Newspapers / The Franklin Press and … / April 5, 1928, edition 1 / Page 2
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PAGE TWO 4 THE FRANKLIN PRESS, FRANKLIN, N. C. THURSDAY, APRIL 5. itZS ""CIVILIZATION BEGINS AND ENDjS WITH THE PLOW" THINGS TO PLAN TO THROUGHOUT COMING YEAR The Farmers' Day at the test farm at Swannanoa on May 17, 1328. Poultry loading depot with facili ties for grading eggs. An annual poultry show. Monthly livestock sales. Farmers' own line of delivery trucks. Purebred sires and seeds. . Guernsey, cattle association. A semi-annual seed exchange day. A Harvest Carnival one day of the bread and butter show. Just About the Farm Some mjn came into the office the other day and assured me that they had to plant certain crops by the moon. Woe is me, for in my ignor ance I thought all along that the top of the earth was the nearest by the moon wc could plant. , . - CANNERY s 'All perspective"" producer s for the cannery may rest easy now, for the finances have been arranged to take care of the deliveries to the plant. , ' The prices may seem low, but you are again. reminded that the only di vidends this corporation pays is dividends to producers in proportion to their patrbnage. For example: If you deliver 10 tons of Corn to the cannery and receive $150.00 for same at time of delivery and after this . is packed and sold if it shows a bal ance of $25.00 profit, that $25.00 goes back to you at the end of the can nery's fiscal year. , - Few pcopTfc realize the above and effort" is be?rig made on the part ot the management) put things across in a jam-ui way - Another good thing the cannery is chartered under laws that absolutely preclude the posibility of (1) the man agement getting into politics ; (2) pay ing taxes, and (3) any man or group of men creating a monoply . by pur chasing all the shares of stock. . The cannery is installed, among otherthings, to take care of surpluses. TAKE CARE OF THE SURPLUS The farmer, who is continually cuss ing the middleman as a robber, should saye.his breath. Cussing and fussing do not put the other fellow out ' oi business. The only method by which the middleman may be eliminated is ty making him unnecessary. Just so long as the farmer dumps his surplus fruits ungraded upon a local market, just so long will he suffer. If he is anxious to secure the -middleman's profit on the surplus, he must take care of that -surplus. All of the above has been written to ""introduce something which is well worth a good deal of thought. The Commissioner of Agriculture down iii Georgia has had something to say about surplus fruits and the SOUTH ERN AGRICULTURIST quotes him in the follpwing: Way down 'South in Georgia, the Commisisoner of Agriculture is urging the farmers to take care of surplus products. In writing about the handl ing of surplus fruits, he said that "the best disposition of surplus fruit is to manufacture it into salable pro ducts, such as vinegar, jelly, and ex tracts. Dried fruit also is a profitable way to take care of the surplus. . We need manufacturing plants to handle staple crops here at home without ...shipping them acros the United States to be manufactured and shipped back to us and to other parts of the world." In trucking districts, where a large acreage of fresh vegetables is grown regularly, canneries could be used to take a surplus off the market and thus sustain reasonable pricesf ojr the crops. The farmer must meet "this 'problenr"squarel)riri- the very near future if he is to succeed in his ha zardous business. T"Z :t.Zv . . ., : ; POULTRY I Below are P tifnely poultry pointers sent out by Mr. C. F. Parrish of State College, an expert among ex perts in the chicken business. It is well worth anybody's study : Brooding Hints 1. Have , cut wheat straw or corn shucks on floor of brooder house, not under canopy. 2. Do not use wheat chaff as litter. Chicks wil lcat it and die. 3. Keep corners out of brooder .house. Make the corners round with nastcboard, roll rqofing or wire. 4. Have a twelve-inch plank lean ing back against wall at angle of KEEP YOUR FARM AND IT WILL KEEl? YOU AND YOURS 45 degrees so chicks (tannot crowd. This plank is between each corner, four planks in all being used. When chicks begin to crowd they will push the ones in front up the plank so no smothering results. Leave these planks in Jiouseuntil chicks are taken to laying house. Cold rains in latter part of April and May often cause alrge loss of chicks due to crowding. Please do not let this happen. 5. Care for chicks for they are the ones to make the money next fall and winter. 6. Keep house comfortable. Do not have it too hot or too cold. Avoid odor of kerosene fumes by proper ven tilation. 7. Clean droppings . from under brooder each' morning. Chick Feeds 1. Give chicks- grit not fine sand. 2. (jive chicks sour milk to drink. 3. ' Start feeding when chicks are GO "to 72 hours old if they are very hungry and the abdomen is flabby, soft and pliable. 4. First feed consists of bread crumbs or raw rolled oats mixed with an egg boiled 20 minutes. (If flock is blood tested use fresh, raw eggs.) Mix enopugh rolled bats with one" egg to be crumbly and then feed to 30 chicks. 5. Feed five times per day what they will cat in five minutes for five days. 6. The scratch feed should be pin head " oats and finely cracked corn in equal parts. 7. On the eighth day begin feeding mash made as follows: Corn meal, 20 lbs; wheat middlings, 20 lbs.; wheat bran, 20 lbs.; ground oats, 20 lbs.; fish meal (55 per cent protein) 10' lbs. ; 1 bone meal, 4 lbs. . 8. Keep oyster shell and charcoal (baby chick size) before them all the time. 9. Start feeding green feed at end of first week. Finely chopped clover, alfalfa, rye, oats, barley, wheat or rape is good. The green feed must - - .. ,....J.M.v......W.V4..-'v 1 tils" Why" He" Quit rouitry business The "answer he didn't .get" told -n bounty farm - agent -recently- why a farmer was quitting the chicken uusiness. , "How much did it cost you to feed your flock last year, Henry ?" hope fully asked the county agent, "I don't know." "How much profit did your flock net in 1927?!' "I don't know." . "What docs it cost you to raise a hen?" "I don't know." "How many eggs did your average hen lay last year?" "I don't know." "How many chickens did you sell last year for more than their cost of raising?" ' ' "I don know." ' "What price were you paid for the average sold?" ' "1 don't know." "Which of your hens are 'board ers'?" ' "I don't know." "i)uringwhat month" docs poultry return the most money?". - "I don't : know." "When must chicks be hatched to lay -high-priced eggs ?" "Why are you ' selling out?" "Chickens don't pay these times." FARM MANAGEMENT . DO YOU KNOW: What it costs you to make a bushel of corn ? What it costs you to make a bale of hay ? WThaf it costs you to make a pound of butter fat? What it costs you to make a dozen eggs ? What it costs you to make a pound of poultry? What it costs you to make a pound of pork ? ; - In fact, do you know what it costs you to make anything that is produced on your farm ? Until 'we know something definite and look after our own business, in a business-like way there is not much chance of "Farm relief" by legisla tion ""'doing, us a"fl"jr"gooxfc " . bees . -" :.T7T" Requeening Bees 1. What U meant by requeening a colony of bees? Removing ot the queen from the hive and putting in another, 2. For what purposes are colonies requeened? (a) The queen nay be old, in which case the bets start new queen cells in order to replace the old queen This is known as siipersedure. (b) The new quten may be a cross and of inferior blood. Therefore, the bee-keeper requcens before siiperse dure takes place. (c) The old queen may be a poor layer And she may be a black queen making a black colony of high 'temper The farm pages of The Press are edited by the county agent in col laboration with the editor. and not industrious. No strong colo nies may be expected from poor queens. (d) A colony may have become queenless, making- requcening ncces sary. . 3. How often should a colony be requeened? About every two years ;' some good bee-keepers .requeen every -year. , , . 4. What varieties of queens are re commended? Untested Italians. Thrce-banded Italians are ' generally preferred in this state. 5. When is the best .time to re queen? This varies. Requcening is general ly recommended after the spring hon ey . flow is over. During a honey flow a queen is more readily accept ed, but the operation of requcening may give the bees a setback which may greatly reduce the honey crop. After the ho'ney flow queens arc more abundant in the narkctndosL-less This is generally during July. 6. How late may one requeen? Requeening is generally done from the first of July to about August 12th and even as late as September 1st. The bees should have at least eight weeks to build up before the first frost occurs. 7. Where can Italian queens be ob tained? ' . From various breeders; but care should be exercised to purchase from reliable and reputable breeders only, who furnish strong and pure stock free from disease. Further informa tion will be sent on request. ( ..8.. What are the prevailing prices for queens? .... ... Generally .$1.50 to- $3.00 in May and June; $1.00 to$2.50 in Julyand Aug- " '.V--" 'i'" -'""'"""-"-'"H"'- 'rlf-'Wn'feMmiv - By 'mail in a mailing and introduc ing cage acompanied by a small num ber" of worker-bees. This-cage-4s a block of wood with holes bored nearly through, the hole at one end being filled with candy. At each end of the cage a small hole is bored through. The hole at the candy end is covered with a piece of card board ; the hole at the other end is covered with a piece of perforated metal; the open side is covered, with a wire cloth. Generally, directions accompany the cage and these should be followed. 10. After receiving queens what should be done first? Remove the old queen from the hive and leave it queenless from three to six hours. - Do not leave the 'hive queenless over seven hours for the bees may- start queen cells and may not accept the new queen. 11. How is the new queen intro duced? Take the cake just as received from the mail and place it with the wire cloth down, over the space between two brood frames of the queenless colony, and let the bees do ths retl. Cfctting away the card board and consuming the candy ping will require from 24 to 48 hours, so that when the queen leaves the cage throueh the s hole that contained the candy, they will have become acquainted a ltd she will generally be accepted: 1 o not open the hive before four or five days have passed. Thereafter, at some convenient time, the empty queen cage may be removed. DAIRYING Again we print the following for the information of the business dairy farmers: Home Grown Feeds Make Dairying , More Profitable More Dairy Cows in North Carolina fail to return a profit because of poor feeding than because of poo. breed There are many poor individual cows within the state, but these can be easily located by herd-records and replaced; however, no method has yet been devised by which profitable reduction anbeL secur good feeding regardless of the in dividuality. -. Our most . successful dairy farmers are those who grow all of their rough age and part of the concentrates needed for their herds. , The following is the amount of feed needed annually for each cow or cow unit' Two yearlings are equivalent to one cow unitj ,6 bushels of barley 15 bushels of corn 10 bushels of oats (or) 1-42 tons legume hay (peas or soy beans) 3 tons silage or roots If silage or roots are not available, two tons of legume hay should be provided per cow. With the above and two acres of good pasture, only 500 pounds of cottonseed meal and 200 pounds of v;heat bran need be purchased to make up a well balanced feed allowance for the average size cow for one 'year. The following is a letter from a well known local man, who followed our feeding instructions to the letter: Franklin, North Carolina, April 3, 1928. Mr. Lylcs Harris, County Agent, Franklin, North Carolina. Dear Mr. Harris: . ' A couple of ' months ago I sought your advice on how to feed my milk cow in the proper, way. I am writ ing , this line to tell you that I followed your instructions to the let ter, using the 4-3-2-1 mixture in the quantities you recommended, also, the minerals you gave me and found that it increased my production 40 per cent and lowered the cos of produc tion at least 25 per cent. I sincerely hope you will get more people interested in " this method . of feeding, for it will mean scores of dollars to the individuals so doing, 'and thousands of dollar to Macon county ; because .every feed you recommended, with the exception of cottonseed meal, is- grown locally and can be bought for less than the freight from Kansas City or St. Louis, where, I understand npst of our mixed feeds come from. Yours very truly, GILMER A. JONES, Who's next ? FARMING IS SANE. LIVING The fanner has to make a living on his farm. In other words, his farm is his out-of-door9 factory where he turns soil and rain and sunshine into crops and livestock. He expects to be able to earn a fair return upon his investment; but sometimes he for gets there are some other things to be considered besides the interest on these two paragraphs so that he might pin on to it a little article taken bodily-from the SOUTHERN-AGRICULTURIST . and written by James Speed. The small article has this to say libout "Farming is Sane Living:" Not long ago a v banker in a moder ate sized town tojd me that several men had lately inquired about small farms for sale. When I expressed surprise at farmers wishing to buy more land, he smiled and said, "These men who wanted to know about small farms had come back home from Detroit or Akron. They had been getting splendid wages in the auto mobile and tire factories. Since the automobile business has been some what slack, thcsT fellows have found they were living up quite, rapidly what little money they had put away, so they wish to get small farms on which they could live and at the same, time do some, work in town." It might be well for the farmer, who has been grumbling tremendously about ruinous prices for his products, to think about these workmen oc casionally Alshut-down to thtfac lory worker t is an ' unqualified dis-. aster. It may even wreck " him 'com pletely, and he has no way in the world to save himself. The farmer, who has his place paid for, is the only man who, when danger threat ens from low prices or a panic, can "pull in his horns" and continue to cat three square meals a day. The European farmer does not have the same viewpoint of his life as has the American farmer. The farmer in this country usually thinks of him self as a business man and expects the same sort of return from his in vestment. Not many years' ago a farmer from America traveling in England chatted with a rather pros perous farmer. ' The English farmer had explained what his farm was yielding him and the Atherican farm er exclaimed, "Why, you are not get ting a fair return on your 'money. Do you consider this good business?" The Englishman smiled quite broad ly and replied, "I really never thought of my life here on the farm exactly as a business. You know like the man who "keeps a shopor a f actoryT I have never allowed myself to-think of myself or my family on this estate as irT business.-We ) live comfortably and we think of life on the place as. a thoroughly sane mode of living. There's a wide difference there, you know." FERTILIZER There, are numerous inquiries in regard to ferctilizer these days. A lot of people inquire, for example : Just wlnt is best to use 15-5-5 or 9-3-3. Of course, the answer is ' 15-5-5 for this reason : The numerals 3-3 or 15-5-5 simply mean the per cent, that is the pounds of per QfS of plant food contained in' the ma terial. As we all know there are about THINGS TO PLAN FOR RIGHT NOW That cream check every two weeks. That cannery check every time you come to town. . Fat hog sale in March. Poultry sale on Monday, April 9th. Bread end Butter Show next fall. , Encourage the 4-H Clubbers. ' j : Big Farmers' day next fall. '.:. Local Curb Market. . Breed sows so that the pigs will go on the market in March, April, August and September. 14 elements that ' go to make tip plants, and 3 of these more important elements are deficient to a more or less 'high degree in .our soils. They are: Phosphate, Nitrogen and" Pot ash. Therefore, 9-3-3 carries 9 pounds of plant food element phosphus to the 100 pounds -material, 3 pounds nitrates and 3 pounds potash. Henccit is easily " figured that freight," 'bagging." and handling charges are cheaper on 15-5-5 than on 9-3-3 because there are 6 more pounds of the plant food ele ment phosphus arid 2 more pounds each of plant food element nitrogen and potash in 100 pounds of this than in the same weight of 9-3-3. . It is"" well to remember also that red clay hills do not, as a rule, need potash added, and low lying. . bottom land does not need the nitrogen element applied artificially, hence the great saving in home mixing. Right here I will add that if the stock holders of the Federation will pay up their stock subscriptions and all acounts"'Tne""l,eciciatio"ii-1' wuirkt juu money on hand to keep these , fertilizer- materials onhand -and we-could make up our. own formula to exactly suit each man's needs, and thereby save him dollars per acre annually for mixing chemical fertilizers is the art of an applied exact science. INSECTS AND THEIR CONTROL How' much are you going to con tribute this year toward the $200,000, 000 fund to feed , these "animules?" The equavalent of the total earnings of 2,000,000 men goes to supply food for insects, simply because each in dividual farmer so often has not the initative and managerial ability to kill the insects that invest his own crops. MACON COUNTY The Land of Super-Farmers Who Think. LYLES HARRIS, County Agent. APPLE PROFITS CUT BY CODDLING MOTH Raleigh, N. C.,, April. The Codling Moth causes more appales to go to ecaU-Ttl--ittrIorth--CarolMi:a--44i'n : any other insect,, yet proper spraying wil hold this costly pest-in '-check.' . 'Injury from the codling moth is caused by the larva or small pinkish worm," says C. H. Brannon, exten sion, entomologist at State College. "This larva pases' the winter scaled in a cocoon under the bark of the trees, in cracks at the base1 of the tree and in the ground. , There are two and sometimes three generations in this state. The moth emerges about two to three weeks after the petals fal and begins to deposit eggs when the temperature warms up in spring. Eggs are laid in largest num bers just after sunset and can be found mostly on the leaves. These eggs hatch in about seven to ten days!" -. : " C:,'ST.:...; Mr. Brannon states that these worms first feed on' the under side of the leaves but later enter the apple at the blosom end. Here they re main for 30 or 40 days and emerge through the side of the fruit. The adult moth live s only about -a week -after emergingThe second genera-. t ion of worms generally enter the ap ple trom the side. The best way to kill off the first generation is to be sure that the blosom end of the apple is filled with arsenate of lead poison before it clos es. The spray may be applied several weeks before teh worms seek to en ter the fruit. The -second spray will kill these worms feeding on the un der side of the leaves and those which try to enter the apple from the side and the third is timed to poison the second . generation while they 'Tar?" hatching in greatest numbers. Mr. Brannon states that it is very,' important to spray the under side of the leaves thoroughly 'when attempt ing to control the codling moth. The driving force of the spray must be sufficient to turn the leaves when . they are hit. -. r (1 V 0 0 . ' COUNTY YOUR LAWYER
The Franklin Press and the Highlands Maconian (Franklin, N.C.)
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April 5, 1928, edition 1
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