration. .
Among, other features of the cele
bration a big barbecue is planned to
feed the thousands who will be pres
ent. A trip over the highway from
Clayton to Asheville is another fea
ture of the celebration that will be
enjoyed by all, particularly those who
have never traveled oyer the route
in question.
A committee from the Sylva Cham
ber of Commerce, consisting of
Messrs. J. H. Wilsbn, J. F. Fries and
D. G. Bryson, visited Franklin last
Monday and conferred with a com
mittee iof the local chamber relative
to the details of the celebration. Mr.
J. H. Wilson of Sylva was chosen as
president of- the committees; Mr. C.
C. Poindexter, of Franklin, as secre
tary. Both committees visited Clay
ton, Ga., and conferred with .mem
bers of the Clayton chamber of com
merce. It was decided there to in
vite to the celebration Hon. John
Holder, Chairman of the Highway
Commission of Georgia, and candi
date for governor of that state, and
other prominent Georgians.
Alex Moore
Becoming Uneasy
Uncle John Berry says that since
he began practicing for the cow call
ing contest to be held at Franklin on
July 30th .'at the formal opening of
the- creamery here, Mr. Alex Moore
has been making almost daily trips
to Hamburg to count his herd now
pasturing there. Mr. Berry says that
his voice has improved wonderfully
within the last two weeks and that
Mr. Moore's orecaution in makina
daiy trips to Hamburg is a wise one.
Reports reaching Franklin , are to
the effect that Mr. W.A. McGaha
and Mr. John Murray from down on
Matlock creek are also practicing and
are betting two to one that they will
win the contest. All the county com
missioners are reported as entering
the contest. AH in all it seems that
Mr. Arrendale has started something.
The question now seems to be
whether or not he can stop U.
Rumors from various sections of
the county have it that the women
folks have run the men plumb off
the job of milking. One good lady
who is keeping her name a secret
says she can milk a gallon every two
minutes. Others claim that this is
an exaggeration. However.the milk
ing contest on July 30th will tell the
story
he will need a sire from a tested dam
and whn that day comes he will be
able to pay what such a sire is worth.
It is impossible t? make money milk
ing low producing, cows. High pro;
ducers cost money because they are
profitable. . "
Every dairyman1- should remember
that the best producing animals are
just like the best and richest soils
less , work, larger' returns. The
cheapest and most practical way f6r
the . average dairyman to get high
producers is1' through the use of good
pureed sires. Thre is a saying
that the purebred sire is one-half the
herd--the, V scrub the whole herd.
Thint it over and see ' if that isn't
true, : , . .' ' . ..
PASTURE GRASSES AND PASTURE
BUILDING FOR MACON COUNTY,
R. SAMS .
I have been requested to write a
short article for the Franklin Press
on the above Sub'ect. Some farmers
may be surprised at the great num
ber of grasses throughout the world.
Authorities r state that about 6000
different grasses have been classified
and named in the world. While this
,s ue farmers, of , Macon county
J could get along quite well .with eight
manent pastures are concerned.
These eight grasses are as follows
viz: Orchard grass, Tall Meadow
Cat grass, Red Top, Timothy, Dallis
grass, , Meadow Fesene, Kentucky
Blue grass and Bermuda grass.
Then there are . six . clovers, (so
called) viz; White Dutch, Japan, Al
syke, Hop, Burr and White Sweet
ciover that should be used liberally
in every grass mixture." Bur clover
will not do much in Macon county
except on rich warm natured land
White Blooming Sweet Clover will
do well in any section of Macon
county when lime is used freely. And
on some soils it will do well with little
or. no lime; but it is a lime require-
- ' - 'nfiT legume. White Dutch clover,
jaKpan 8dover ftnd Hop ciover are'
smau pasture plants independent of
Jime requirements. Alsyke is to some
' extent perennial' and produces heavy
crops or seed when not grazed too
close, and will remain in the pasture
for several years. The White Dutch
clover is perennial, and the Japan,
Hop and Bur clovers are annual re
seeders. They should be sown in
every pasture mixture for more reas
ons than one. They give variety to
live stock. They come along from
the Growing demand for
HIGH CLASS DAIRY CATTLE
By V. W. LEWIS, Senior Marketing
Specialist, North Carolina' Depart
ment of Agriculture, Division of
Markets.
JBeing by nature well watered and
adapted to the growing of grass, it
is necessary that Macon and adjom
ing counties remain interested in live
stock.
With the advent of better roads and
the advance in the price of hbor and
land it is necessary that these coun
ties change their old system of mar
keting their crops, feeding hay. and
other feeds to milk cws.
The old system of grazing a few
cattle,' growing a little grain and hay
is not furnishing the proper income
for meeting the obligations of the
farmers of this section. While the
milking 'of cows is not entirely new,
milking cows for a commercial pur
pose is somewhat new, The dairy
cow is a machine for making greater
use of the feed grown and the kind
which the farmer is accustomed to
growing.
While we find the cow ' wherever
man is found in the highest state of
civilization; in most sections of the
country, we find the milking of, cows
in a commercial wajs only when the
inhabitants find that agreater income
cm be had by so doing, or are forced
to do so
There are' many sections of the
south that should be milking cows
for the sale of milk and cream but
there are other than feed crops
gown and labor conditions are such
that it is felt the handling of extra
cows would not be profitable. The
practice of milking cows even in those
sections is proving profitable; how
ever, the one crop system practiced
has remaind a barrier to the industry
up untit'tfiev present time. It seems
to 'me that the territory including
Macon and adjoining counties has a
very bright future for the dairy in
dustry. .
If the farmers of this territory had
been accustomed to the growing of
cotton and tobacco, it no doubt would
have been much harder to have built
up the interest that is now found in
the dairy industry in this section.
In going into this new industry,
the question : what is going to happen
farmers may be asking 'themselves
when, every farmer in the south be
gins milking cows? I have just re
lated the fact that certain barriers
have obstructed the growth of the
dairy industry in a large portion of
the south and farmers of Macon and
adjoining counties need not' fear that
at any near future time will thcybe
confronted with a serious problem' Of
marketing cither surplus milk or
cream. , v . ; ' ..' . .
.' The dairy uidustryria the south is
less than twenty years of age. In
North Carolina, only , one pound of
butter1 out of 17 needed for percapha
consumption v is manufactured in
Bur clover in February to Japan
clover in September, and they gather
nitrogen; from the atmosphere and
place it in the soil'.to aid the grasses
in growth, which have not this
power. Now with these eight grasses
and six clovers, the farmers of Ma
con county have nothing to keep them
from enjoying tho most beautiful aad
profitable pastures, only to select rich,
land and sow proper mixtures of
these grasses and clovers, and then
take the proper care when established.
No one ever thinks of preparing a
piece of rich land and planting good
seed corn in the soil and then going
away till harvest time and expect to
come back and reap a good harvest.
Why then should a farmer expect
more of grass and clover when
pianiea tnan cornr let, the grasses
wilt endure great negligence and abuse
and still yield a dividend; but the
dividends will be much larger when
proper care. is bestowed. Until pro
perly established, weeds and bushes
should be kept down; it should never
be over-grazed, and should be re
seeded, cultivated and fertilized when
it shows failure.
What I imean by cultivation is by
using a spike-tooth harrow on the
sod occasionally and sow a light dres
sing of seed. In some instances where
the sod becomes sod bound and the
land becomes hard and tough, a disc
harrow and .the spike-tooth harrow
should be used -with caution; and re
seeding with an application of lime
and acid phosphate is good for the
pasture. Any management that keeps
the grasses and clovers & dark green,
and vigorous is good for the pasture
for the live stock and also for their
owner.
. . .
North Carolina as creamery butter4
ten pounds is farm butter the other;
six pouna Demg imported trom out-
siae tne ataie.
One of our problems in this State
is to, assist in converting a larger part
of this fam buter into a standard pro
duct, even before we are able topro
duce an extra quantity to take care of
that now imported; For this reason
the creamsrv law hpinor nncnpd . a
j - -
afford a market for much of the
ter fat that has beer, going iitoj&rnr
butter. . .1
there is no need to -worry as to the
market tor them. Unly this spms
Eastern Tennessee shipped ""'s'everal
cars of good, milk cows to Wisconsin,
a state that has been engaeed in the
dairy business for a number of years
on a very lf.rge scale. '
Since the average North Carolina'
cow produces annually less than 2809
pounds of milk, which would be re
garded as unprofitable, one of the
problems of the milk producers of
this State, is to raise the' standard of
the average cow which will take con
siderable time. It takes several years
to build up a good high producing
herd.
In many sections of the State the
farmers are not wait jpg to breeds up
their present native cattle but are dis
posing of them and buying better
ctows. This kind, of proceedure . k
making a market within our own
State for large numbers of milk cows
each year.
It is hoped that Such " rapid progress
will be made in Macon and adjoining
counties that it will be - possible to
buy milk cows in that section within
a few years. ;
Farmers of Macon and adjoining
counties are to be congratulated on
the fine stsfrt they have made in
dairying. Properly handled milking
cows on the farm should mean" the
following to the section:
1. More hours of profitable labor
per day. v J
2. A greater income per farm;
j. More fertile farms: ' fv
4. Better homes.
5. A fuller developed life on "the
fasm.
Siren To Go On
Joines lock
Mr. S. R. Joines has i'e
town ncrmiccinit the
the
fire
alarm siren on top 0f the J
Block in the square, ft k aC7"
tral location and u, 'ies f e
commended for pn-'nif'
j.j r J the Siren
w go on in yu;.Mj
nig.